Category: Life gt; gt; Naming
Problem description:
Which three gorges are composed of the Three Gorges?
Analysis:
Three Gorges
The Three Gorges is a grand canyon with magnificent mountains and rivers in a section of the Yangtze River. It is one of the top ten scenic spots in China. It starts from Baidi City in Fengjie County, Sichuan Province in the west and ends at Nanjinguan in Yichang City, Hubei Province in the east. It consists of Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge, with a total length of 192 kilometers, of which the canyon section is 90 kilometers. It is the essence of Yangtze River scenery and a treasure in China's landscape. It has shone with charming brilliance throughout the ages.
The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River are infinitely beautiful. The majesty of Qutang Gorge, the beauty of Wu Gorge, the precipitousness of Xiling Gorge, as well as the magic and simplicity of Daning River, Xiangxi River and Shennong River in the three sections of the canyon make this world-famous landscape gallery full of variety ----- The peaks, stacked rocks, confronting cliffs, locked in smoke and mist; the rivers here are surging, the waves break the shores, and there is no turning back; the strange rocks here are rugged, in various shapes, and look like people and things; the caves here are , strange shapes, open and deep, mysterious... The mountains, rivers, scenery and objects in the Three Gorges are all poetic and picturesque, and are accompanied by many beautiful myths and moving legends, which are fascinating.
The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River are full of outstanding people. This is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese culture, the famous Daxi culture, which shines with splendor in the long river of history; here, China's great patriotic poet Qu Yuan and the eternal talented woman Zhaojun were born here; the green mountains and clear waters once left Li Bai The footprints of poets and writers such as Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Fan Dacheng, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, and Lu You have left behind many poems that have been praised throughout the ages; the Grand Canyon and the deep valleys were once the ancient battlefields of the Three Kingdoms and the place where countless heroes galloped and fought; there are also Many famous places of interest, such as Baidi City, Huangling Temple, Nanjinguan... they complement the landscape here and are famous all over the world.
The Three Gorges is where the people of Sichuan and Hubei provinces live. They are mainly inhabited by the Han and Tujia people, who all have many unique customs and habits. The dragon boat race held every year on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month is a sacrificial activity held by the people of Chu Township to express their respect for Qu Yuan. Badong's back-loud world, the unique marriage customs of the Tujia people, and the majestic national treasure known as the crown of fishes - the Chinese sturgeon.
Introduction to the Three Gorges Project
The full name of the Three Gorges Project is the Yangtze River Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project. The entire project includes a concrete gravity dam, sluice gate, a behind-embankment hydropower station, a permanent navigation lock and a ship lift. The Three Gorges Project consists of dams. It consists of three parts: hydropower station building and navigation building. The total length of the dam crest is 3,035 meters, and the dam height is 185 meters. There are 14 hydropower stations on the left bank, 12 on the left bank, 26 electric generators, and a front-row small-wheel generator set with a capacity of 700,000 kilowatts, with a total installed capacity of 1,820 kilowatts. hour, the annual power generation is 84.7 billion kilowatt-hours. The navigation building is located on the left bank. The permanent navigation building is a double-line five-package continuous-level ship lock and an early-line first-level vertical ship lift.
The Three Gorges Project is divided into three phases, with a total construction period of 18 years. The first phase lasted for five years (1992 to 1997). In addition to the preparatory works, the main projects in the first phase included the filling of the cofferdam and the excavation of open diversion channels. Construct a concrete longitudinal cofferdam, build a temporary ship lock on the left bank (120 meters high), and start construction of a permanent ship lock on the left bank, an elevator and some stone dam sections on the left bank.
The current first phase of the project was completed after the river was closed in November 1997, raising the water level of the Yangtze River from the current 68 meters to 88 meters. The diversion open channels that have been built can withstand a maximum water flow of 20,000 cubic meters per second. The Yangtze River water transportation and shipping will not be greatly affected by this. It can ensure continuous navigation during the construction of the first phase of the project.
