Stories related to Laozi\x0d\According to "Historical Records": Laozi was a native of Qurenli, Lixiang, Chuku County. His surname is Li, his given name is Er, his courtesy name is Boyang, his posthumous title is Dan, and he has a history of keeping the Tibetan room in Zhou Dynasty. Confucius came to Zhou Dynasty and asked Laozi about etiquette. Laozi said: What Master said, his body and bones are already rotten, but his words are only in his ears. A gentleman will drive when he has the right time, but when he doesn't have the right time, he will drive with a ruffled hat. I heard that a good man is hidden deep in the sky. A gentleman is virtuous but looks like a fool. Get rid of your son's arrogance and excessive desires, his appearance, and his lustful ambitions, all of which are of no benefit to his body. The reason why I am telling you is if that is all. Confucius went away and said to his disciples: "Birds, I know they can fly." Fish, I know it can swim. The beast, I know it can walk. The walker can be the net. Travelers can make money. Flyers can be _. As for the dragon, I cannot know how it rides on the wind and clouds and ascends to the sky. When I see Lao Tzu now, he looks like a dragon. Lao Tzu cultivates morality, and his main task is to hide himself in anonymity. After living in Zhouzhi for a long time, he saw the decline of Zhouzhi, so he left. At the end of the pass, Guan ordered Yin Xi to say: "My son is in hiding, and he is forced to write a book for me." So Lao Tzu wrote the first and second chapters of the book, expounding the meaning of morality in more than 5,000 words, and then left without knowing where he would end up. Laozi was born in the third year of King Zhou Ding's birth, and his mother was eighty years pregnant. He was born with a bright head, so he was called Laozi. \x0d\\x0d\ Laozi was born around 570 BC, about twenty years older than Confucius, and was his teacher. Lao Dan belongs to the royal family. "Zuo Zhuan: The Fourth Year of Dinggong" says: "There are eight mother and younger brothers of King Wu. Duke Zhou is the chief minister, Uncle Kang is the Sikou, Dan Ji is the Sikong, and the fifth uncle has no official." The family is hereditary and the Sikong of the Zhou Dynasty. position. "Historical Records Guan Cai Family" said: "After King Wu died and became a young king, Zhou Gongdan became the king of the royal family and granted Ji Zai to Ran." Ran is Dan, so Ji Zai is also called Dan Ji - the monarch of Dan State, the old man. Dan is the heir to this fact, so he is also officially called Laojun. Danji is the uncle of King Cheng, so he is also the Lao Yangzi of the Danji clan of King Cheng's uncle who was wanted to be eliminated by Gan Aogong in the twelfth year of Zhaogong. Lao is the family name for the Danji clan, the son of King Wen. Laozi's real name is Laoyangzi. Later, he was called Yangzi in science, Boyang in title, Laozi (a scholar of Zi) by his teacher, and Laodan or Laojun in his official name. When Wang Zichao went to Qurenli in Chu State with his classics, he was named Lao Laizi. Because the fiefdom was in Peize in the south - Pengdi of Danguo (Kaifeng area), later generations also called his landlord Lao Peng and Peng Zu. "Li Er" is a derogatory name for "Dan Ji" that was half-cut when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty opposed Huang Lao's policy. There is no basis for it in the Han Dynasty. Laozi once served as King Sikong of Zhou Jing. After "the Shan family took over Zhou", he left Zhou and went to Qin to ask his ancestors and return to his clan. He died in Qin. \x0d\\x0d\ Lao Tzu rides a green ox \x0d \\x0d\ "Shangzhi Jing" was directly called "Laozi" in the Han Dynasty. "Historical Records" originally said that "Laozi wrote the first and second chapters of the book, talking about moral meanings." Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty changed Huangzi and Laozi's righteousness and rituals into the classics, and Yang Xiong's " "Han Zhi·Benji of the King of Shu" says that "Laozi wrote the "Tao Te Ching" for Guan Yin", and "Bian Rang Lao Zi Inscription" says that "seeing the pressure, he left the Tao Te Ching in his last words." It can be seen that the earliest title for Lao Zi's writings is Han Feizi's "Zhou Dynasty" Book". During the Zhou Dynasty, Shi Kuang of Jin State called this move "repairing the Book of Righteousness", and Prince Jin of the Zhou Dynasty said it was "establishing righteousness and governing laws". Recently, archaeological excavations in Zhengdian Village, Woyang County, Anhui Province have unearthed the place where Laozi lived when he was in the Chu Kingdom. The tomb of Yin, the tomb of the Virgin Mary and the stone statue of the saint Laozi, as well as the pottery well walls of the Spring and Autumn Period and the "Imperial Compilation" "Hunyuan Jianda" etc. fragments. \x0d\\x0d\ Based on these clues, we can easily find the relationship between the "Book of