Harbin Jihong Bridge is located at the dividing point across the Daoli and Nangang districts of Harbin City. It is a bridge over the Binzhou and Binsui railways. It is a first-class protected building in Harbin and a national key cultural relics protection unit. Originally a wooden bridge, it is the first true overpass in the history of Harbin bridges.
The Jihong Bridge is shaped like an ancient Egyptian obelisk as the bridgehead, and the tower base is rectangular. There are 24 garland-shaped decorative reliefs on each side, and two smaller bridge lighthouses are built on each. The pillars under the bridge are also decorated with lion heads. The strong and powerful steel railings are inlaid with the "Flywheel" China Eastern Railway emblem. The bridge deck is wide enough to accommodate four large trucks in parallel. It is divided into roadways and sidewalks, and there is a train track under the bridge.
Construction History
At the end of the 19th century, Tsarist Russia carried out brutal invasion of Northeast China and began to build the Middle East Railway. During the construction of the Binzhou Trunk Line, when we approached the transportation hub, we discovered that it was an overgrown wilderness and a ditch formed by low-lying land. Due to the construction of the railway, there was an urgent need to transfer the equipment and materials transported from the Songhua River to the Xiangfang area, so a large wooden bridge was built on the spot, which was named Qinjiagang Bridge at the time.
Since the bridge was opened to traffic on October 2, 1901, this wooden bridge has assumed the functions of carrying trains under the bridge and pedestrians on the bridge. Later, the wooden bridge needed repair and overhaul. According to the needs of railway development and municipal transportation, the government decided to build a permanent bridge on the original site. Jihong Bridge is a typical European-style bridge building in the shape of an arch. The designer is Vladimir Andreevich Bali and the construction engineer is Peter Sergeyevich Svilidov. Originally a steel structure, it was later rebuilt into a reinforced concrete structure. The construction cost of Jihong Bridge is only about 300,000 yuan.
Origin of the name
When the inauguration and naming ceremony of Jihong Bridge was held on November 28, 1926, the participants were Mayor Chuzhen of Harbin Special City, Director of China Eastern Railway Yemuhenov, Chief Executive of the Special Administrative Region Zhang Huanxiang, East Railway Supervisor Yu Yunzhang, and Chinese and Russian directors of the East Railway Council.
Liu Zhe, a Chinese director and then president of Harbin Institute of Technology, inscribed the name of the bridge. He quoted Du Mu's "Ode to Afang Palace": "The long bridge is lying on the waves, what is the meaning of the cloud? If the road is empty, it will not be the same." "Ji He Hong?" The word "Ji Hong" in the sentence is named "Ji Hong Bridge".
Bridge Structure
The Harbin Jihong Bridge is 51 meters long, 27.6 meters wide, has a 21.4-meter-wide roadway and 3.1-meter-wide sidewalks on both sides. The bridge deck is arch-shaped, high in the middle and low at both ends. There are symmetrical tower buildings at both ends of the main bridge. The tower base is rectangular, with 24 garland-shaped decorative reliefs on each side. Two smaller bridge lighthouses are built on each of them, and the bridge heads are connected by patterned iron railings.
The bridge does not have a single rivet or a single bolt. Vehicles and pedestrians go up, and trains go down. There are four obelisks on the bridge as bridgeheads. The obelisk is a construction technology from the New Dynasty period of ancient Egypt. The huge square stone pillar shrinks to a pointed point at the top. The pillars under the bridge are engraved with lion heads. Its architectural form and architectural style are unique.
The design of the bridge fully considers various factors such as terrain, traffic, appearance, etc., especially the needs of pedestrians. It is very user-friendly and does not feel difficult to walk on. Moreover, the bridge was designed with full consideration of the needs of urban development and reserved space for train tracks, which is very rare in China.
Cultural Relics Protection
In 1986, Jihong Bridge was designated as a first-class protected building. Jihong Bridge was identified as a dangerous bridge in 2004, but as a traffic hub in Harbin, today, the daily traffic flow of Jihong Bridge during peak hours reaches 6,000 vehicles/hour, with a maximum of 8,000 vehicles/hour. In 2008, it was designated as a cultural relic protection unit in Harbin.
In 2009, the foundation for the Harbin-Qiqihar intercity high-speed railway with a design speed of 250 kilometers per hour was laid. Jihong Bridge became an obstacle to the upcoming electrified railway. Experts proposed raising the bridge deck or lowering the rails to expand the area under the bridge. space. However, the bridge deck of Jihong Bridge and the bridge pillars below are cast as one, and the bridge deck cannot be raised alone.
In addition, according to the operating requirements of the railway department, trains must run on relatively flat rails, so the position of the rails cannot be lowered. Therefore, these two options failed to work.
Relevant departments of the Harbin Municipal Government held a reconstruction plan demonstration meeting and determined that the Jihong Bridge no longer had maintenance value. They decided to demolish the old bridge and carry out "three original" reconstructions of its original style, raw materials and original location.
However, cultural relic experts and architectural experts believe that Jihong Bridge is a very precious historical building and must be preserved in its original appearance. In the past, there have been several inspections and demonstrations on Jihong Bridge, all of which were conducted on the basis of protecting the original appearance. The opinions of the government and experts are unanimous: protect Jihong Bridge. It can be reinforced and repaired. Some experts pointed out that if its existence has brought some impact on the current urban traffic in Harbin, another bridge can be considered. It would be even more unnecessary if the Jihong Bridge is rebuilt for the construction of an intercity electrified railway. When rebuilding the Jihong Bridge, the height of the bridge arches is still a problem. Jihong Bridge is one of the first batch of protected buildings in Harbin announced in 1997. If it involves a major project such as intercity railway, no matter what kind of construction design plan there is, it must comply with the "Historical and Cultural Cities, Famous According to the Regulations on the Protection of Towns and Famous Villages and the Regulations on the Protection of Preserved Buildings and Neighborhoods of Harbin City, the original historical features must be maintained and the authenticity and integrity of historical and cultural heritage must not be compromised.
In 2009, the Harbin City Cultural Protection Department declared to the state the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units, including 25 buildings such as Binzhou Railway Bridge, Jihong Bridge, Xiangfang Railway Station, and the stone house of the former Middle East Railway Bureau. Or the site group is included in the application list.
In 2012, after three years of application, Binzhou Railway Bridge was finally selected based on the three national evaluation criteria of cultural relics having unique architectural style, good preservation status, historical value, artistic value and scientific research value. , Jihong Bridge, Xiangfang Railway Station, and the former Stone House of the China Eastern Railway Bureau were unified as the China Eastern Railway Building Group and were reviewed by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.
In June 2013, Jihong Bridge, as part of the China Eastern Railway Building Complex, was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relic protection unit. It has become a dangerous building protected by law and responsible for the main transportation functions of Harbin City. heritage bridge.
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