19 12, after the founding of the Republic of China, Xiannongtan was no longer a forbidden place for the royal family. In the Republic of China, the Ministry of the Interior took over the temples and temples in the whole city, and took full charge of temple and temple affairs. As a park, Xiannongtan also held various commercial activities, which presented many wonders before the atmosphere was opened.
However, due to the poor management of the government of the Republic of China at that time, some ancient buildings and trees in the Xiannongtan were either demolished or sold, which brought great damage to the Xiannongtan.
Xiannongtan north gate Jin
It was first opened on the first anniversary of the founding of the Republic of China.
In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of China considered the original Taoranting and Heilongtan (formerly known as the southeast of Taoranting) in the outer city, and planned to open up new scenic spots due to limited conditions. They saw that the Xiannongtan was a rare place, so the Ministry of the Interior planned that during the Republic of China,
Coincidentally, before this, the Ministry of Internal Affairs had moved the old sacrificial utensils from the temples in the capital to the Prince's Hall and the Liangdian of the Xiannongtan, and immediately set up the Antiquities Preservation Center (two independent institutions were established with the Wenhua Hall of the Forbidden City and the Antiquities Exhibition Center of Wuying Hall 19 14) to display all the old antiques in the capital. To celebrate its establishment, the Antiquities Preservation Institute also plans to open for ten days free of charge from 2000 1 month 1 day.
At that time, Patriotic Daily specially published a notice that the Antiquities Preservation Institute was open for free: "... It is planned to start the school from 1 month 1 day to1day in 2000. All the places were open that day, and no tickets were sold. Starting from the archway in the west of the street, roads extend in all directions, including reception rooms, greenhouses and tea tasting rooms. All men and women from all walks of life in China and foreigners can enter at will. "
In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), 1 month 1 day to 10, Beijing Xiannong altar was officially opened to the public for ten days, and the antiquities preservation institute was also opened to the public. This is the first time for the general public to enter the altar of Xiannong. In order to facilitate access, the Ministry of Internal Affairs opened a side door leading to the incense factory on the wall of the North Outer Altar, allowing carriages and rickshaws to go directly to the inner altar.
In the second year of the Republic of China, the Journey to the Altar published in Patriotic Daily recorded the scene that the Temple of Heaven and the Xiannong Altar were opened for free.
According to records, in order to celebrate the first anniversary of the founding of the Republic of China, the Ministry of Internal Affairs also carefully decorated the Xiannong altar, made a memorial arch with cypress branches, and hung donated couplets everywhere. The content of couplets mainly reflects the mood of * * * and later generations. Qingcheng Palace in the altar was changed into a martyrs' altar for the memorial meeting to pay homage to the martyrs of the Republic of China. The large open space in the south of Qingcheng Palace was set up as a bow court, which became an excellent place for children to play football.
Because the Ministry of Internal Affairs published a notice in the newspaper in advance, tourists were bustling and endless after the opening. Interestingly, it didn't take long for it to open for the first time, and it happened to meet with heavy snow all over the sky, which added a lot of emotional appeal to the Xiannong altar, and literati borrowed scenery to express their feelings. At the request of the people, the Ministry of the Interior extended the opening hours for several days. In the next two years, the Xiannong altar was opened for ten days in the middle of 1 month, for tourists to visit for free.
Hold the first city fair
In April of the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), in view of the importance of the administration of the capital, Zhu Qiqian, the head of the interior government, demarcated the urban area and established the Kyoto Prefecture, with the main administrative goal of encouraging the business prosperity of the capital. He is personally in charge.
In order to improve the competitiveness of local products in Beijing, the Shi Jing Export Association was established at the initiative of the municipal government. Export associations often hold various business activities, among which trade exhibitions are the most popular.
19 14 In September, Kyoto Prefecture held the first city fair in the courtyard of Tai Sui Temple in Xiannongtan, Beijing, in order to promote domestic products and boycott foreign goods. 100 Many large enterprises participated in the Expo and exhibited 1000 kinds of Beijing native products.