The second phase of the project lasted for 6 years (1988-2003). The main tasks of the project were to build the second phase cofferdam, construct the power station facilities of the left bank dam and install the units. At the same time, continue and complete the permanent special-class ship lock, upgrade Construction of ship machinery, June 2003. The dam stores water to a height of 35 meters and surrounds the Yangtze River to 10,000 counties and cities.
Zhang Fei Temple was submerged, and the rapids and shoals of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River will no longer be seen. The water surface will be gentle, and there will be no distinction between upper and lower water in the inner reaches of the Three Gorges. The permanent navigation was completed and put into use in the same year, and the first unit of the left bank generated electricity in the same year.
The third phase of the project lasted for 6 years (2003-2009). The construction of the right bank dam and power station is being carried out in this phase, and the installation of all units will continue to be completed. By then, the Three Gorges Reservoir will be a canyon-shaped reservoir with a length of 600 kilometers, a maximum width of 2,000 meters, an area of ??10,000 square kilometers, and calm water. The average water depth of the reservoir will be 10 to 100 meters higher than now. Finally, the normal winter water storage level is 175 meters above sea level. Considering flood control in summer, the altitude can be around 145 meters. There will be an increase and decrease of nearly 30 meters every year. After the reservoir is impounded, the water level in front of the dam will increase by nearly 100 meters, including some scenic spots and places of interest. Monuments will be affected to some extent. At the end of the second phase of the project, Zhang Fei Temple will be submerged: in 2006, the water level increased to 156 meters, and the mountain gate of Quyuan Temple in Zigui will be submerged; in 2009, the dam was completed, and after another three years, that is, by 2012, the final water level on the dam The altitude will reach 175 meters, the water level will actually increase by 110 meters, and the backwater will go up 650 kilometers to Chongqing. The existing tourist attractions can basically be preserved until the completion of the second phase of the project in 2003. After the entire project is completed in 2009, 39 cultural and natural landscapes in the area will be fully or partially submerged, accounting for about 13% of the tourist attractions in the reservoir area. It should be said that it will have an impact, but the impact will not be significant. Due to their relatively high altitude, the water level in the Wu Gorge and Qutang Gorge areas has only increased by more than 80 meters. The peaks and steep walls on both sides are hundreds of meters or even more than a thousand meters above sea level. Except for some ancient plank roads and caves that will be submerged in the water, there will be no other areas. Great changes. Only two sections of the Xiling Gorge area, Bingshu Baojian Gorge and Niugan Mafei Gorge, were submerged. The Huangniu Gorge and Dengying Gorge between the two dams in the eastern section still exist. Therefore, in the world-famous Three Gorges section, "Yixiu" and "Kuimen" are still majestic, although a small amount of gorge scenery and mountain scenery will disappear. However, due to the rising backwater, nearly a hundred new landscapes will be created. Baidi City and Shibaozhai will become Baidi Island and Shibao Island respectively. Many Yangtze River tributaries will form various tourism resources for us to develop and utilize. After the dam is closed, the Three Gorges landscape remains unchanged. In the future, the cruise ships traveling on the Three Gorges line can be built larger, and the cruise ships will be more stable and comfortable. The focus of the Yangtze River tourism industry will change, and the routes and journeys will include a variety of existing ones. The pattern will undergo huge changes. Maybe people will no longer worry about the advantages and disadvantages of going up and down the water, and cruise companies will not set the price difference for going up and down the water. The prime tourist area centered on the Three Gorges Dam will become a part of the Yangtze River Tourism. A shining pearl.
The Yangtze River Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project is the largest water conservancy project in the world. In June 1994, it was hosted by the United States Development Council (WDC) and held in Barcelona, ??the second largest city in Spain. At the Global Super Project Conference, she was listed as one of the global super projects. Looking around the world, from the depths of the sea to the vast space, there are many large-scale and highly technological masterpieces in human's feats of conquering and transforming nature. The project scale, science and technology and comprehensive utilization efficiency are among the forefront of world-class projects. It will not only bring huge economic benefits to our country, but also make useful contributions to the development of world water conservancy and hydropower technology and related science and technology.
