Prevention is all-round, from the introduction of varieties, environmental control, feed management, drug prevention, vaccination, to the treatment of sick pigs, we must have awareness of epidemic prevention. It is necessary to observe pigs in isolation or take blood tests. Due to the limitations of conditions and technology, small pig farms may not be able to do it, but large and medium-sized pig farms cannot be ignored. Environmental control is the source of disease prevention. Large pig farms are doing well, but small pig farms are not doing well enough. There are dead ends in environmental disinfection, loopholes in air disinfection, and free-range households don't even disinfect at all. From a dialectical point of view, under the condition of ensuring fresh air, properly reducing the disinfection density can not only save money and manpower, but also stimulate the autoimmune function of pigs.
The problem of feed is mainly the composition of homologous animal feed. From the analysis of clinical symptoms and anatomical lesions, many pig diseases prevalent in 2006 belong to secondary or primary cases of circovirus. In addition to influenza and other causes, the invasion of food-borne pathogens may be the biggest suspect. A large number of homologous animal slaughter wastes such as plasma protein powder, blood cell protein powder and intestinal membrane protein powder are used in suckling pig feed and piglet feed, and a time bomb may be buried at any time. To solve this problem completely, feed production enterprises need to strengthen self-discipline.
Drug prevention and immunization are very important and indispensable, but there is a problem of "degree" here. Some pig farms overdose and abuse drugs, and do not consider the actual situation when vaccinating. They can't wait to use all the vaccines before they can rest assured. Everything is divided into two parts Disorderly drug use will destroy the balance of intestinal flora in pigs, and it is also possible to cultivate drug-resistant "superbugs". Overvaccination can lead to immune paralysis, sometimes leading to epidemics.
The treatment and nursing of sick pigs are inevitable. Although sick pigs are the most dangerous source of infection and deadly "killer" in pig farms, active isolation, treatment and nursing can promote physical recovery, minimize economic losses and help accumulate clinical experience. The recycled pig blood also has great utilization value. Of course, there must be a limit to the input of drugs, and it is not worthwhile to invest beyond its due value. If reasonable isolation treatment is not given, it will only expand the epidemic and the harm is self-evident; If we eliminate sick pigs without analysis, we will lose the opportunity to learn from them.
Dialectical relationship between big and small
Serious illness should be taken seriously, and minor illness should not be ignored. The prevention and treatment of major diseases is the core of the epidemic prevention project in pig farms, but minor diseases can not be ignored. As we all know, it is very important to raise piglets well, and the key problem is how to improve the survival rate of piglets. Generally speaking, the mortality rate of suckling pigs ranges from 5% to 25%, among which 44.8% are crushed to death, 23.6% are weakened to death, 3.8% are starved to death, 3.8% are deformed, 3.0% are hallux valgus, 3.8% are diarrhea and 3.8% are arthritis. By controlling these minor diseases that are not usually noticed, the survival rate of piglets can be greatly improved, thus improving the benefit of raising pigs. Many pig farms attach great importance to the prevention of infectious diseases, but pay little attention to the prevention of parasitic diseases. In fact, parasites can plunder nutrients, destroy pig tissues, induce bacterial infection, and even lead to death in severe cases, which reduces the growth rate of finishing pigs by 8%~ 15% and the feed utilization rate by 13%~25%.
The big pig is the key, and the little pig is the foundation. Pig production is a continuous process, connecting with each other and connecting the past with the future, and any link can not be ignored. In the piglet stage, we should promote development, but follow the basic law of gradual progress, provide comprehensive nutrition and promote coordinated development. Some farmers often feed piglets with feed with high nutritional concentration, such as goat milk, peanut milk and millet porridge. In order to adjust the taste of feed, broth, shrimp paste, etc. All of them are added, and the necessary roughage is not paid attention to, and the feeding ability is not exercised, which may not only cause waste, but also easily cause stress in the transitional stage of feed and affect the growth and development in the refueling stage. In the big pig stage, the main task is to promote weight gain, but it is necessary to make rational use of feed, correctly handle the relationship between long meat and long fat, and properly adjust nutrition to meet the needs of consumers.
Patience in big things, care in small things. In order to ensure good benefits, pig farms should be carefully managed from the aspects of variety selection, resource utilization, ration preparation, environmental control, fattening system and management measures. While patiently doing all the work, don't forget to do the small work carefully. Daily disinfection with quicklime and plant ash costs less and gains more. In hot season, feeding some watermelon skin to pigs can also help clear away heat and stimulate appetite without capital investment; Pay attention to improving the trough height and feed addition mode to reduce feed waste. Daily management matters, big, medium and small, small contains big, big contains small, and the income will be high.
Dialectical relationship between soil and ocean
Local breeding pigs are widely distributed and have complex breeds. After long-term domestication and cultivation, they all have the characteristics of adapting to local climate conditions, feed resources and management methods. In particular, they have good disease resistance and are not easy to get sick. Although it takes a long time to raise local breeding pigs, the benefits are relatively low, but a more extensive management mode can be adopted to make full use of local feed resources, including wild feed, crop straws, agricultural and sideline products and so on. Less investment and obvious benefits. Coupled with good meat quality, it is very popular with consumers, and the price is naturally higher than that of foreign pigs. Even if the production cycle is longer, there are still accounts to be calculated. In recent years, many free-range farmers have achieved good benefits by breeding local pigs. At present, the biggest disadvantage is that in many places, in the process of breeding improvement by using foreign pigs, the pedigree is chaotic, and there are few local pigs that really do not contain foreign pedigree.
