Jizhou’s domineering power has not yet been fully recovered, and the water in Zhangjiakou reaches far away from the building.
The green lotuses are hidden on the ground and clear, but the white snow in the sky is still floating in the cold.
Thousands of families have grown up in the past generation, and this state has been popular forever.
The governor opened his mouth to ask farewell guests, and he found out the good words and left them behind.
——Ming Shi Jiuzou: "Ancient Buddhist Pavilion and Chengshi"
(1) Jizhou scenery
"History of Sui Dynasty" said that the people of Jizhou "He has a kind-hearted nature and works in agriculture and mulberry trees." "Fan Zhi" says, "The fertility of Jizhou is equal to that of women. The men work hard at farming and the women work hard at weaving." It shows that the development of breeding industry has a long history. According to historical data, Xindu in Jizhou has a flat terrain and abundant fields. The farming industry was very developed in history. For example, cotton cultivation has a long history in Xindu, Jizhou. Cotton was "grown in southern Tibet" and was introduced to my country from the Tang Dynasty. "The Song Dynasty began to enter the south of the Yangtze River, and the Ming Dynasty spread all over Jiangbei and Zhongzhou." During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, cotton farmers in Shenzhen and Hebei provinces accounted for almost 80% of the farmers. At that time, they also mastered the farming technology of "one year old harvest", so It is known as the "Southern Hebei Cotton Sea". The forestry industry in Xindu, Jizhou is dominated by poplar, willow and elm trees. Most of the fruit trees are apples, pears, apricots and dates. It is said that the dates from Xindu in Jizhou are as big as pears, with fine purple lines, small cores and sweet taste. The quality of the dates is very famous in history. "Old Records" records: Thirty miles southwest of the city, there are many jujubes in the land, so it is named "Zaoshan" (today's Zaoyuan Village). Because the dates from Xindu were of high quality, they were often presented as tributes to the emperor. "Wei Du Fu" written by Taichong of the left side of Jin Dynasty once called Xindu's jujube "imperial jujube". It is said that during the Northern Qi Dynasty, the immortal Zhongsi once obtained jujube from Xindu, so it was called "Zhongsi jujube". In the early years of Emperor Yang's great career in the Sui Dynasty, "Zhongsi Zao" was presented to Emperor Yang Guang as a tribute.
The territory under the jurisdiction of Xindu in Jizhou is crisscrossed by rivers and canals, with numerous boats and vehicles. Water and land transportation are very convenient, and commerce is very developed. According to "Old Records", during the Later Wei Dynasty in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, this was the center for recruiting troops, collecting food, and raising wages to relocate the people. In Xindu, Jizhou, there are not only eight shops including Fushuidian, Zengjiazhuang, Lucun, and Tulukou, which lead to Nangong, Zaoqiang, Shenzhou and other places respectively, but there are also four prosperous big houses where business travelers gather. city. According to the "Old Chronicles", "the four forts are under the control of Ji, and they live in and trade with the state." The four Dabaozhai where business travelers gathered are: today's Tiancun, Hancun, Xiejiazhuang and Pierli. Pier Li "Yin" is about to rush to Fuchong, Jia Tianjin in the north, Xing Ciluo in the south, the boat goes up and down, collects the losses, and bridges the west gate of the village to connect to the northwest land route. Shen, Zhao, Shulu, Ningjin four counties, people's trade There is no gap. The traffic of goods is carried by carts and horses, carrying swaddling bags, and travels as far as Yuanshi, in Lushan Mountain, and from Shanxi to Taiyuan. Town." Others include today's Zhanghuai Village, which was the Zhang and Hua Towns of the Yuan Dynasty. It was connected to Nanhe in the south and Tianjin in the north. It was also prosperous for a while. Enguan Village is an ancient transportation thoroughfare. During the Qin Dynasty, transportation checkpoints were set up here to manage trade. "Old Records" records: "The benefactor is the land that was ridiculed by Xindu in ancient times. The boundary was between Yan and Qi. It is still considered the name of the township." Many villages in Xindu in Jizhou were developed by trade, such as Zhong, Dong and Xi'an stores were inns opened on the river embankment during the Han Dynasty. Due to the booming business, they developed into villages. Many villages such as Qiandian Yangcun, Fushuidian and Cangtou gradually developed into villages because they were located along the main waterway at that time, with developed commerce and a prosperous population.