Precisely because the Three Gorges is a huge treasure house of water resources, its development has great strategic significance for the construction of the country. Therefore, from Sun Yat-sen to ***, Zhou Enlai, *** and ***, When it comes to the management and development of the Yangtze River and my country's economic construction, they have shown a strong interest in the Three Gorges Project and provided active support.
In order to build the Three Gorges Project, it has been more than 70 years since the 1920s. Here, several generations of our country's scientific and technological personnel have conducted long-term research and devoted a lot of effort, and now the construction of the Three Gorges Project has finally begun.
Due to the wide scope and scale of the Three Gorges Project, there are many complex technical problems. This has attracted widespread attention from all walks of life. Amidst the support across the country, some have expressed opposition; some have concerns about the safety of the dam and its impact on the social environment and ecological environment.
Putting forward different views and opinions on the construction of this major project that concerns the country, nation and future generations is undoubtedly beneficial to the in-depth and optimized research on the Three Gorges Project.
Now the Three Gorges Project construction site is boiling. People are rushing to the Three Gorges, eager to witness the birth of the world's super dam. We wish that the magnificent Three Gorges Project will be successfully completed! We are extremely proud of the Chinese people for setting a record in the history of world engineering in the 21st century!
Sources of funds for the Three Gorges Project
The investment required for the Three Gorges Project is static (at constant prices at the end of May 1993) 90.09 billion yuan, (including 50.09 billion yuan for the hub project yuan, the reservoir area resettlement project is 40 billion yuan). Dynamic (forecast price, interest rate changes and other factors) is 203.9 billion yuan. The first phase of the project (before the river is closed) will cost about 19.5 billion yuan; the second phase of the project (the first batch of units will start generating electricity) will cost 34 billion yuan; the third phase of the project (all units will be put into operation) will cost about 35 billion yuan; the final project of the reservoir area resettlement Approximately 6.9 billion yuan is required. Taking into account rising prices and loan interest, the final total investment in the project is expected to be around 200 billion yuan. RMB 80 billion of this amount will be supplemented by revenue from power generation during construction.
Construction funds are divided into three stages: 1. Pure investment stage, from the 1st to the 11th year (1993-2003). 2. Input-output stage. In 2003, after the first batch of units generated electricity, there began to be capital income. By the 13th year (2005), the current year's power generation income plus the Three Gorges Project Construction Fund and Gezhouba Power Plant profit income reached a balance with the year's capital needs. , this year is the fund balance year. 3. Output-loan repayment stage. From the 14th year (2006) of the Three Gorges Project, the project experienced a surplus of funds and began to repay the principal and interest of the loan. According to preliminary calculations, after 2010, the entire principal and interest of the loan can be repaid. Its funding sources are mainly based in China, and it adopts multiple channels and various forms to raise funds to solve the problem.
China *** has introduced three supportive policies in terms of fund raising. First, the Gezhouba Power Plant is placed under the ownership of the Three Gorges Project, China Yangtze River Sanshaan Engineering Development Corporation, and its power generation profits are used for the construction of the Three Shaanxi Project. In addition, its on-grid electricity price is appropriately increased, and the increased revenue is also used for the construction of the Three Shaanxi Project. . The second is to collect the Three-Shaanxi Project Construction Fund nationwide by appropriately increasing the price of electricity for users according to different regions and different standards. The above two items can raise approximately 110 billion yuan during the construction period of the Three Gorges Project, accounting for more than 50% of the total investment in the Three Gorges Project. The third is loans from the China Development Bank. The China Development Bank has promised to lend 3 billion yuan to the Sanshaan Project every year from 1994 to 2003, totaling 30 billion yuan. The above three policies can raise more than 140 billion yuan in construction funds for the Three-Shaanxi Project, accounting for about 70% of the total investment in the project. This is a stable and reliable source of funds for the Three Gorges Project and plays an important financial support role in the construction of the entire project.