The varieties introduced from abroad are large in size, high in meat yield and fast in growth and development. Hybrid pigs formed by improving local varieties with foreign varieties have high lean meat rate and fast growth, and can be released in six months generally, which greatly improves the benefits. However, rapid growth requires higher management conditions, especially the feed rich in protein. If the feed conditions can not meet the requirements, the growth rate is not as fast as that of local pigs. Because pigs grow fast, their autoimmune function cannot be improved synchronously, and their disease resistance is poor. If the management level fails to meet the requirements, the morbidity and mortality are high. Comparatively speaking, one foreign and one soil binary hybrid pig is suitable for small pig farms and free-range households, and two foreign and one soil "foreign ternary" and "soil ternary" hybrid pigs are more suitable for large and medium-sized standardized pig farms.
In a word, no matter whether you raise local pigs or foreign pigs, you should adjust measures to local conditions and suit the time, and you can't blindly follow the trend and blindly follow the trend, so as to obtain ideal income.
Dialectical relationship between expensive and cheap
Many free-range households seem to adapt to the market, but in fact they violate the market rules: when pork prices rise, they start to raise a large number of pigs, and when pork prices fall, breeding pigs begin to be eliminated crazily. In fact, the price of pork is closely related to many factors. After May 2007, pork prices soared nationwide. Many people thought that raising pigs at this time would definitely make a lot of money, and some pig farmers began to expand the scale of raising pigs.
In fact, there are many reasons for the rise in pork prices. Previously, the emergence of highly pathogenic porcine blue ear disease and other epidemics led to a decrease in the number of pigs, a decrease in the survival rate of piglets and an increase in the risk of raising pigs. Feed prices soared, drug input increased, labor costs jumped, and the benefits of raising pigs were greatly reduced. According to the survey in Guangdong Province, in mid-May 2007, the feed cost of pig industry increased by nearly 25% compared with the same period of last year, and the feed cost accounted for more than 70% of the cost of live pigs. In the same period, the input of veterinary drugs increased by 40%~50%, and the labor and environmental protection costs also increased significantly. In this way, the production cost of pigs jumped from 8.5 yuan to 10 yuan per kilogram, and the price of piglets reached 12 yuan ~ 13 yuan per kilogram. Therefore, although the purchase price of fattening pigs exceeded per kilogram 10 yuan, the actual profit did not increase much, and some even lost money.
Using the method of reverse thinking, the pig market has been in a long-term downturn since February 2006, and the price of ternary pigs has been maintained at 6.5 yuan ~7 yuan and 5.5 yuan ~6 yuan per kilogram, which is close to the break-even line, which has seriously dampened the enthusiasm of pig farmers. After a period of time, free-range farmers gradually lost confidence and began to eliminate breeding pigs and sell piglets, which actually laid the groundwork for the subsequent increase in pig prices. Obviously, if we can buy breeding pigs and piglets at a low price when the pig price is low, and sell piglets and fattening pigs at the peak price, we can occupy a lot of profit space and get better breeding benefits.
Therefore, whether it is expensive or cheap, we must have a dialectical vision, make an objective analysis with rational thinking, be good at seeing hope when the price is low, and see risks when the price is high, and don't be confused by superficial phenomena.
Dialectical relationship between circle and animal husbandry
Raising pigs in captivity is the general trend, but raising pigs in pens requires enough houses, equipment, energy, medicines, feed additives and manpower, which is a great burden for many small pig farms. The research of Iowa State University in the United States proves that small and medium-sized pig farms can completely adopt the production mode of "raising pigs on the pasture" or "raising pigs outside the house" and keep pigs on the pasture until they are listed in the warm season. This outdoor feeding system has the characteristics of high efficiency and low cost. It only needs a few simple pig houses, a fence that is easy to assemble and disassemble, does not need too much investment and has low energy consumption. The fixed cost is about 30% ~ 40% lower than that of closed pig raising, and the total cost is 5% ~ 10% lower. This way of raising pigs conforms to the physiological characteristics and behavior habits of pigs. The health of pigs is not easy to spread diseases, which is conducive to improving the reproductive rate, facilitating the disposal of feces and not polluting the air and water. Pork has good quality and high lean meat rate, which is very popular with consumers and suitable for pig farms in rural areas.
70% of the pig industry in China is supported by rural free-range households. Free-range households in rural areas mostly adopt pens for feeding. Its main advantages are that it does not occupy labor, can digest surplus grain, make full use of leftovers and accumulate efficient farm manure. But there is also a big defect, that is, serious pollution, uncontrollable epidemic situation, scale failure and low efficiency.
In some remote villages, traditional grazing and feeding methods still exist. Pigs are omnivores. Grazing and feeding can make use of all kinds of green fodder and harvest the rest of crops. Although the cycle is long, it can save a lot of feed costs. Grazing pigs have good physique, strong disease resistance, vigorous metabolism, developed muscles, less fat and tender meat, which are more popular in the market. Grazing boars have strong mating ability, good semen quality and long service life. An experienced herdsman can manage 30 ~50 pigs, which is more efficient than keeping them in captivity. Choosing which breeding method needs dialectical analysis and doing what you can.