Why did the names of some celebrities change in the late Qing Dynasty?

The name of the Qing emperor is taboo, but it has a process of development and change. The first stage is smooth every day, that is, destiny, genius and Shunzhi, that is, the names of Taizu, Taizong and Shizu are not taboo. When Nurhachi took the Jinshi exam, "Nurhachi" didn't shy away from writing. During Taizong's Huang Taiji period, "Huang Taiji" didn't shy away from writing. Shunzhi's name is "Fu Lin", and I didn't shy away from it when I wrote it, but there is one item. When the names Nurhachi, Huang Taiji and Shunzhi appear in official books such as A Record and Jade Dies, the words are covered with a yellow sign, which means that they are taboo, and the words do not change. The reason is that Manchu culture was the main culture in the early Qing dynasty, and the sinicization was not very deep. Therefore, it is not particularly strict to emphasize the taboo of the emperor's name. This is the first stage. The second stage is the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Kangxi Dynasties, when they were exposed to the Han culture, especially the Confucian culture, they practiced the taboo of the emperor's name, that is, when the emperor's name was involved, they should be taboo, and they should be taboo in pronunciation and writing. For example, Kangxi, Kangxi's name is "Xuanye", which is the word "Xuan" in the Kangxi period. Anyone who writes the word "Xuan" can't write it like this. You have to take the examination of the Jinshi answer sheet, and the word "Xuan" will definitely fall into Sun Shan. How to write it? In the end, this item is taboo and taboo, and it is not written. The word "Xuan" is relatively simple, that is, a word "Xuan". Where is the trouble? That is, all the words with the radical of the word "Xuan", the radical of the word "fire", the radical of the word "jade", the radical of the word "bow", the radical of the word "Jin", the radical of the word "Xuan", etc., should be avoided. Finally, this point is called taboo and lack of this item. What should I do if Xuanye still has a word "Ye"? Kangxi's name is Xuanye, and there is a word "fire" on the left and a Chinese word "Hua" on the right. It is a traditional Chinese character. When writing the word "Xuan", the last one is taboo and missing. The last one and the vertical one of the word "Ye" cannot be written. Therefore, after Kangxi and Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, when writing "Xuan" and "Ye", the word "Xuan" must be taboo, and the last word "Ye" must be taboo. This is called the emperor's taboo, and this is Kangxi. What about Yongzheng? As we all know, the name of Yongzheng is "Yin Zhen", which is the "Yin" and the "Yin" of Zhao Kuangyin. You can't write the word "Yin" in Yongzheng Dynasty, Kangxi Dynasty and Yongzheng Dynasty, so how can you write it? The last one is taboo, and the last one is not written. What about the words "Yin", "Zi" and "Zi"? When "Yin Zhen" was formally written, the last item of "Yin" was taboo, and the last item of "Zi" was taboo, so it was impossible to write. Don't change the words that were engraved before and during the Yongzheng dynasty, because it will be endless to change them forward, that is, from the day Yongzheng ascended the throne, the words "Yin" and "Zi" will be taboo. Then someone asked why Yongzheng was called "Yin Zhen" and his brothers were not called "Yin". Yun-chan, Yun-zhi, Yun-chan and Yun-chan are all "Yun"? Yongzheng made a rule that the word "Yin" could only be used by Yongzheng. His brothers changed the word "Yin" and changed it to "Yun". Isn't that taboo? This is the Yongzheng Dynasty. In the Qianlong dynasty, Qianlong's name was Hongli, which was the word "Hong". The word "Hong" in the Qianlong dynasty could not be written like this. When I was a child, there was a school called "Hongda College", which was a developed "Da". It didn't have this point. I didn't understand at that time. At that time, it was very small, but I understood it when I was older. It avoided this taboo, and the word "calendar" was also written in another way. This is the taboo of the three emperors of Kang, Yong and Gan, that is,

The third stage is Jia Dao. Jiaqing's name is "Yong Yan" and Daoguang's name is "Mianning". At this time, Gan Long made a rule that he was ranked according to the Han nationality. Everyone knows that descendants of Confucius are not ranked! Don't the descendants of Mencius also rank first? Qianlong said that the descendants of Aisingiorro should rank first, so he gave them a ranking. Since Qianlong, "Yong, Mian, Yi and Zai" and "Pu, Yu, Heng and Qi" were added later. All sons and grandchildren of Qianlong have to carry the word "Yong", which is pushed down from generation to generation. The word "Yong" is often written and used, so it is more complicated to avoid all the words "Yong" in the world. Qianlong thought of a way to change the word "Yong" to "Gua", which is not commonly used, so it is easier to avoid it. But when writing, we have to avoid the last stroke, and the word "Yan" has to be written in a different way, which is a little simpler than the word "forever" that is completely taboo by everyone in the world. This is Jiaqing. Daoguang, Daoguang, everyone knows that Daoguang belongs to the generation of "Mian", "Yong, Mian, Yi, Zai" and "Mian". The emperor also said that "Mian" is a word that people must use in their clothes, and it is often used. If all the words "Mian" are taboo in the world, it will be more complicated. Let's change it. The emperor will change this word. In this way, all the words "Mian" in the world can be avoided, and the word "Mian" can't be written like this when you write it. When the emperor comes across this word in an essay, book or exam again, he won't write it, so he should avoid it. As for the word "Mian", he should also make a modification and become