Zhou" - Lao Ziwen and King Zhou Jing's "casting without shooting" bell 2,520 years ago: because at that time, the vassal states copied and cast The order of the "Book of Zhou" on the round bell is different from that of the Six Books, which means that the "De Jing" in the Han Dynasty tomb silk book that has been handed down to the present precedes the "Dao Jing" and the other versions of the "Dao Jing" precede the "De Jing", and The root cause of differences in text etc. Other reasons are unexplained. \x0d\\x0d\ Laozi's social philosophy is broad and profound, advocating differentiation without arguing, knowing without creating something, and public being the king. The purpose is to improve the social spirit and build opportunities. He is a rare master of social dialectical logic in ancient and modern times. \x0d\\x0d\ 6. The story of Laozi\x0d\\x0d\ 1. The birth of Laozi\x0d\\x0d\ In the summer and June of 577 BC, the king of the Song Dynasty, Duke ***, passed away, and Hua Yuan, the right master, took charge of the state affairs.
The Huan clan, headed by Zuo Shi Yushi, had long wanted to seek political power, but they had no choice but to take advantage of the fact that the Duke was in power. Now that I see Mr. *** passing away, I want to take the opportunity to cause trouble. Because his plans were not kept secret and the news leaked out, he was expelled from the Song Dynasty by the Dai clan headed by Hua Yuan. After that, he appointed Xiang Rong as Zuoshi, Lao Zu as Sima, and Yue Yi as Sikou; he established a new king, who was Song Pinggong. \x0d\\x0d\ Yu Shi led more than 200 members of the Huan clan to flee to Chu State and stayed in Chu State for three years. In the summer and June of 573 BC, the Chu State launched an army to attack the Song Dynasty and captured Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province) of the Song State. They sealed Yushi and Yufu to defend the city, and left three hundred chariots to assist in the defense. \x0d\\x0d\ King Ping of the Song Dynasty summoned the courtiers to discuss the matter and asked: "The enemy is strong and we are weak. The Chu soldiers invaded and occupied Pengcheng. They are my confidants! If you sit back and ignore it, there will be endless troubles! Who is willing to pull out this fortress for me?" The voice said Just as he was about to leave, a man walked out of the class and said, "Foolish minister, I would like to go!" King Ping took a look and saw that this man was two feet tall, with thick eyebrows, big eyes, broad cheeks and broad shoulders, and was powerful and muscular. He turned out to be Sima Laozuo. Hua Yuan expressed concern and said to King Ping: "Yu Shi is cunning and Yu Mansion is ferocious. Pengcheng is occupied by three hundred Chu chariots and three thousand guards. They are very powerful. Although Sima is highly skilled, bold, strong and brave, he may not be able to defeat him." "Win." Lao Zuo said logically: "Yu Shi is like a worm that eats books; Yu Mansion is like a dog that ties up chickens. What's the point? Lao Zuo is willing to surround Pengcheng with his family. If the city doesn't conquer him, he won't return!" King Ping promised. He sent Lao Zuo as the general and led 20,000 troops to recapture Pengcheng. \x0d\\x0d\ It is said that the Song Dynasty surrounded Pengcheng and attacked day and night. Lao Zuo was brave and mighty and took the lead, which greatly boosted the morale of the Song army. In less than half a month, the Pengcheng defenders were in danger. One day, Yushi and Yufu were supervising the battle on the city. They saw Song soldiers as numerous as ants, all of them bravely climbing up the ladder to the city, everyone vying for the first place. They also saw a general with a silver helmet and silver armor, a golden sword and a white horse, galloping on the battlefield. Go up and dispatch your troops and generals. A Chu general asked: "Who is this Song general?" Yushi replied: "It is the new Sima and the siege general Lao Zuo." The Chu generals discussed one after another: "The general who attacked the city was not behind the army to observe the enemy's formation, but he How can you not boost morale by galloping left and right in front of the army! From this point of view, Pengcheng is too dangerous!" But Yu Shi was a scheming man, and he said to his subordinates: "Everything will succeed but it will fail. Success, there are many examples in history, how do you know that our army will be defeated? Lao Zuo is brave and takes the lead, which is the root of his success; he is stubborn and arrogant, which is the root of his failure. "The Chu general asked: "The Zuo division seems to have a plan in mind, what good plan does it have?" Yu Shi replied: "The two armies are facing each other, the commander is in the front or the rear. Now the Song soldiers are attacking the city, and the commander is in the front. It's a big taboo for military officers to gallop in the face of