In addition, the units of the Three Gorges Project have been put into operation one after another since 2003, which can add new sources of funds for the Three Gorges Project from electricity sales. The remaining small amount of funds is planned to be raised from domestic and foreign capital markets. The deficiencies are planned to be resolved in the international capital market through export credits and bond issuance.
In January 1997, the State Planning Commission formally approved the Three Gorges bond issuance plan. In February of the same year, China Three Gorges Project Development Corporation issued Three Gorges Project bonds for the first time in China, with a bond issuance amount of 1 billion yuan.
Comprehensive benefits of the Three Gorges Project
The Three Gorges Project is the largest water conservancy and hydropower project in the world today and has huge comprehensive benefits.
Flood Prevention
Flood disasters have always been a serious concern for the Chinese nation. In the Yangtze River flood control system, the strategic position and role of the Three Gorges Project are extremely important.
"The Yangtze River is thousands of miles long, but the danger lies in Jingjiang River." The Jianghan Plain and the Dongting Lake Plain, which the Jingjiang River flows through, are thousands of miles of fertile land and are home to grain depots, cotton mountains, seas of oil, and land of fish and rice. They are one of the most fertile areas in the Yangtze River Basin, and are important national commodity bases for grain, cotton, and aquatic products. The Jingjiang flood control problem is currently the most serious and prominent problem in flood control in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
The normal water storage level of the Three Gorges Reservoir is 175m, with a flood control storage capacity of 22.15 billion cubic meters. It provides effective guarantee for flood control in Jingjiang River and also plays a huge role in flood control in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The specific performance is as follows:
① In the case of a once-in-a-millennium or similar catastrophic flood in 1870, after the Three Gorges Reservoir is adjusted and stored, the corresponding flow rate at Zhicheng Station will not exceed 71,000 to 77,000 cubic meters/s, in conjunction with the Jingjiang Flood Diversion Project and other The use of flood diversion and storage measures can control the water level in Jingzhou City to not exceed 45.0m, providing the necessary conditions to avoid devastating disasters for the 15 million people and 1.54 million square hectares of cultivated land on both sides of the Jingjiang River.
② The flood control standard of the Jingjiang River section has been raised from a once-in-ten-year to a once-in-a-hundred-year period. For floods similar to those in 1931, 1935 or 1954, after the Three Gorges Reservoir adjusts and stores them, the maximum flood at Zhicheng Station can be controlled. The flow rate does not exceed 56,700 cubic meters/s; without the flood diversion project activated, the water level in Jingzhou City does not exceed 44.5m. Without the use of flood diversion projects, approximately 64,000 square hectares of submerged cultivated land can be reduced. In the Chenglingji area, according to different flood management methods of the Three Gorges Reservoir, 30,000 to 101,000 square hectares of submerged cultivated land can be reduced in different years.
③ Ensure flood control safety in Wuhan area. Because the upstream floods are effectively controlled, it can avoid threatening the safety of the Wuhan area due to the Jingjiang levee bursting in the event of a severe flood; at the same time, because the Three Gorges Reservoir impounds floods, the flood diversion volume in the area near Chenglingji is correspondingly reduced, and the flood volume above Chenglingji is increased. The flood control capability is combined with the use of flood storage areas in the Danjiangkou Reservoir and areas near Wuhan, thereby improving the flexibility of Wuhan's flood control dispatch and ensuring Wuhan's flood control. Similarly, the Three Gorges Reservoir is also beneficial to flood control in areas below Wuhan.
