Ban Zhao, a talented woman through the ages
Ban Zhao (about 49-about 120), a Ji, named Huiban, was a native of Anling, Fufeng (now Xianyang, Shaanxi), Han nationality. The daughter of Ban Biao, the sister of Ban Gu and Ban Chao, and the wife of Cao Shishu (named Shou), she was widowed early. There is a record of her in "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Women". Because the "Book of Han", its eight "Biao" and "Tianwen Zhi" were not completed, the Emperor Hanhe ordered Dongguan to continue them. He was summoned to the palace several times and ordered the queen to serve as a tutor to the nobles, named Cao Jia (gū). There are seven chapters of "Female Commandments", collected into three volumes.
Eastern Han Dynasty writer, China's first female historian. Ban Zhao is the daughter of Ban Biao, the sister of Ban Gu and Ban Chao, and the wife of Cao Shishu. Cao Shishu died young. Emperor He of the Han Dynasty knew that she was a good writer and called her to work in the palace. She was known as the Cao family. His elder brother Ban Gu died before completing the compilation of the "Book of Han". Ban Zhao inherited his legacy and independently completed the seventh chapter "The List of Hundred Officials and Officials" and the sixth chapter "Astronomical Records", and the "Han Shu" was completed. In addition, Ban Zhao also wrote "Female Commandments".
The Ban Zhao crater on Venus is named after her.
Ban Zhao, courtesy name Huiban, also known as Ji, has a rich family background and is especially good at literary talent. Her father, Ban Biao, was a great contemporary writer. Ban Zhao himself was often called into the palace to teach the queen and other nobles how to recite scriptures and history, and he was respected as a teacher in the palace.
Zhao Fu, a female writer in the Qing Dynasty, "looks at the east to continue history, and writes poems and poems skillfully".
At the age of fourteen, Ban Zhao married Cao Shishu of the same county as his wife, so people also called Ban Zhao "the Cao family".
In terms of personality, Cao Shishu is lively and outgoing, while Ban Zhao is gentle and delicate. The couple can accommodate each other and live a very happy life. Cai Wenji, a talented woman through the ages
Cai Wenji (about 177 AD to 249 AD), named Yan (pronounced yǎn), courtesy name Zhaoji, Han nationality, was born in Chenliu (now Qixian County, Kaifeng, Henan Province) in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. She was a great scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The daughter of the writer Cai Yong is a famous talented woman and writer in Chinese history. Cai Wenji's nickname was Zhaoji. To avoid Sima Zhao's taboo, she changed her name to Wenji. Cai Wenji's father, Cai Yong, was a famous writer and calligrapher at that time. He was also good at astronomy, mathematics, and music. He was Cao Cao's close friend and teacher. Born in such a family, Cai Wenji has been influenced by her since she was a child. She is not only knowledgeable and literary, but also good at poetry and poetry, as well as eloquence and music. Unfortunately, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the society was in turmoil. Cai Wenji was kidnapped to the southern Xiongnu and married to the powerful Xiongnu King Zuoxian. She suffered the pain of living in a foreign land and a foreign custom, but she still had children. Twelve years later, Cao Cao unified the north. Thinking of the teachings given to him by his mentor Cai Yong, he paid a lot of money to redeem Cai Wenji. After Wenji returned to the Han Dynasty, she married Dong Si and left behind the touching "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" and "Poems of Sorrow and Indignation". "Poetry of Sorrow and Indignation" is the first autobiographical five-character narrative poem in the history of Chinese poetry.
Cai Wenji’s life was miserable. “Returning to her hometown” and “reuniting mother and child” were both beautiful things. Everyone should enjoy them, but she couldn’t have both.
Cai Wenji is indeed very talented. In a casual conversation, Cao Cao expressed his envy of the original collection of books in Cai Wenji's home. When Cai Wenji told him that all the 4,000 volumes of books stored in his home had been lost after several wars, Cao Cao expressed deep disappointment. When he heard that Cai Wenji could recite 400 volumes, he was overjoyed, so Cai Wenji wrote them from memory. Four hundred articles were published, all of which were error-free, which shows Cai Wenji's high talent. Cao Cao brought Cai Wenji back and did a good thing in preserving ancient culture. Historically, "Wen Ji returned to the Han Dynasty" has been a good story. Xie Daoyun, a talented woman through the ages
Xie Daoyun (lived around 376) was a native of Yangxia, Chenjun (now Taikang County, Henan). Female poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The niece of Xie An, the famous general who defeated Fu Jian's million-strong army in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, the daughter of Xie Yi, the general of Anxi, the second daughter-in-law of the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi, and the wife of Wang Ningzhi, the son of Wang Xizhi. In 399 AD, Wang Ningzhi was killed by Sun En's uprising army, and she has been living as a widow in Kuaiji. Xie Daoyun is knowledgeable, intelligent and able to argue. Her uncle Xie An once asked her: "Which sentence is the best in "Mao's Poems"?" She replied: "Ji Fu wrote a poem, Mu is like the breeze. Zhongshan Fu always cherishes it to comfort his heart." An praised her. She is "elegant and profound". Once, Xie An summoned his sons and daughters to give a lecture on the theory of literature. Suddenly, heavy snow fell. An asked, "What does the white snow look like?" An's nephew Xie Lang replied, "You can make the difference by spreading salt in the air." Dao Yun said, "It's not like catkins." Because of the wind. "An Dayue."