Since Buddhism was introduced to China, it has had a flesh-and-blood connection with our ancient culture. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhism was advocated and temples were built. In ancient times, Xindu in Jizhou was the political, cultural, and economic center of the Northern Wei Dynasty. There were many temples in the territory. According to the "Old Chronicles", there is Taining Temple in the east of the state where Zhao Kuangyin, Taizu of the Song Dynasty, visited for leisure, and there is the Sui Dynasty Temple in the west. The Kaiyuan Temple built in the Ming Dynasty has Nanchan Temple in the south, and the beautiful Zhulin Temple known as "Ziwei Sunset" in the north. Daodao'an in the city once had ink marks by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. The Guandi Temple built in the Ming Dynasty in Jiazhuang in the north covers an area of ??more than 40 acres. There are two temple fairs every February and October, and people from more than a hundred miles away from the square garden go to the temple. The scale is quite large. There are also temple fairs in places such as the Nezha Temple in Miaoshang Village built in the Ming Dynasty, the Stone Buddha Temple in Beichuyi Village, the Jade Emperor and Three Fairies Temple in Shuangmiao Village, and the Nainai Temple in Damiaozhou Village. There are bustling crowds and tourists, and the commercial transactions centered on the temple are quite lively and prosperous. In many places, market towns gradually formed.
Jizhou Xindu has many famous cultural sites.
For example, the "Yangzheng Hall" built by Lu You, the magistrate of the Song Dynasty, was recorded by Huang Tingjian, a famous scholar in the Song Dynasty. The summer resort he built is in the west of the state. According to the "Yi Tong Zhi" of the Ming Dynasty, "Yuan Shao of the Han Dynasty was the governor of Jizhou, and Liu Song was here. Yuan Shao drank with pine trees in midsummer to avoid the temporary heat, so there was a summer drink in Heshuo." Lu Youkai was based on this historical legend. , named "Summer Resort".
Daodao Nunnery is located in the north of Zhouzhi. It was built during the Xining period of the Song Dynasty. Huizong once left his ink marks here.
"Baihua Tower" is located in the northeast of Zhouzhi and was built in the Song Dynasty. According to the "Old Chronicles", "the building is more than a hundred feet high, with bells, drums, lotus leaks, and hundreds of flowers painted on the walls." The general of the Ming Dynasty's Eastern Expedition sighed in his "Poem of Ode to Baihua Tower":
The tomb of King Zhao is covered with smoke, and the leaves beside Yuan Shao's city are sparse.
Thousands of miles of mountains are no longer my homeland, and hundreds of flower pavilions are ruins.
The Bajiao Well was built in the Song Dynasty. It is said that the water in the well is crystal clear and does not dry out all year round. It is two feet deep and nine feet five inches in diameter.
Ming Dynasty hermit Zhang Feng'ao built "Qingyin Pavilion" to rule the east of the state. In front of the pavilion, rocks are piled up to form a mountain, and flowers and trees are spread freely.
Mingzhou Mu Linwen's poem "Qingyinxuan" says:
There are thatched cottages under Ziwei Mountain, and the back alleys are filled with ladles, so they live in seclusion.
Escape from the world and work hard to cultivate new acres, inheriting only old poems and books.
The red gourds and inkstone flowers are carelessly swept away, and the green grass in the courtyard is not removed.
I am as careless as water, so who is so happy?
Ke Qian's poem "Yong Qingyinxuan" says:
The thatched house is close to Ziwei Peak, with green trees and green moss roads.
The garden only allows the bright moon to arrive, and the Chaimen is always covered with white clouds.
Tao Hongjing is far away from the Qing Dynasty, but Ruan Sizong is unscrupulous and ignorant.
I heard that the governor of Xunlianglin was visited by five horses and dragons from time to time.
Unfortunately, these cultural sites have all been destroyed during the war. The remaining cultural sites include the tomb of Zhang Er, King of Han and Zhao, which is said to be the Shuangzhong Ancient Tomb more than ten miles south of the city. According to "Book of Zhou", "King Yang of Qi Xian Fu Gaozu, ordered Xian to attack Qi Wang Ni and equal to the south of the city of Xindu Ni Zhen, Xian ascended Zhang Erzhong to look at it." According to the geographical location mentioned in the article, it is inferred that the Shuangzhong ancient tomb may be The tomb of Zhang Er, King of Han and Zhao. It is now listed as a key cultural relic protection unit at the county level. Originally, there was Zhang Er Temple and a stone tablet engraved with the words "Tomb of Zhang Er, King of Han and Zhao" beside the south gate of the city.
Zhai Rujian, a Jinshi of the Ming Dynasty, wrote a poem "Inscribed on Zhang Er's Tomb", which goes:
With a sword, the storm rises, and Longlin takes the next step.