The fourth period, namely, salt, harmony, brilliance and publicity, is known as "Yi", "Yong, Mian, Yi, Zai" and "Yi". This time, it is simplified. The emperor's name is two words, Yi, and the first word is not taboo. I just need the last stroke, so I don't write the last stroke, which is called taboo. If I miss this stroke, I can just write it as a game, which is a little simpler than the original one. After Xianfeng came Tongzhi, whose name was Zai Chun. We talked about "Yong, Mian, Yi and Zai". Zai Chun, still the first word, is not taboo, only the second word, the second word, Zai Chun's "Chun" and "Heng" read the sound, change the writing, Zai Chun's "Chun" writes like this, so as to show taboo. Then there is Guangxu, "Yong, Mian, Yi and Zai". Guangxu is a generation of "Zai", and Zai Tian of Guangxu also has a name of Zai Tian. If the word "Zai" is not taboo, the last word is taboo. How can this word be taboo? Is to avoid the last stroke. The word "mouth" is not sealed. If this word is involved in the examination of juren and Jinshi, if you write more, you will definitely fail in the examination of Jinshi and Juren. This is Guangxu. Xuantong, Xuantong is called Puyi, and the first word is not taboo, and the second word is taboo. The word "instrument", how to avoid the second word, is called taboo and lack of the last pen, and finally this one is not written. This is divided into four stages: the first stage is to follow the three dynasties every day, and the name is not taboo, but only on important occasions such as Jade Die and Record, with a yellow sign on it, and the second stage is the taboo of Kang, Yong and Gan. The third period is Jia and Dao, changing a word and keeping a secret. The fourth period is salty, same, light, Xuan, the name of the emperor, the first word is not avoided, the second word is missing the last stroke.

At that time, the emperor's taboo caused a lot of inconvenience. At that time, some people forgot to avoid it because of negligence, some were reprimanded, some were dismissed, others failed the exam, and even were guilty of criticism. However, it is also beneficial from the perspective of academic research. For example, the name of Emperor Kangxi is Xuanye, and the word Xuanye was not taboo before Kangxi, Tiancong and Shunzhi. The first taboo was the Kangxi Dynasty, so the word Xuanye appeared first. The earliest publication of this book was the Kangxi Dynasty, which would not be earlier than Kangxi. For example, you have a book called "Kangxi Shuntian Mansion Records". When was this book published? The time is different. Some people say it's from the Ming Dynasty, some people say it's from the Qing Dynasty, and some people say it's from Guangxu. How can we determine the age of this book? There are many reasons, one of which is that all Xuanye's "Xuan" is taboo, all the radicals with the word "Xuan" are taboo, and there are 7 taboos in the whole book, so it can be concluded that this book is not a book of the Ming Dynasty, but a book of the Qing Dynasty. Books of the Qing Dynasty were not in Nurhachi period, Huang Taiji period or Shunzhi period, but in Kangxi period at the earliest. This is its upper limit. What about its lower limit? The lower limit may also be Guangxu, because all the words "Xuan" must be avoided after Kangxi and before Xuantong. Then there is something else in this book. The latest time for collecting materials is the 24th year of Kangxi. In this way, the upper limit is the first year of Kangxi, and the lower limit is the 24th year of Kangxi. It can be generally determined that this book Shuntian Fuzhi is from the first year of Kangxi to the 24th year of Kangxi, and it is Shuntian Fuzhi of Kangxi Dynasty. Without this anonymity, it will be more difficult for the emperor to date this book, so scholars use the emperor's. In addition, the understanding of history is very useful. For example, the back door of the Imperial Palace was called "Xuanwu Gate" in the Ming Dynasty, and the word "Xuan" was taboo with the word "Xuan" in Kangxi Xuanye, so the Kangxi Dynasty changed it to Shenwumen. As we all know now, the back door of the Forbidden City was Shenwumen, which was changed in Kangxi. For example, there is a Guang 'anmen in Beijing, but not in Ming Dynasty. In Ming Dynasty, it was called Guangning Gate, and the name of Emperor Daoguang was Mianning. The word "ning" was a taboo of Emperor Daoguang, so Daoguang Dynasty changed Guangning Gate to Guang 'anmen, so it can be concluded that the time for changing Guangning Gate to Guang 'anmen should be in Daoguang Dynasty.