This famous line about chanting snow is widely recited by people. There is one prose piece "Praise to the Analects of Confucius" and two poems "Ode to Mount Tai" (one is "Mountain Climbing"), and two are "Poems about Songs in Songs from Ji Zhong". "Poems about Pines in Songs from Ji Zhong" expresses the emotion of the impermanence of life by singing about pine trees. .
Xie Daoyun and her husband Wang Ningzhi had four sons and one daughter. One of them was Yunzhi, Pingzhi, and Enzhi. According to the "Biography of Lieutenants in the Book of Jin". , Xie Daoyun's children were all killed in the Sun En Rebellion, so although she was born into a famous family, she was also ill-fated.
Xie Daoyun's "Taishan Song":
E'e Dongyue Gao. , The beauty reaches the sky.
The empty space in the middle of the rock is lonely and mysterious.
It is not a craftsman, but the clouds are natural. What kind of things do you have that make me move again and again?
The general’s house will last forever. , courtesy name Hongdu. His father, Xue Yun, was an official in Shu. After his death, his wife and daughter lived in Shu. His fame spread for a while. During the reign of Dezong Zhenyuan (785-804), Wei Gao was appointed as the governor of Xichuan in Jiannan, and he was ordered to write poems and wine. Later, he was admitted to Yue Ji, including Yuan Zi, Liu □, Gao Chongwen, Wu Yuanheng, Li Yijian and Wang. Bo, Duan Wenchang, Du Yuanying, Guo Zhao and Li Deyu successively suppressed Shu. She all entered and exited the shogunate as a singer and a guest of the Qing Dynasty. Wei Gao once proposed to the imperial court to grant the official title of Secretary Provincial School Secretary, which was established in the old rules. It can be realized, but people often call it "girl school book". It is unknown when Xue Tao was born, that is, when Duan Wenchang was in control of Shu again, that is, in the sixth year of Yamato. (832) to the ninth year (835). It is said that she had a relationship with Gao Pian, who was admitted to the Jiedu of Sichuan. In the first year of Qianfu of Emperor Xizong (874), the era was far different, which is obviously wrong.
Dong Xiangzhe of the Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences pointed out a few years ago that Xue Tao was one of the longest-lived female poets in China at the age of 138.
Xue Tao and the famous poets Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi, Zhang Ji, Wang Jian, Liu Yuxi, Du Mu, Zhang Hu and others all lived on the Huanhua River and made their own pink colored paper, which was copied by later generations and called "Xue Tao Jian". Dressed as a female Taoist priest, she built a poem-reciting building in Bijifang, and spent her later years in a quiet life. Wang Jian's poem "Sending Letters to Xue Tao in Sichuan" praised: "The girls' school books are by the bridge thousands of miles away, and they live behind closed doors in the loquat flowers." A talented man who sweeps his eyebrows knows a lot, but he is not as good as leading the spring breeze."
Among the female poets of the Tang Dynasty, Xue Tao, Li Ye, and Yu Xuanji are the most famous. Xue Tao, Liu Caichun, Yu Xuanji, and Li Ye are also known as Tang Dynasty. Zhuo Wenjun, Xue Tao, Mrs. Huarui, and Huang E are also known as the four most talented women in Sichuan. She is good at beautiful sentences and has some works that are thoughtful and caring about reality, which are rare among women in the feudal era, especially women of her type. She once visited Songzhou, which is close to Tubo, and has "Punishment". The first poem of the poem "I was pregnant with Wei Linggong when I went to the border" said: "I heard that the border city is bitter, but now I have come to know it. I am ashamed to sing the song to Longtou'er. " She expresses deep sympathy for the hard life of soldiers defending the frontier. Yang Shen said that it is "allegorical but not explicit, which is the beauty of the poet" ("Sheng'an Poetry Talk"). "Sikuquanshu General Catalog" also considers her " "Chibianlou" has "profound meaning" and "is beyond the reach of ordinary skirts". There are 5 volumes of "Jinjiang Collection", and one volume of "Xue Tao's Poems" is recorded in "Quan Tang Poems". . Deeds can be found in "Chronicles of Tang Poetry" and "Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty". Yu Xuanji (844-866), a poet of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, was a female from Hudu in Chang'an (now Xi'an). In the first year of Xiantong (860), she married Li Yi as a concubine and was abandoned. In the seventh year of Xiantong (866), she entered Xianyiguan and became a monk. She changed her name to Yu Xuanji and soon killed her maid Luqiao. Because of the "killing of maidservants" incident, he was sentenced to death for one year by Jingzhao Wenzhang.