arrows! I have a little plan. If the plan is followed, it's hard to say whether the Song army will succeed or not. "\x0d\\x0d\ It turns out that Yu Shi asked his subordinates to shoot hidden arrows. Shooting Lao Zuo, Lao Zuo was supervising the battle in front of the army. Suddenly an arrow flew and hit his chest five inches. Unfortunately, he fell from his horse and died. The Song army was leaderless, defeated, and fled in all directions. \x0d\\x0d\ The family members of Lao Zuo are in the military tent of the Song camp. There are maids, dozens of generals, and dozens of guards. Suddenly, they heard that Lao Zuo had been killed in battle, and saw the defeated army coming like a tide. All the generals hurriedly drove to protect the old lady and fled. Fight and flee. By evening, although the pursuers had disappeared in the Xuanyuan Hall of the Taiqing Palace in Luyi (where Li Peng's plaque "Hometown of Laozi" was hung), there were only two soldiers left beside the old lady. A maid and a driver came to the rescue. The general didn't dare to stop, so he walked forward in the dark, panicking and running in the southwest direction. At dawn the next day, he came to a remote village and asked the villagers how to get to the capital of Song Dynasty. They all shook their heads and said they didn't know. The generals only knew that they should go west, but they didn't know that they had already turned south. After traveling for seven days, they still didn't see the Song capital, but arrived at Chen Guoxiang (today's east of Luyi, Henan). At that time, the old lady suddenly felt pain in her abdomen. It turned out that the old lady was already seven months pregnant. In order to fulfill the promise before the emperor, the old man went out with his family with the determination to win. At this time, the old lady was defeated and the old lady felt sad about losing her husband. , fleeing to a foreign country, feeling anxious, physically tired, and experiencing fetal movement and unbearable pain. The maid was panic-stricken, and the family hurriedly stopped the car on the side of the road and rushed to the village to find an old woman. Within a few moments, she heard. There was a cry of "wow wah" in the caravan, and a premature baby boy was born. This is Lao Zuo's son - Lao Tzu.
\x0d\\x0d\ There is a disciple named Geng Sangchu, who has learned the teachings of Lao Tzu and lives on Mount Weilei in the north. After living there for three years, the folk customs in the land of Alibaba changed drastically: the men tilled the fields and had millet to eat, the women weaved and had clothes to wear, each doing their best, children and elders were not bullied, the people were harmonious, and the world was at peace. Everyone wanted to elect Geng Sangchu as their monarch. When Geng Sangchu heard about it, he was unhappy and wanted to move. The disciple was puzzled and Geng Sangchu said: "A giant beast can swallow a car with its mouth, and its power can be said to be very powerful. However, if it walks alone outside the mountains and forests, it will inevitably be caught in a snare. A giant fish can swallow a boat with its mouth, and its power can be said to be very powerful. However, If they jump on the beach, the ants can eat them. Therefore, birds are not tired of the sky being high, animals are not tired of the dense forests, fish are not tired of the depth of the sea, and rabbits are not tired of the many holes. The birds are not tired of the sky being high, and the animals are not tired of hiding in the woods. If the sea is deep, fish can hide; if there are many holes, rabbits can escape. People who want to protect their bodies and survive should keep their bodies and hide their shadows, so they don't hate being humble and mediocre."\x0d\ \x0d\ One of Geng Sang Chu's disciples, named Nan Rong, was over thirty years old. Today he heard Geng Sang Chu's lectures on health preservation and wanted to know how to maintain health. Geng Sangchu said: "The ancients said: Bumblebees cannot hatch caterpillars, and chickens cannot hatch swans. Each one has its own capabilities, and each has its own incompetence. Sangchu's talents are limited and are not enough to transform you. Why don't you go south to Pei in the Song Dynasty for advice? Mr. Lao Dan?" After Nan Rong heard this, he said goodbye to Geng Sang Chu and walked in the wind and snow for seven days and nights to Lao Dan's residence. \x0d\\x0d\ Nan Rong paid homage to Lao Dan and said, "Disciple Nan Rong, whose aptitude is dull and difficult to change, has traveled seven days and seven nights to come here to seek advice from the saint." Lao Dan said, "What do you want?" "How to maintain health." "Tao." Lao Dan said: "The way to maintain health is to calm the mind and clear the heart. The dirt in the heart is to get rid of the desire for things and the pursuit of knowledge, and then the heart will be calm. If the mind is calm, movement and stillness