④ Reduce the flood threat in the Dongting Lake area. Due to sedimentation in the Dongting Lake area, flood drainage is not smooth. Although the existing embankments in the lake area are constantly being raised, the flood control capacity of the polders is still low. Due to the long flood control front and high water levels that have lasted for a long time, it will be difficult to improve the flood control standards in the lake area until the flood sources in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Dongting Lake system are effectively controlled, and there is no fundamental improvement method. After the completion of the Three Gorges Reservoir, it can effectively control the upstream water, reduce the threat of lake water in the Dongting Lake area, and delay the sedimentation of Dongting Lake; it can compensate for and adjust the Lishui flood peak, reduce the flood disaster at its tail end, and provide a safe environment for the Song Dynasty. The construction of gates at Zi and other four ports will create conditions for the radical treatment of Dongting Lake.
⑤ Since the Three Gorges Reservoir has a huge flood control storage capacity, it will greatly enhance the reliability and flexibility of flood control dispatch in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, making it easier to cope with various unexpected situations. There is still no controlled flood control reservoir in the main stream of the Yangtze River, which makes the mobility and reliability of flood control in the middle and lower reaches extremely poor. With the Three Gorges Project, general floods can be captured by the Three Gorges Reservoir; if flood diversion and storage measures are needed in the event of a particularly severe flood, the Three Gorges Reservoir will also gain time to relocate people in the flood diversion and storage area and avoid casualties, which will be very significant. of.
Of course, the Yangtze River Flood Control System Project is a systematic project. In order to stabilize the Yangtze River and maximize the benefits of flood control and shipping, in addition to the construction of the Three Gorges Project and the construction of protective forest projects in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, in the Jinsha River section, Jialing River, and Wujiang River In addition to building water conservancy hubs on other tributaries, we should also adhere to the unified planning of the upstream and downstream, and the left and right banks, and implement the principle of "planning both storage and discharge", strengthen the construction of embankments, flood diversion and storage, and reservoir projects, and take the road of comprehensive management, so as to finally realize the realization of the Yangtze River Basin "Treat both the symptoms and root causes".
Power generation
The Three Gorges Hydropower Station has a total installed capacity of 18.2 million kW and an average annual power generation of 84.7 billion kW·h, which will generate huge power benefits.
1) Power supply areas of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station
The main power supply areas of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station are Central China Power Grid (Hubei, Henan, Hunan), East China Power Grid (Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui), Guangdong and Chongqing. The Three Gorges Hydropower Station will lead to 15 500,000V ultra-high voltage lines, which will be connected to the central and east China power grids in three directions: north, east and south, and a direct current transmission project will be built in Guangdong.
The Three Gorges Hydropower Station will be combined with the power station groups that have been built, under construction and planned in Central and East China, so as to combine the west-to-east power transmission and the north-to-south coal transportation, which will effectively solve the problem in Central and East China. solve the power shortage problem and greatly improve the economy and reliability of the power grid.
2) The special significance of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station to the power supply in Central and East China
Industrial and agricultural production in Central and East China are developed, but energy shortages restrict economic development. The coal resources in these two regions account for only 3.6% and 3.2% of the country's total respectively. The transfer of a considerable amount of coal from the north is restricted by coal production, especially transportation. There are not many hydropower resources in East China, and most of them with better conditions have been developed. In the future, small and medium-sized hydropower stations and pumped storage power stations will be mainly developed. 70% of the exploitable but untapped remaining water energy resources in central China are concentrated in the Three Gorges River section. According to the power development plans of the two places, by 2015, it will be necessary to add 170 million kW of installed capacity and 860 billion kW·h of electricity. After constructing the Three Gorges Project and other hydropower stations, such as Wuqiangxi, Geheyan, Shuibuya, Gaobazhou and other hydropower stations, and building nuclear power plants as much as possible, an additional 130 million kW thermal power plants still need to be built, which will be obtained from North China Energy The base transports more than 200 million tons of raw coal every year. If the Three Gorges Project is not built, more thermal power stations will need to be built, which will further exacerbate the difficulties in coal production and transportation and cause environmental pollution.