Life
Born in Hudu in the fourth year of Tang Huichang (844), he was named Yu Youwei [. 1]
About five years old. In the third year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (849), he moved to Gui to study. [2]
About ten years old.
About the eighth year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (854), he returned to Hudu and met Wen Tingyun. Yu Xiaowei wrote "Selling Broken Peonies", and Wen Tingyun wrote "Inscribed on Hu Du's Residence in the Countryside" and "Chun Jin and his friends went to Pei's Forest to explore fishing rods". About eleven years old. About the ninth year of Dazhong (855), according to "Yin Hua Lu", "In the ninth year of Dazhong, Shen asked the minister to tell people about his book." Volume 6 of "Yin Hua Lu" and Volume 8 of "Yunxi Youyi" written by Zhaolin of the Tang Dynasty contain: "Shen Shangshu Xun of Luzhou was in charge of Chunwei in the ninth year of Xuanzong." It is known that Shen Xun presided over the scientific examination in this year. According to Volume 13 of "Tang Yan": "Beishan Shilang Shen (asked) the master Wen Nian, specially summoned Wen Feiqing to test him in front of the curtain." Wen Tingyun was appointed Fangshan Lieutenant after losing thousands of words. Yu Xiaowei composed "Early Autumn", and Wen Tingyun composed "Early Autumn Mountain Residence" to complement it.
Fourteen years old. In the spring of the twelfth year of Dazhong (858), Li Yi passed the first prize and wrote poems about Chongzhen Guan. He met and married Li Yi. [3]
Fourteen years old. In the twelfth year of Dazhong (winter), Wen Tingyun composed "Send a Letter to a Friend at Night", and Yu Xiaowei composed a "Winter Night to Send a Letter to Wen Feiqing" to complement it.
Fourteen years old. In the autumn of the 13th year of Dazhong reign, Yu Youwei wrote "Sending Feelings to Someone", and Tingyun matched it with "Sending Knowledge to Hujiao Villa". Youwei wrote "I heard that Li Duangong returned from fishing and sent it as a gift" and "To my neighbor's daughter" as gifts.
Fourteen years old. In the winter of the thirteenth year (859), he went to Jiangling. Composing "Spring Love Sends Love to Zi'an" on the road
Sixteen years old. In the spring of the first year of Xiantong (860), he sought relatives in Jiangling and wrote "Sisters Guang, Wei, and Pei were orphans when they were young, and Shi Yan is the author of this work... The rhyme is second to that." In the autumn of that year, he wrote "Jianling Worry and Hope to Send to the Child", "Across the Han River to Send to the Child", "Ci Yun Xi Neighbor's New House and Begging for Wine", "Sent to the Child", and "Rewarding Scholar Li to Send a Thing". He also wrote "Send to Feiqing" for help, Wen Tingyun sent "Send to Friends in Early Autumn", and Yu Xiaowei wrote "He Youren Ci Yun" to match. On September 9th, the Double Ninth Festival in Jingzhou, I was waiting for Wen Tingyun to write "Double Ninth Festival to block the rain" and "I hope my friends will block the rain but not come".
Seventeen years old. In the spring of the second year of Xiantong (861), he wrote "Festival of Willows by the River (one is a tree near the river)", "Love Letter (one is a letter of love to Li Zian)", and "Feelings of Late Spring to a Friend".
Seventeen years old. In the autumn of the second year of Xiantong (861), Youwei decided to travel eastward. Wen Tingyun composed "Farewell" written by Youwei in conjunction with "Farewell". He wrote "Jiang Xing" and "Crossing Ezhou (today's Wuchang)" while boating on the Yangtze River. He went ashore in Wuchang and wrote "Reminiscences", "Summer Mountain Residence", "Inscription on the Hidden Mist Pavilion" and "Send the Incense to the Country". Wen Tingyun composed "To Friends in the Mountains", Yu Youwei composed "Heren Ciyun" to harmonize, and Wen Tingyun composed "To Friends in the Mountains" to harmonize again. After failing to find his relatives, he entered Taoism at a young age and wrote "Visiting Zhao Lianshi but not meeting him", "Sending an Inscription to the Lianshi", and "Inscribing an Appointment as a Priest to Create Zifu Temple".