The emperor planned to approach the Wei River and seal the land into Mount Heng.
Outside the empty moat, there are barren tombs and ancient battlements.
There are fragrant grasses and trees, and the singing birds have shut themselves up.
Zhao Gao, the magistrate of Zaoqiang County in the Qing Dynasty, wrote the poem "Zhang'er Temple Poem":
The famous people are worthy of their reputation, but their friendship is too sparse.
How can a giant deer hide in hiding?
The throne is held by red clouds, and the spiritual flag is purple and refreshing.
Who pities the river and whines and complains about Chen Yu!
According to "Old Records", there are fortifications in Jizhou. According to investigation and analysis, most of them belong to ancient tombs of the Han Dynasty. There is Zhangjia Ancient Tomb Village seven miles north of the city, and there are two tombs in the north and south in the ancient tomb village. There is a plague temple on the south tomb and a small temple on the north tomb. The soil in the tomb was impacted by heavy rain and a brick tomb was discovered. It is so majestic in scale that it may be the tomb of King Guangchuan of the Han Dynasty. It is unfathomable and no one dared to enter, so it was blocked by earth. The south and north tombs are today's front and back tombs. Fragments of silver-lined jade clothing and imperial irons were unearthed in the ancient tombs of Maenzhong and Sun Zhengli, which were proved to be tomb objects from the Eastern Han Dynasty. Now the ancient tombs of Houzhong have been listed as provincial key cultural relics.
It is said that when Yuan Shao was in Jizhou, a fairy named Li Sanniang came out of the city. She used this stone to grind noodles every weekend in Haizi outside the city. On odd days, he would take advantage of the darkness to deliver flour to the people on a sacred bull. The grinding diameter is four feet and eight inches, the circumference is six feet and eight inches, and the thickness is one foot and four inches.
Jizhou, with its own style, attracted many poets and scholars to leave beautiful and magnificent poems for it. Han Bangu wrote "Jizhou Fu" and Yang Xiong wrote "Jizhou Mu Zhen". The great poets Bai Juyi, Cui Shi and Gao Shi of the Tang Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang and Su Shi of the Song Dynasty, Wang Mian of the Yuan Dynasty, etc., all wrote immortal poems praising ancient Jizhou with their wonderful pens.
(2) Academies and academic style
"History of Sui Dynasty" calls Jizhou "good Confucianism".
The astronomer Liu Zhuo of the Sui Dynasty, the eminent Buddhist monk Shi Daoan of the Jin Dynasty, the painters Cheng Yi, Cheng Xiuji and his son, and Zhao Bowen of the Tang Dynasty (all of them were disciples of the great painter Zhou Fang), In the later Wei Dynasty, Yin Shao compiled "Four Orders of Kanyu"; in the Tang Dynasty, Zhao Juan, the minister of household affairs of Dezong, who had a literary name at a young age; in the Song and Jin Dynasties, Tian Kuang, Lu Zhongxian, Lu Duo, and Zhang Cun (Sima Guang's father-in-law); in the Yuan Dynasty, he wrote " Wang Bai of "Baizhongge", Shi Jiuzou and Wang Yuanfan of the Ming Dynasty were all literati who were listed in the history of ancient Xindu (now Jizhou) and distinguished themselves at that time. The "Book of Han" said that the scholars of Jizhou were generous, and the "History of the Song Dynasty" said that the people of Jizhou were "very courageous and righteous, and they were called Qianghe". Ma Zhen and Jing Hanru in the Five Dynasties, Zhang Tinghan, Fu Sirang, and Geng Quanbin in the Northern Song Dynasty, They are all famous generals who have resisted foreign aggression and have made military exploits. In the years of war and chaos when "the Hebei wilderness was full of wars and wars", many martial arts heroes emerged in Xindu who suppressed violence and resisted violence. For example, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Song Mailun, who pioneered the Three Emperors Cannon Punch Boxing technique, Yin Fu and Liang Zhenpu, famous disciples of Dong Haichuan, the originator of Baguazhang, and Lei Sanqun, who was comparable to Yanzi Li San, etc. They are legendary and maintain and carry forward the generous legacy of Yan and Zhao.