3) The huge power generation benefits of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station
The Three Gorges Hydropower Station is huge in scale and located in a moderate location. It will become the hydropower station with the greatest power generation benefits in my country so far. The huge power generation benefits of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station are reflected in the following five aspects:
(1) Supporting the development of Central China, East China and Guangdong regions
The total installed capacity and average annual power generation of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station are equivalent The construction of 13 large-scale thermal power plants with a capacity of 1.4 million kW has achieved considerable power generation benefits. The construction of the Three Gorges Project will play an important role in solving the growing demand for electricity in Central China, East China and Guangdong in the early 21st century, and will play an important role in promoting the economic development of Central China, East China and Guangdong.
(2) Conducive to the national power grid
The Three Gorges Hydropower Station is located at the junction of my country's central and western regions. The power supply distance it supplies to Central China, East China and Guangdong is 400 to 1,000km. Within the scope of economic power transmission.
After the Three Gorges Hydropower Station is fully put into operation, the Central China, East China, and Southwest China power grids can be connected into a large-scale cross-regional power system, which can achieve peak-shifting benefits between regions, compensation and adjustment benefits for hydropower station groups, and hydrothermal power plant capacity. Exchange benefits. Only the two major power grids in Central China and East China are interconnected, and peak-shifting benefits of 3 million to 4 million kW can be achieved, thus forming a national joint power system that connects North China and Northwest China in the north, connects South China in the south, transmits power from west to east, and supplies each other to the north and south. conditions.
(3) Can create considerable economic benefits
If the electricity price of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station is temporarily calculated at 0.18~0.21/(kW·h), the annual electricity sales revenue can reach 18.1 billion to 21.9 billion yuan. In addition to repaying the principal and interest of the loan, it can also pay a large amount of income tax to the state.
(4) It has a significant value-added effect
Based on the calculation of the industrial and agricultural output value of 6 yuan per kW h of electricity in Central and East China in 1990, the Three Gorges Hydropower Station can increase the country's industrial and agricultural output every year. The output value is 621.8 billion yuan, providing power guarantee.
(5) It has significant environmental benefits
After replacing thermal power with clean, cheap and renewable hydropower, 130 million tons of carbon dioxide that contributes to the global greenhouse effect can be reduced every year. , causing acid rain, about 3 million tons of sulfur dioxide and 15,000 tons of carbon monoxide, as well as nitrogen oxides, etc. It can be seen that the Three Gorges Project is also a project to improve the ecological environment of the Yangtze River.
Shipping
The main stream of the Yangtze River flows through six provinces and two cities. It has always been the transportation artery connecting my country's southwestern hinterland and the southeastern coast, and occupies a very important position in the national economy.
The Three Gorges Project is located at the junction of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It has a unique geographical location. The upper part can channelize the reach from Sandouping to Chongqing, and the lower part can increase the dry season flow of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River below the Gezhouba Water Conservancy Project. , can relatively fully improve the navigation conditions between Chongqing and Wuhan, and meet the needs of the long-term development of the shipping industry in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The joint operation of the Three Gorges Project and the Gezhouba Project will bring significant shipping benefits to the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the following aspects:
① The 10,000-ton fleet can reach Chongqing directly, and the annual navigation capacity can increase from the current 10 million tons Increase to 50 million tons, shipping costs will be reduced by 35% to 37%, and the annual guarantee rate will be more than 50%. Within the 650km range from Chongqing to Yichang, there are 139 rapids, dangerous shoals, and shoals, 25 Jiutan stations, and 46 one-way navigation sections. Although the Gezhouba Reservoir has submerged more than 30 dangerous shoals, it has only improved about 110km of waterways in the Three Gorges River section with many shoals and fast currents. About 540km of waterways are still in a natural state. Currently, only 1,500t-class fleets can operate, which seriously hinders shipping in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. career development. After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, all the above-mentioned dangerous shoals can be submerged. The waterway in the reservoir area will become a deep water channel for more than half a year. The water depth of the waterway will increase by 40%, the width will increase by 2 times, and the river water speed will slow down by 50%, which can meet the needs of the 10,000-ton fleet. Channel size requirements. After adjustment by the Three Gorges Reservoir, the annual average discharge flow in the dry season is 5,860 cubic m/s, which is approximately 2,300 to 3,000 cubic m/s higher than that under natural conditions before the construction of the reservoir. This increases the average water depth of the midstream channel by 0.5 to 0.7 m, effectively It solves the problem of "shallow water in the middle reaches and dangerous beaches in the upper reaches" and expands the passage capacity of the waterway between Chongqing and Wuhan. It can meet the needs of the long-term development of the shipping industry in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and is of great significance in promoting the rapid development of the national economy in southwest China.