Eighteen years old. In the spring of the third year of Xiantong (862), Youwei returned to Chang'an and wrote "Evenings in Late Spring". At this time, Wen Tingyun successively received "Zugong Palace to Friends in Qin in Late Spring" and "Xijiang Yidiaosou Qiansheng" (one is "Xijiang to Friends Qiansheng"). Then he wrote "Rhyme with Friends".
Nineteen years old. In the fourth year of Xiantong (863), he served in Zhaoyi Jiedu Mansion. [4]
Twenty-three years old. In the eighth year of Xiantong (867), he resigned and returned to Chang'an to write "Instructions for Rewarding Li Ying for Returning to Fishing in Summer". In the autumn, Li Yi came to Chang'an and wrote "Zuo Mingchang from Zezhou to Beijing to send people to convey messages" and "Welcome to Li Jinren."
Twenty-four years old. In the spring of the ninth year of Xiantong (868), Wen Tingyun was commissioned to send Li Yi back to his hometown, and Wen wrote "Send Li Yi back to the east". In Xianyi Guanzhong, he composed "Two Poems on the Death of He Xin and Ji Di", and Wen Tingyun composed "Mourning the Death of Friends (One for the Funeral Singer)" to complement it. He also wrote "Mourning on behalf of others", and Wen Tingyun wrote "Sorrowing the singer with friends" to complement it. Later, he was renamed Yu Xuanji because he was a "poetry candidate". He was then arrested and imprisoned for murdering his maid Luqiao out of jealousy and wrote "Prison Works". After being rescued and released from prison, he changed his name to Yu Youxian or Yu Youxuan.
Twenty-five years old. In the early spring of the tenth year of Xiantong (869), Yu Xuanji wrote "Send Off to the Taoist Woyun", and from then on he lived in seclusion in Guozhou (today's Lingbao City, Henan Province) and studied poetry and books.
Note:
[1} Yu Xiaowei's "Three Uses Rhyme" "The fishing couple in Xiaoxiang period, Hu Du said goodbye to his family forest." Wei Zhuang (Yu Xuanji) "Hu Du's Former Residence II" "The first chapter" "Ruan Xianpo went to his fields, and when he returned to Xiangxiu, his parents were few and far between."
[2] Yu Youwei's "Xiagui Feeling of the Past" "In the past, I was a child who knew no worries, and I rode around the county leisurely on bamboo horses. He once sneaked out of Guo to watch flowers, and temporarily went upstairs because of skipping school.
"
[3] Yu Youwei met after "Visiting the South Tower of Chongzhen Temple and Seeing the Title of Xinji". He wrote "Fables" when he was getting married, and successively wrote "Playing Balls", but he was afraid of abandoning "Breaking Willows".
[4] Yu Youwei's "Send to Liu Shangshu" and "Sorrowful Thoughts"
Works
"Yu Xuanji Poems", "Weizhuang (Yu Xuanji)". ) Poetry Collection", "He Ning (Yu Xuanji) Poetry Collection", "Xiang Lian Collection", "Suspicious Prison Collection", etc.
Four poems are recorded:
"Fu Dejiang". "Bianliu" (a work of "Linjiang Tree"):
The green color extends to the deserted bank, and the smoke forms into the distant building. The shadows cover the autumn water, and the flowers fall on the fish head.
The old fish cave. , The branches are low and tied to the guest boat. On the windy and rainy night, the dream is filled with sorrow.
"Summer Mountain Residence":
I moved to this place, and the flowers have never been planted. In front of the court, there are rows of clothes hanging on the branches of the new spring.
The bamboo path is dark, and the beautiful people are sitting on the boat singing the bright moon, trusting the breeze to blow back. /p>
"The head of the river is filled with sorrow and hope for peace":
Thousands of maple leaves cover thousands of branches, the river bridges cover the evening sails, and the heart of the king is like the water of the West River, which flows eastward day and night without rest.
"Breaking Willows":
Weeping flowers to say goodbye to each other, breaking away the willow smoke in the spring breeze. I wish there would be no trees in the Western Mountains, so that people would not shed tears.
"Spring Feelings Send to Zi'an":
The mountain road is steep and dangerous, so I don't have to worry about the pain of missing people. The ice is far away in the stream and I miss the beauty of the jade.
Don't listen to Fan Ge's spring illness and wine, and don't invite leisure guests to play chess at night. Just like the pine bandits and stone alliance leaders, they are willing to meet each other late.