The fair lasted for ten days and attracted many visitors from Beijing. At one time, Xiannong altar was crowded with tourists. In order to encourage tourists, the conference also distributed souvenirs to tourists and held concerts. In addition, in order to attract tourists, the opening hours are extended at night, and there are many activities such as setting off fireworks and showing movies, which are very lively.
These activities have achieved very good results, and the organizers have set up various awards to commend and reward the selected quality products. At the same time, all award-winning products are advertised by the conference in national newspapers for free.
After the Expo, with the support of the Kyoto municipal government, the "Shi Jing Industrial and Commercial Promotion Bureau" was established, which was composed of several departments with different functions. They actively support the development of Beijing traditional brand-name products such as cloisonne, embroidery, lacquerware and herbs, and enhance their competitiveness. Thanks to the efforts of many people, these products have gained a good reputation in the domestic and international markets, and the local trade and handicrafts in Beijing have developed by leaps and bounds. At the beginning of the 20th century, Beijing quickly became one of the major commercial centers in China.
Setting off fireworks is a great sight in Beijing.
In the fourth year of the Republic of China (19 15), because the social altar in the inner city of Beijing was turned into a central park and there was no park in the south city, the Ministry of Internal Affairs decided to turn the Xiannong altar in Beijing into a park. As a preliminary preparation, more than 140 deer were transported from the summer resort, and the open space of the temple sacrifice place and the northwest open space of the Taizui Hall were converted into deer. Flower beds are set up on both sides of the north gate of the inner altar until near the observation deck. On the platform with service hall, a pavilion will be built, a tea house will be opened, and public facilities such as swing garden, lotus pond and cinema will be planned.
Deer Garden in Xiannongtan in the Republic of China
After everything was ready, on June 7th, 19 15, the first civilian park in Chengnan was officially opened to the public, and it was named as Xiannongtan Park, "one ticket, five Zhang Guan clean tickets". Xiannongtan Park has become the second largest park after Central Park (now Zhongshan Park).
In addition, previously, the altar land in the northern part of the outer altar of Xiannongtan was rented by businessmen, including teahouses, restaurants, theaters, restaurants and grocery stalls. , particularly eye-catching, busy, very lively. Because there is a lot of "popularity" here, Xiannongtan has also issued prize-winning lottery tickets.
Guan Geng Ge, Xiannongtan, Republic of China
At that time, the government of the Republic of China was financially tight and vigorously issued savings lottery tickets. In order to make the fundraising go smoothly, the government of the Republic of China entrusted Xinhua Bank to be responsible for the issuance of prize-winning savings lottery tickets. Since then, the Xiannong altar has held three consecutive lucky draws, and people have patronized it to try their luck.
In June of the 6th year of the Republic of China (19 17), in order to commemorate the opening day of Beijing Xiannongtan Park, the park and Xinhua Bank * * * planned to hold a fireworks show, with the purpose of attracting people and selling lottery tickets. The fireworks display in Xiannong altar has become a very attractive viewing program in Xiannong altar.
According to the report of Qunqiang Daily at that time, "Xiannongtan Park is the opening anniversary on 19 this month. Therefore, at 9 pm, fireworks were set off in the park to commemorate it. I also heard that Xinhua Bank has set off fireworks on this anniversary to arouse the hearts of businessmen and others to buy tickets and win prizes because the venue layout for the opening ceremony has been completed. I think there will be some excitement in the future. "
Because the outer altar of Xiannongtan was very lively at that time, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Beiyang Government decided to change the outer altar north to "South Garden". In 19 18, the two parks were merged because of their close distance and it was difficult to manage them in a unified way. 19 19 was officially named "Nanyuan".
In the summer of the eighth year of the Republic of China (19 19), the Kyoto municipal government stepped forward and built a European-style four-sided clock in Chengnan Leisure Park (located in the outer altar area of Xiannongtan), which became another new landscape of Xiannongtan. There is another anecdote about this four-sided clock.