According to some historical records of the Qing Dynasty, because Jizhou is "a narrow place, there is not enough land for farming, but there is a lot of business. Its people can go far to seek wealth in other counties and cities, from the capital, to the province, to the north to the fortress Wealthy merchants and wealthy businessmen often hoped that the people of Jiheng would prosper and benefit the countryside. For example, in the late Qing Dynasty, Wang Ruhong, a native of Huangcun, was engaged in business and established ten offices in Beijing, Tianjin, and Zhangjiakou. The large Jia family (Jia Weishan, Jia Diansan) who were engaged in business in Gaoyang, Jinan, Tianjin and other places had a wide range of business connections. It is worth mentioning that the ancient book industry is run by Xindu people. Their footprints can be found in major cities in the north. For example, in Liulichang, a cultural street in Beijing, during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, there were Wenyoutang opened by Wei Zhanliang brothers, Zhengwenzhai opened by Tan Xiqing, Hongjingtang opened by Zhang Qingxia, etc. In their operations, they not only made great contributions to preserving the cultural heritage of the motherland, but also cultivated many bibliographers and workers who compiled ancient books, such as Sun Dianqi.
There are countless foreign celebrities who have worked in Jizhou and are famous in history. For example, Zhang Chang, the "Thrush of Jingzhao" in the Han Dynasty, Su Zhang's "two days" integrity, Jia Dunyi, the governor of Jizhou who was known as the "Dangjiao Governor" in the Tang Dynasty, and Li Xindu Ling, who was known as the "Three Orders of Heshuo" in the Song Dynasty. rush. There are also Cui Hong of the Jin Dynasty who is known as the "Jizhou Prodigy", Yuan Haowen of the Yuan Dynasty, Li Gefei who was appreciated by Su Shi, and Liu Yanshi who was friends with Li He and Meng Jiao (whose poems are known as "Since congratulating others, the world "Nothing can be compared"), Zhang Xin, the Taibu guard of the Ming Dynasty who was good at writing regular script, and Wu Rulun, a late scholar of the Tongcheng School in the Qing Dynasty who was known as the "Four Disciples of the Zeng Clan", etc., all used their outstanding deeds and profound knowledge to gain recognition in Jizhou It has left an unforgettable chapter in history.
Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, Yu Chigong and Luo Cheng, famous generals of Tang Dynasty, Liu Yong of Ming Dynasty, these famous figures in history have left many touching legends in our land of Xindu, Jizhou .
According to the "Old Chronicles", "The land of Fuji was at the turn of the Five Dynasties of the Northern Dynasties, and wars and revolutions were almost inevitable." In fact, it was not only the Five Dynasties of the Northern Dynasties. According to historical records, there were several major wars in our country's history. , almost all involved here. In the wilderness of the ancient capital of Xin, in the first year of the Han Dynasty, Wang Lang went to Jizhou and attacked Wang Lang with force. The Three Kingdoms War in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Sixteenth Kingdom of Jin Dynasty were even more frequent and violent. Shi Siming, one of the culprits of the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, was in Tianbao. Jizhou was captured in the fifteenth year; since the Song Dynasty, Khitan and other foreign powers have continued to invade and captured Jizhou several times; the Mongolian army of the Yuan Dynasty attacked the Central Plains, and the King of Yan of the Ming Dynasty swept the north, all of which caused the people here to suffer heavy military and war disasters. Suffering has made people's lives miserable.
Peasant rebel armies in the past dynasties have also ignited the prairie fire of resistance struggle here. The Bronze Horse Uprising and the Red Eyebrow Uprising during the Gengshi period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Yellow Turban Uprising during the reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, the uprising armies of Ge Rong and the Mahayana Taoist Fa Qing during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the uprising armies of Liu Heitai and Liu Liu and Liu Qi of the Ming Dynasty during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. , as well as the rebel army led by Liu Fangliang, the famous general under Li Zicheng in the Ming Dynasty, all sang mighty and majestic war songs in the fields of Xindu, Jizhou.
Zhu Yifei, the chief envoy of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Jizhou Nostalgia":
As Mount Heng goes south to Fucha, there are many wars in the wilds of Hebei.
He Liuji was loyal to Tuoba, but Zhu San was still afraid of Shatuo.
The eagles sit mourning the grass across the fields in autumn, and the horses carry ice across the river at night.
In the separatist regime, there is no need to praise people for their decline. During the Qing Dynasty, we can only listen to the songs of jujube flowers.
The setting sun has ruined the fortresses and several deserted villages, so there are old stories and detailed discussions.
When misfortune arises, a yellow scarf spreads over a giant deer, and ghosts and white bones mark the plain.
The people who cultivated the land went to the sky to spread their hope, and the summer pavilion was deserted and talked about Yuan.
Only Su Zhang’s legacy is here, so no personal favors are allowed for two days.
The picture of the historical changes in ancient Jizhou will give people a useful reference. The ancient Jizhou, exuding the fragrance of history, will also inspire people to achieve new achievements in the future journey.