Although I hate walking alone in the winter, I will see each other at the end of the month. At the end of the year, what kind of gift can I give to you? A poem about the brilliant woman of the ages: Li Qingzhao
Li Qingzhao (1084 ~ about 1155), an outstanding female poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, Han nationality, Shandong. A native of Jinan, Wanyue Ci was born in Zhangqiu, Shandong Province in the seventh year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty. He died in Lin'an at the age of seventy-one. His father, Li Gefei, was from Qizhou in the Northern Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao was a famous scholar and essayist in Qilu. His mother, Zhao Mingcheng, was good at writing and writing. He was the son of Zhao Ting, the Minister of Civil Affairs. Together with Zhao Mingcheng, he worked on the collection of calligraphy, painting and stone, and compiled the "Inscriptions on Stones". His residence was "Yi'an Hall", and Li Qingzhao also named himself a layman of Yi'an. After the fall of the Central Plains, he and his husband lived in exile. , a desolate and miserable life. Li Qingzhao, who inherited his family education at a young age and was famous for his poetry and essays, enjoyed a high reputation in the history of Chinese literature. There is Li Qingzhao, and Wu has Qin Liangyu. "She lived a stable life in her early years, and her poems mostly wrote about lovesickness. After the invasion of the Jin Dynasty, the country encountered great changes, and her poems mostly expressed emotions about her lost life. Her poems and essays reflect the time and history, which is very different from the style of her poems. She is also good at calligraphy and painting, and has a general Rhythm. The existing poems and lyrics were compiled by later generations, including "Shu Yu Ci", which advocates that "ci poetry should be unique" and her poetry is also unique, called "Yi'an style". She is the only woman in Chinese history whose name is used as a crater in outer space. She has a graceful style of writing, and her artistic characteristics are as follows:
⒈ She is good at casting strong emotions into context. In the artistic image, an artistic realm of blending of scenes is created. She is also good at depicting a plot and a twist of thought to show a touching artistic conception. ⒉ The language of Li Ci is simple and novel. It is both simple and natural, novel, magnificent and expressive. She does not use many dictionaries, but she is good at using colloquialisms and common idioms to make her lyrics clear and homely, with harmonious syllables, flowing like beads, and full of musical beauty. .
“The great river has been running for a hundred generations, and the waves have rushed together, sweeping away all the heroes of the ages; the Ci Garden has been blooming for thousands of years, and a daughter flower has bloomed. "The description is Li Qingzhao.
Among the men, Li Houzhu, and among the women, Li Yian, they are very good at what they do. The former was too white, so they are called the three poets. (Shen Qujin)
Qingzhao is based on a woman, and the style of poetry is Kangyi Zhouliu. Although there are not many chapters, it cannot be saved without treasure, and it is a major lineage of poets.
("Summary of Siku")
Li Yian's Ci is unique and impressive. It originated from Huaihai and Dasheng, and Zhuyu was made many times. It is strange for a woman to have this. ("Bai Yuzhai Ci")
Yi An's beautiful poems, such as the seven-character cloud in "A Cut of Plum Blossoms": "The fragrance of red lotus roots lingers in the jade mat in autumn", they are exquisite and unique, and they are truly unparalleled in the world. (Same book as above)
Li Qingzhao in her girlhood was pregnant with spring; after marriage, Li Qingzhao and her husband were close to each other; after being widowed, Li Qingzhao spent the rest of his life alone, lonely and miserable. After being widowed, most of Li Qingzhao's poems were sad and miserable. Mrs. Huarui, the top ten talented women in ancient China
Mrs. Huarui, Fei Guifei of Meng Chang, Lord of Shu, was a female poet of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. She was a native of Qingcheng (southeast of today's Dujiangyan City), also known as Mrs. Huarui. He was good at writing at a young age, especially Gongci. Fortunately, Meng Chang, the Lord of Shu, gave her the name Mrs. Huarui. The life scenes described in his palace poems are extremely rich, and the language is mainly rich and colorful, but there are also occasional fresh and simple works, such as "When the cherries first ripened in March, my wife led me to look at the red branches. I turned back to ask for the golden bullets and hid around the tree. The poem "Fighting Sparrows" is very lively and full of life interest; her "Poetry on the Death of the Country" is also highly praised, and she is a rare talented woman. Volume One of Poems (Volume 798 of Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty).