will be natural. If movement and stillness are natural, then there will be no worries in the mind. Therefore, when you should lie down, you will lie down, when you should rise, you will move, when you should stop, you will stop. Therefore, external objects cannot disturb your mind. , those who have achieved the Tao forget both the inside and the outside. The internal is the heart; the external is the things. Those who get rid of the desires internally, and the temptations of things externally; those who forget the internal and external, forget the internal. Desire is the temptation of external things. When you eliminate it and forget it, the inside and outside will become one, and you will reach the great road! Now, if you don’t forget to learn the Tao in your heart, you will also get rid of the desire to seek the Tao, and your mind will be at peace. If the heart is peaceful, the path can be cultivated. After hearing this, the desire to seek the path disappeared suddenly. My body and mind became refreshed, relaxed, calm and indifferent. So I thanked Lao Dan and said, "Sir, your words are more powerful than mine." Annual repair. Now I don't ask for advice on the great road, but I hope to receive the sutra of health preservation. "\x0d\\x0d\" Lao Dan said: "The secret of health preservation must be found in nature." When it moves, it does not know where it is going; when it stops, it does not know what it is doing. It curls up with things and flows with the waves. When it moves, it has the same virtue as the Yang; when it is still, it has the same virtue as the Yang. Its movement is like water, its stillness is like a mirror, and its response is like a sound. This is the sutra for maintaining health. Nan Rong asked. "Is this the state of perfection?" "Lao Dan said: "No. This is the beginning of clearing one's mind and entering into nature. If you enter the realm of perfection, you will live on earth with the beasts without feeling humble; live with the gods and enjoy heaven without feeling noble; do nothing new and innovative; stop thinking about strategies; work without laboring and hurting the mind; come without knowing what you want. I don't know what I want. Nan Rong asked: "Is this the end?" "Lao Dan said. "Wei Ye. The body standing between heaven and earth is like a dead branch; the mind inside the body is like ashes of a charred leaf. In this way, the red sun is scorching but you don't feel the heat, the ice and snow cover you don't feel the cold, the sword and halberd can't hurt you, and the tiger and leopard can't harm you. Therefore, neither misfortunes nor blessings will come. There is no misfortune or blessing, and all pain and joy are forgotten. "\x0d\ Re-taught Confucius\x0d\\x0d\ It is said that Confucius and Lao Dan were separated. In the blink of an eye, it was seventeen or eighteen years. At the age of fifty-one, he still had not learned the Tao. I heard that Lao Dan returned to Song Guopei to live in seclusion. , I specially brought my disciples to visit Laozi. \x0d\\x0d\ When I saw Confucius coming, I asked him in the main room: After more than ten years of separation, I heard that you have become a great sage in the north. Why do you want to teach me?" Confucius said: "My disciple is not talented, but he has been wandering for ten years and has not entered the gate of the great road." Laozi said: "If you want to see the great road, you must first travel. The mind is at the beginning of things. Within the heaven and earth, outside the universe, the people in the world, the sun, the moon, the mountains and the rivers all have different shapes and properties. They all rise and die according to nature, and they all move and stop according to nature.
To know that they are different is to see their appearance; to know that they are all the same is to know their origin. If you put aside the differences and observe the similarities, you can wander back to the beginning of things. In the beginning, things were mixed into one, formless, sexless, and no different. Confucius asked: "Seeing the same thing, what joy is there?" Lao Tzu said: "Looking at the similarities, all things are in harmony." I am equal to all things, and equal to right and wrong. Therefore, life and death can be regarded as day and night, misfortunes and blessings are the same, good and bad are equal, there is no high or low, no honor or disgrace, the heart is like an ancient well, I go my own way and enjoy myself, where can I not be happy? "\x0d\\x0d\ When Confucius heard this, he observed that his body seemed useless, and his honor and name were like dung. Think about what form you had before your next life? What honor and fame did you have? What kind of skin will you have after your death? What is noble and humble? Then the desire to seek benevolence and righteousness and spread etiquette suddenly disappears, and I feel relieved, carefree, and leisurely." Laozi continued: "The Tao is as deep as