② After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, due to the improvement of waterways and water conditions in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, ship types and fleets will be promoted towards standardization and large-scale development; the towing capacity per unit power can be increased from the current 0.904 to 1.207t/kW (0.7~0.9t/hp) increased to 2.682~9.387t/kW (2~7t/hp); ship transportation fuel consumption can be increased from the current 26g/(t·km ), reduced to 7.66g/(t·km). The reduction of transportation costs is very conducive to giving full play to the advantages of Yangtze River water transportation.
③ In the case of natural gas, the maximum range of flood and low water levels in the waterway between Chongqing and Yichang reaches more than 60m within a year (Wushan section), which brings great difficulties to port, waterway construction and navigation mark management. After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, the annual water level variation will be within 30m, the water depth will increase, the water area will expand, and all shoal stations will be cancelled. The cost of remediation, dredging, and maintenance of dangerous shoals will be greatly reduced, and it will provide the basis for the systematic construction of ports, waterways, and navigation marks in the reservoir area. Management creates favorable conditions.
④ The Three Gorges Project can be connected with the water conservancy project of the main stream of the Yangtze River and its tributaries Wujiang and Jialing Rivers in Chongqing, further developing the shipping industry on the main stream of the Yangtze River and several major tributaries; it can also make Xiangxi and Shennong Streams The navigable mileage of small and medium-sized tributaries such as , Daning River, Long River and Lixiang River has been increased by about 500km.
From another point of view, if the Three Gorges Project is not built and the channel is vigorously renovated, the maximum annual downstream shipping capacity can be reached to 20 million tons. Compared with the annual downstream shipping capacity of 50 million tons after the completion of the Three Gorges Project, there is still a gap of 30 million tons. To carry these 30 million tons of goods, a double-track railway needs to be built, which requires considerable investment, land occupation, immigration, and energy consumption. In comparison, it shows that the construction of the Three Gorges Project is most beneficial to improving the passing capacity.
Other benefits
① The Three Gorges Reservoir Area is economically backward, with very low per capita income and serious infrastructure shortages, and is in urgent need of development to alleviate poverty. The construction of the Three Gorges Project will invest a huge amount of money into the reservoir area, which will inevitably bring vitality to the economic development of the reservoir area. It will also have a positive impact on the industrial and agricultural production, the development of secondary and tertiary industries, the revitalization of science, culture and education, and the construction of cities and towns in the reservoir area. to a positive promotion effect.
② The Three Gorges Reservoir can store floods. After the reservoir is adjusted, the downstream dry water flow has nearly doubled, which will have a positive effect on the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Line Water Diversion Project to solve the water shortage in North China.
③ The Three Gorges Project is a large-scale comprehensive system project. It involves many major scientific and technological issues, such as large-scale equipment manufacturing, training of professional personnel, technical and economic decision-making methods for major engineering projects, and the development of the Three Gorges Project. Applied basic research on key issues (including basic science and applied science), etc. It can be expected that through the construction practice of the Three Gorges Project, the development of science and technology in our country will be promoted.