Anyone familiar with Chinese history and ancient literature knows that talent and beauty have been incompatible with women since ancient times. Li Qingzhao and Xie Daoyun can only be described as ordinary in appearance; Yu Xuanji and Xue Tao are far less talented and intelligent than men. The only exception is a woman named Mrs. Hua Rui - that strange woman, beautiful but abandoning enchantment, intelligent and knowledgeable, with a strong memorization, understanding mountains of poems and songs and the complicated world of kings as well as looking down at the palm of her hand. texture. Zhu Shuzhen, the Talented Woman of the Ages
Zhu Shuzhen (lived around 1131), a female poet in the Song Dynasty, her first work was Shuzhen, also known as Youqi Jushi. Zhu Shuzhen's birthplace and life experience have always been said to be different. According to the "Sikuquanshu", he was "from Haining in central Zhejiang", and one said that he was "from Qiantang, Zhejiang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang)". Her ancestral home is Shezhou, Anhui (the state governs today's She County, Anhui). She was alive in the early Southern Song Dynasty and is said to be Zhu Xi's niece. Zhu Shuzhen was born into an official family. His father had been an official in western Zhejiang and his family was well off. Young Yinghui, well versed in classics and history, good at writing and painting, proficient in music and rhythm, and especially good at poetry. Known as a talented woman. According to legend, her parents made the decision to marry a grammar official. Due to different interests, her married life was very unsatisfactory and she died of depression. Her tomb is in Qingzhiwu, Hangzhou. His life is recorded in many books handed down from generation to generation as "self-titled Youqi Jushi, a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), and lived in Taocun for a long time. He worked in poetry, married as a common man's wife, and died without ambition." The theory of the Youqi layman was first seen in Wang Shizhen of the Qing Dynasty's "Chibei Ou Tan·Zhu Shu Zhen Xuanji Illustrated Notes", which has been dismissed as a false trust in the academic world. Although he lived in Taocun for a long time, the origin of the theory is unknown. In addition, various items can be found in the "Preface to the Collection of Broken Hearts" by Wei Zhonggong of the Song Dynasty. According to the "Spring Day Book of Huai" in the collection, "from the official's lack of freedom from east to west, the tears of relatives will flow for thousands of miles", it can be seen that her husband also served as an official. Therefore, it is difficult to examine the poet's life in detail except that he was born in the Tang Dynasty and was born into an eunuch family and lived an unfortunate life. During his lifetime, he compiled a collection of poems by himself ("Two Poems about Feelings", "I was bored in the lonely window, so I edited the poems and changed them for reading"), which were lost after his death. In the 9th year of Chunxi reign of Emperor Xiaozong (1182), Wei Zhonggong (Duanli) of Wanling compiled the ten volumes of Duanchang Collection. Soon after, Zheng Yuanzuo of the Tang Dynasty annotated it and added seven volumes of the latter collection (the seventh volume in one volume). The volume is divided into two volumes, making eight volumes). In addition, there is a volume of "Bangchang Ci" in circulation.
Zhu Shuzhen's poems are based on the "New Annotated Collection of Zhu Shuzhen's Heartbroken Poems" (collected in the Beijing Library) of Wang's Yiyun Bookstore in the Qing Dynasty. The school is based on Xu Naichang's Ying Yuan version of the Republic of China (referred to as the Yuan version), the Qing Dynasty Guangxu Jiahui Tang's "Wulin Wangzhe's Legacy Works" (referred to as the Wulin version), and the Qing manuscript (collected in the Beijing Library). The new collection includes a separate volume of poems.
It is said that Zhu Shuzhen’s works were burned by his parents, and later generations compiled the circulated works into two volumes of "Hanchang Collection" (poems), one volume of "Bangchang Ci" and "Xuanji Picture Notes", which were passed down from generation to generation. There are many versions.
His poems mostly describe personal love life. In the early period, his writing style was bright, his words were clear and graceful, and his emotions were lingering. In his later period, he was melancholy and depressed, full of resentment, and sentimental. Later generations called him a "red poet". The artistic achievements of his works are quite high, and later generations are often compared with Li Qingzhao.
The widely circulated "Shengchazi": "...the willow branches on the moon, people meet after dusk" is a poem that has long been believed to be written by Zhu Shuzhen. Recently, academic circles believe that it is actually written by Ouyang Xiu.