the sea, as tall as the mountains, and it is everywhere in the universe. , the flow is endless, but nothing is not available, seeking it cannot be obtained, and discussing it cannot be achieved! The Taoist is the one who gives birth to the heaven and the earth without decay, and supports all things without shortage; the sky can get it high, and the earth can get it. And thick, the sun and the moon get it and move, the four seasons get it and order it, and all things get their shape. "When Confucius heard it, he felt like soaring in the clouds, like diving into the sea, like entering the mountains and forests, like clear objects, heaven and self merged. One body, oneself is all things, all things are oneself, my heart is relaxed and joyful, I can't help but admire: "It's so vast! So vast! Boundless! In my fifty-one years in this world, I only know benevolence, righteousness and etiquette. How could I know that the universe is so vast and empty!" Have a good time, talk about it again! Talk about it again? Seeing that Confucius has entered the gate of the Great Way, Laozi talked eloquently: "A sage does not betray when things happen, does not keep when things change, goes with the flow, and does things naturally. Those who are harmonious and adaptable are virtuous people; those who are adaptable to the situation are those who have attained the Tao. "When Confucius heard this, he thought that if the clouds were floating, they would move with the wind; if the water flowed, they would move with the force. He said happily: "How leisurely! Take your time! Take a boat and drift on the sea, take a car and travel on the land. If you advance, you will advance together, and if you stop, you will stop together. Why should you use your own strength to replace the boat and the chariot? The nature of a gentleman is not different; he is good and false in nature! Wonderful! Wonderful! Talk again! Let’s talk about it again? Laozi said again: “Looking at the origin of the universe, all things are formed by the transformation of gas, and they are destroyed by gas transformation. The birth of a person is the gathering of Qi; the death of a person is the dispersion of Qi. Human beings are born in The world is like a white foal passing through the gap, and it is over suddenly. It changes into existence; the death of things changes from existence to nothingness. If there is Qi, it can be seen; if Qi is dispersed, it cannot be seen. Nothing is Qi, and everything is Qi. Therefore, life and death are one and the same. There is no immortality in the living, but is it not surprising that people are happy when they see life and sad when they see death? Human death is like breaking away from the shackles of the body, breaking away from the shackles of temperament, and leaving the temporary world. Returning to the original state. When a person is far away from his original state, he is like a wanderer who has gone far away. When he dies, he returns to his original state, like a wanderer who returns to his hometown. Therefore, life is not considered joyful, and death is not considered sad. Those who have attained the Tao regard life and death as one thing, and life is happiness. , death is rest; regard right and wrong as the same, right and wrong, wrong and wrong; regard noble and humble as one, base is not base, noble is not noble; honor and disgrace are equal, honor is not honor, and disgrace is not disgrace. Why? Standing on the Dao, observing the fundamentals of things, life and death, right and wrong, honor and disgrace are all human-made values, and they are all the same and indistinguishable. Without lingering in my heart, the sun and the moon alternated, the heaven and the earth shook, the wind roared, the tsunami, the thunder and the lightning, but remained calm. "\x0d\\x0d\ When Confucius heard this, he felt that he was a magpie flying on the branches; he felt that he was a fish. , wandering around the rivers and lakes: I feel like a bee, collecting nectar from the flowers; I feel like a human being, seeking the truth from Lao Dan. He couldn't help but feel relaxed and enlightened, and said: "I stood up at thirty, and I was not confused at forty. Now I am fifty-fifty and I know what nature is. If I was made to be a magpie, it would change according to the nature of a magpie. If I was made to be a fish, it would change according to the nature of a fish. Transformation, when you make me a bee, you change according to the nature of a bee, when you make me a human, you change according to the nature of a bee. Magpies, fishes, bees, and people are different, but they change according to the nature of nature. Change according to the nature, that is, follow the way; Standing in the midst of differences and wandering in the realm of great unity, you are in harmony with the great road. I seek the Tao every day, but I don't know what is happening in my body!" After saying this, he stood up and said goodbye.