At that time, when Beiyang government developed Xiangchang "new city", Jiangxi warlord Chen Guangyuan invested, and his fifth aunt built a western-style four-story building at the northeast corner of Wanming Road and Xiangchang Road. The design of this building looks like a sea ship. It is called the New World Playground. Euphemistically called: My ship is about to sail (ahead) for money, and I want money.
After the completion of Chengnan Amusement Park, a four-sided clock was built to compete with New World Amusement Park. This four-sided bell tower is more than ten meters high, surrounded by clocks and watches, and looks like an iron anchor. It means to tie the boat-shaped amusement park with this iron anchor, so that it can't set sail, thus breaking the "money" pulse of the New World Amusement Park.
The American Acrobatic Troupe held an air show.
1920, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Beiyang Government set up the "Xiannongtan Office" in the inner altar of Xiannongtan to manage the affairs of Xiannongtan. During this period, Xiannongtan also held an air show.
In the Republic of China 10 (192 1) 1 month, an American acrobatic troupe was going to perform in Beijing from Shanghai, and the news quickly spread all over Beijing. This acrobatic troupe has a strong lineup, and there is a finale program, that is, Barr, a member of the acrobatic troupe, will perform an air show over the Xiannongtan in Beijing. This is a new thing.
This activity needs to be approved by the alarm viewing office. According to the "Municipal Notice", the approval at that time was: "... check that the beautiful woman Barr came to Beijing to audition for the plane. Approved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and designated as an air show area, it can be borrowed. In other words, I hope your office will contact the management department and deal with it directly with the South Park Office. In addition to knowing the firm, the corresponding Cinda arrived at the investigation. "
At that time, there were not only airplane performances, but also four airships, which caused a great sensation in Beijing.
Since then, the Xiannongtan has gradually declined. In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), the Nanjing government was established, with Nanjing as its capital, and the Xiannong altar was even more desolate and dilapidated. 1928, the Ministry of the Interior issued the Order on the Preservation and Abolition of Shrine Standards, completely abolishing the sacrificial activities such as Xiannong, Tai Sui, Stars and Mountains and Rivers. However, the Ministry of the Interior decided to change the ploughing of Xiannongtan in Beijing from March to Arbor Day. According to 1928 "Beiping Temple Office Archives", at that time, a place was designated in front of the altar as a planting area. In order to level this area, miscellaneous trees and young trees that were not in the original place were moved to other places for planting. Two years later, Xiannongtan ushered in a highlight moment: in the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930), the first Arbor Day ceremony was held in Xiannongtan, Beijing, attended by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce and local officials in Beijing.
Memorial stone tablet for tree planting ceremony in Xiannongtan Park during the Republic of China
At this time, although the Xiannongtan had ticket income, the ticket price was low (six coppers) and the income was very small. Xiannongtan came up with a way to rent more than 200 mu of land, and the rent per mu was 3.50 yuan to 5 yuan; Set up four deer farms and a dairy farm, each with an annual rent of about 100 yuan. However, these incomes still can't make ends meet, so some deer in the altar were auctioned and trees were cut down to sell wages, which brought great damage to the Xiannong altar.
In February, 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), the archives of Tanmiao Office in Beiping recorded the auction of deer: "Due to the increase of deer, the budget for raising deer potato seedlings is much higher than before, and it costs 122 yuan 32 points. In addition, the current market price of potato seedlings is relatively expensive, and the amount that exceeds the budget can not be made up. This is calculated according to the number of thirteen newborn deer this year. Two large stags, four small stags, three large roes and four small roes were for sale, so they contacted the pharmacies in the city for sale on the 30th of this month. Tongjitang drugstore paid the highest price: thirteen deer, with a price of 2056 yuan. Just pay 500 yuan in cash, and the rest 1556 yuan. It is stated that the deer payment will be paid in full on 19 1 month 10. "
Source Beijing Evening News Colored Soil | Author Liu Yongjia
Editor Jiang Baojun
Process Editor wuyue