Zhu Shuzhen is very accomplished in calligraphy and painting, especially good at depicting red plums and green bamboos. The famous painter Du Qiong of the Ming Dynasty once wrote on Zhu Shuzhen's "Plum Blossoms and Bamboo Pictures": "Looking at his brushwork and words, he is clear and graceful... he is a beauty among sincere women and an outstanding woman among women." Shen Zhou, a great painter of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in "Shitian Collection· It is said in "Zhu Shuzhen's Painting of Bamboo": "Xiuge's new writing is broken heart, and the remaining ink is divided into Xiaoxiang." It can be seen that his ability is extraordinary and comparable to that of a boudoir woman, and he should be on par with Li Qingzhao. Huang Daopo, a talented woman through the ages
Huang Daopo (1245-1330) was a cotton weaver in the Yuan Dynasty. Also known as Huang Po, Huang Mu. A native of Wunijing Town, Songjiang Prefecture (now Huajing Town, Shanghai). Born into poverty, the boy was oppressed by a feudal family and lived in Yazhou (today's Hainan Island). He made Taoist temple his home, worked and lived among Li sisters, and learned how to use cotton-making tools and weave Yazhou quilts. During the Yuanzhen period of the Yuan Dynasty (1295-1296), he returned to his hometown and taught people how to make cotton in Wunijing Town, east of Songjiang Prefecture. ), spinning (spinning wheel), weaving (loom) and weaving techniques such as "staggered yarn color matching, heddle thread pulling out flowers" and other weaving techniques. As the people in Wunijing and Songjiang areas quickly mastered advanced weaving technology, "Wunijing was spread like wildfire and spread throughout the country." At that time, Taicang, Shanghai and other counties followed suit. Cotton textiles are colorful and present an unprecedented spectacle. After Huang Daopo's death, Songjiang Prefecture became the largest cotton textile center in the country. Songjiang cloth has the reputation of "clothing and quilt world". Died in 1330. The people of Songjiang were grateful for her kindness. In the second year of Emperor Shun's reign (1336), they built a shrine for her and offered sacrifices to her every year. Later, due to war, the temple was destroyed. In the 22nd year of Zhizheng (1362), Zhang Shouzhong, a local, rebuilt it and asked Wang Feng to write a poem to commemorate it. In the sixth year of the Tianqi reign of Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty (1626), Zhang Zhixiang had his statue sculpted in Ningguo Temple. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a small temple in the northwest alley of Duhe Tower in Shanghai City. Huang Daopo's tomb is located in Dongwan Village, north of Huajing Town, Shanghai County. It was rebuilt in 1957 and has a stone monument. There used to be Xian Mian Temple and Huang Dao Po Zen Temple in the southern urban area of ??Shanghai. In Shanghai Yuyuan, there is the Bazhi Pavilion, which was used as a cloth industry office during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, and dedicated to Huang Daopo as the ancestor. In Wunijing, Huang Daopo's hometown, the song "Huang Dao Po, Huang Po Po, teach me yarn, teach me cloth, two tubes and two pieces of cloth" is still sung. Qiu Jin (1875-1907), a talented woman through the ages
Qiu Jin (1875~1907), female, formerly known as Qiu Guijin, also known as Xuanqing (Xuanqing), also known as Jingxiong; also known as Danwu, also known as Jianhu Nvxia . His ancestral home is Shanyin, Zhejiang (now Shaoxing City), and he was born in Xiamen, Fujian. He despises feudal etiquette and advocates equality between men and women. He often refers to himself as Hua Mulan and Qin Liangyu. He is a heroic person, studies literature and martial arts, and likes to wear men's clothing. In the 20th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1894), when his father Qiu Xin was appointed as the Supervisor and Sales Office of Xiangxiang County, he betrothed Qiu Jin to Wang Tingjun, Shenchong, Heye Township, Shuangfeng County, as his wife. In the 22nd year of Guangxu's reign, Qiu married Wang. Wang Tingjun opened "Yiyuan Pawnshop" in Xiangtan. Qiu Jin lived in Xiangtan most of the time and often returned to her husband's house. In the autumn of this year, Qiu Jin returned to Shenchong for the first time, and recited his self-composed "Qi Ren Worry" in front of many relatives and friends who were happy: "When will the beacon fire at Youyan end? I heard that the war between China and the ocean is not over; I feel worried about the country and hatred in my empty room, "Who will change the heroine into a pocket" shows concern for the people and the country, and is respected by the local people. In the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu (1900), Wang Tingjun accepted Zi as the head of the household department, and Qiu Jin went to Beijing with the king. Soon, because of the war when the Eight-Power Allied Forces entered Beijing, he returned to his hometown of Heye. The following year, her second child, Wang Canzhi (female), was born here. In the 29th year of Guangxu's reign, Wang Tingjun went to Beijing again to resume his duties, and Qiu Jin went with her daughter. The next year, she resolutely broke through the shackles of her feudal family and traveled to Japan to study at her own expense. She first attended a Japanese language class and then attended Aoyama Practical Girls' School.
During his stay in Japan, Qiu Jin actively participated in the revolutionary activities of students studying in Japan, initiated the ***Love Association with Chen Xiefen, organized the Ten-person Meeting with Liu Daoyi, founded the Vernacular Newspaper, and participated in the Hongmen Movement Tiandihui was named "White Paper Fan" (strategist). He returned to China in the 31st year of Guangxu's reign. In the spring and summer, he was introduced to the Guangfuhui by Xu Xilin.
