The theory of ten cases originated from Eight Outline Banknotes compiled by Japanese monk Ning Ran in Yang Renshan in the late Qing Dynasty. Here I mainly discuss it according to the views of Mr. Li Shutong (Master Hongyi) and others.
When Buddhism was in ancient India, Mahayana was held by various ministries. Although Mahayana is also divided into "emptiness" and "existence", there is no other portal. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, China has not only fully accepted the Buddhist spirit from India, but also integrated it, and developed many characteristics of Buddhism in China on the basis of the vast and distant Chinese culture. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it gradually became the trend of separation of various sects.
I. School of Law (Nanshan School)
Daoxuan was founded by Daoxuan lawyers in Zhong Nanshan in the Tang Dynasty and passed down from generation to generation. According to the statutes, Chinese and Nirvana are right, Mahayana Prajna Paramita is interpreted more, and the practice of circle is learned by monks. It is also clear that the five precepts and eight precepts are right at home.
This case is based on four of the five laws, and the evil karma of body, mouth and mind is eliminated by observing precepts. The case began with Zhishou and ended with Daoxuan.
It flourished in the Tang Dynasty, declined after the Southern Song Dynasty, and is now thriving.
Second, all families (with families)
It is based on the theory of giving up everything for Buddha and carries forward the true meaning of various laws.
Hinayana and Hinayana have very detailed names, and they are both relatives of Hinayana. If you want to learn Mahayana Buddhism, you should learn this theory first, even if you learn other sects, you should take it as the foundation, and you should not neglect it for Mahayana's sake.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Chen tried to translate this theory by Sanzang, but it failed to be handed down. In the Tang Dynasty, Master Xuanzang retranslated this theory in 30 volumes, and the master made a note, which was very popular and later declined.
Third, Cheng Shizong.
Standing on realism, we should give full play to the principle of human law being empty. For Hinayana Kongzong, it is slightly like Mahayana.
This case is divided into the world gate and the first righteous gate according to the universe. The gate of the world thinks that all laws exist, and neither man nor I are yuan. I don't know that all laws are born of karma, and if they leave karma, they will disappear. Although it's fake, it looks real. Then he entered the first righteous gate, saying that people are empty, and the five meanings are illusory, and there is no one, so people are empty. There are five kinds of laws, but there are pseudonyms and no entities, which is called empty law view. The deep reason for the emptiness of the two people has been obvious so far.
During the Six Dynasties, it reached its peak (this case was handed down from generation to generation by masters such as Xiansheng, Daosheng and Fayun), and then declined. After the Tang Dynasty, there were fewer literati.
The above two cases are based on two books, which spread from India to Middle Earth. Although it is called a sect, it is nothing more than the inheritance and acceptance of the dichotomy.
The above two cases belong to Hinayana, and the following seven cases are all Mahayana, and the method is between big and small.
Four or three schools of thought (sex school and empty school)
Three theorists, namely, the theory of the middle, the theory of the hundred, and the theory of the twelve gates (the theory of the hundred, created by the Buddha of Russia and Japan, broke the evil in the world to show that everything was right. Twelve doctrines were created by Dragon Tree Bodhisattva. The former broke the mystery of the connection between Mahayana and the two religions, while the latter broke the false insistence of Mahayana, thus showing the true meaning of Mahayana. During Yao Qin's reign, Master Sanzang of Qiuci Kumarajiva came here to preach.
In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, it declined.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Faxiangzong (only know sects, love sects, have sects)
The Buddhist sutra theory on which this case is based is an interpretation of esoteric sutras and a theory of practitioners. Tang Xuanzang's master, Hong Sheng. Combined with the explanation of "Ode to Thirty Knowledge" written by the top ten Indian theorists, it has been compiled into ten volumes of Epistemology, which is a famous classic. This case is the most important. No matter which one you study, you must learn it first.
Its teaching is all things in the universe, which changes because of knowledge, and the three realms are idealistic, and it is impossible outside the heart; We only look for phenomena, but we don't know that this is an image that we have changed from our hearts, not a real scene, which is very confusing.
After the middle Tang Dynasty, it declined and revived, and scholars flourished.
Both of the above situations existed in ancient India, that is, the so-called "empty" school and the "there" school.
Six, Tiantai Sect (Fahua Sect)
During the Six Dynasties, this place was established (starting from Huiwen in the Northern Qi Dynasty and spreading to Huisi), with Beijing Station on the right. It reached its peak in the Master of the Wise in the Sui Dynasty.
Sui and Tang dynasties flourished and never declined.
Seven, Hua Yanzong (Xian Shouzong)
In the early Tang Dynasty (Du Shun, a monk who followed the Confucian Classics, was the ancestor of this sect, followed by Yan Zhi and Fazang), this land was built on the Huayan Classics. From time to time, the Tang Xianshou Buddhist school flourished, and from time to time, the cool Buddhist school came prepared. This case is the most extensive, and it is called Jiaohai in all classics.
Unfortunately, there are very few scholars after the Song Dynasty.
Eight, Zen
In Liang Wudi, it was spread to this land by Indian bodhisattvas. Although four cases don't write words, he knows the real body. However, sometimes it is very convenient to use words for education and teaching. For example, two Buddhist scriptures, King Kong and Lengga, are also used by this sect.
The Tang and Song Dynasties were very prosperous, but now they are declining.
Nine, tantric (Shinrikyo)
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Sanzang Xumishan and Sanzang Vajrayana were introduced into this land for the first time. Four cases relied on three books, namely, the Great Sun Sutra, King Kong Ding Jing Sutra and Su Xidi Sutra.
There are six-land, water, or, wind, air and knowledge. Four Mancha-Big, Three, French and Jay. The three secrets of body, mouth and heart are ism.
It declined after the Yuan Dynasty, but it flourished again in recent years.
Among the Mahayana schools, this school has the deepest teaching method and the most sincere practice. Ordinary people have never been poor in research, and sighing is painful. More than a decade ago, I only read Tantric rituals, but I also dabbled in them. After reading the Great Sun Sutra, I know the depth of tantric teachings and repent because of pain. I hope you will study the classics first without reading the rites, so there is no doubt.
Pure land Sect
It was founded by Hui Yuan, a master in Jin Dynasty, according to Infinite Life Sutra, View Infinite Life Sutra and Amitabha Sutra (Pure Land III). This method is very simple, with advantages and disadvantages. It can be practiced with wisdom and the Force, and success comes first, which is extremely timely. In the following season, the clan flourished. As for modern times, it is extremely prosperous.
Hinayana and Mahayana are different in these ten situations. In Mahayana, there are all kinds of differences. Here, we must not be stubborn and biased. Because Buddhism is equal, there is nothing to say, that is, the name of Buddhism is not available. Those who establish different laws from the unattainable are following all living beings in the world to promote the establishment.
Master Hongyi once cited an example, saying that there are thousands of people who are sick in Qian Qian, and their diseases are different, that is, the same disease will vary from person to person, so different medicines should be used to prescribe the right medicine. Moreover, the prices of drugs are different, some are cheap, some are expensive, and you can't abandon cheap drugs for expensive drugs. "The so-called medicine is not expensive, the more sick, the better."
So is Buddhism. What suits one's practice is the good dharma, which is the supreme magic. "It is advisable to choose people who are suitable for your own foundation to study, and one good turn deserves another."