In July, he went to Japan again, joined the Tongmenghui, and was elected as a member of the Review Department and a member of the main alliance of Zhejiang. He returned to China the following year and founded the Chinese Public School in Shanghai. Soon, he taught at Xunxi Girls' School. In the autumn and winter of the same year, in order to raise funds for the establishment of "China Women's Newspaper", I returned to Heye's mother-in-law's house, obtained a fund from her husband's house, and said goodbye to her family and declared her separation from the family relationship. In fact, it was Qiu Jin who "since she determined to revolution, she was afraid of being implicated in her family, so she broke away from her family in order to hide her from others." In December of that year (January 1907), "China Women's Newspaper" was founded. Qiu Jin wrote articles to promote women's liberation, advocate women's rights, and promote revolution. He went to Zhuji, Yiwu, Jinhua, Lanxi and other places to liaise with the party and planned to respond to the Pingliuli Uprising, but to no avail.
In the first month of the 33rd year of Guangxu’s reign (February 1907), Qiu Jin took over as the supervisor of Datong Academy. Soon he and Xu Xilin were separated to prepare for simultaneous activities in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. Liaised with the Zhejiang and Shanghai armies and the Communist Party, organized the Liberation Army, elected Xu Xilin as its leader and appointed himself as co-leader, and planned to launch simultaneous uprisings in Zhejiang and Anhui on July 6. Due to the leak, he was arrested at Datong Academy on July 13. He calmly died in Xuantingkou, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province on July 15. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu's reign, his friends moved his remains to the bank of Xiling Bridge on West Lake in Hangzhou. Because the Qing government ordered the relocation, his son Wang Yuande moved the tomb to Zhaoshan in Xiangtan in the autumn of the first year of Xuantong (1909). In 1912, the Hunan people built the Qiu Jin Martyr's Shrine in Changsha, and Hunan and Zhejiang provinces agreed to send his remains to Zhejiang for burial in the original Xihu Cemetery. Later generations compiled "Qiu Jin Collection".
Both Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching Ling spoke highly of Qiu Jin. On December 9, 1912, Sun Yat-sen paid homage to Qiu Jin's tomb and wrote an elegiac couplet: "Edo Yadan is sincere, and the king first praises the Alliance; Xuan Pavilion sheds green blood, and I am ashamed that I have recruited a heroic female spirit." From August 16, 1916 to On the 20th, Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling visited Hangzhou and paid their respects to Qiu Jin's tomb. Sun Yat-sen said: "Before the liberation, Ms. Qiu was the first person from Zhejiang to join the Tongmenghui. Ms. Qiu will not be born again today, but the sentence 'autumn wind and autumn rain are saddening people' "Never forget it." In July 1942, Soong Ching Ling praised martyr Qiu Jin as "one of the most noble revolutionary martyrs" in her article "Chinese Women's Struggle for Freedom". On September 2, 1958, Song Dynasty titled the book "Revolutionary History of Martyr Qiu Jin". In August 1979, the Song Dynasty wrote an inscription for the Qiu Jin Memorial Hall in Shaoxing: "Qiu Jin's poems and essays include the famous line 'Autumn wind and autumn rain make people sad'. He could ride a horse and carry a gun. He once traveled east to Japan, aiming for revolution, and passed down his reputation as a hero for generations to come. "
1877
Born on November 8, 1877 (Ding Chou, October 11th, Maoshi, the third year of Guangxu) in Minhou, Fujian. A native of Shanyin (now Shaoxing), Zhejiang. In his early years, he studied classics, history and poetry, and was good at riding and shooting.
His father Shounan once served as the magistrate of Chenzhou, Hunan.
In 1896
In Hunan, she married Wang Tingjun, a wealthy gentleman in Shenchong, Heye Township, Shuangfeng County, according to her father's order.
In 1903
Wang Nazi donated money to become the head of the household department, and he followed him to live in Beijing. Not long after the invasion of the Eight-Power Allied Forces, she witnessed the depth of the national crisis and the corruption of the Qing government, and determined to devote herself to the cause of national salvation.
In July 1904, he broke through the shackles of his feudal family and studied in Japan at his own expense. In Tokyo, he attended a Japanese language course set up by the China International Students Association to study Japanese. He often participated in international student conferences and gatherings of Zhejiang and Hunan hometown associations, and gave speeches on the revolution to save the nation and the principles of equal rights for men and women. During this period, she and Chen Xiefen founded the Communist Youth League as a group to carry out the women's movement; she formed a secret society with ten people including Liu Daoyi and Wang Shize, and Qiu Jin finally broke through the feudal shackles on her body and resisted the Qing court. , the purpose of restoring the Central Plains. He also founded the "Vernacular Newspaper", signed by "Jianhu Heroine Qiu Jin", and published articles such as "A Message to China's Twenty Million Female Compatriots" and "Warning to My Compatriots" to publicize the anti-Qing revolution and advocate equal rights for men and women.
In autumn, he participated in the Triad organized by Feng Ziyi in Yokohama and was awarded the title of "White Paper Fan" (that is, military advisor).
1905
After graduating from the Japanese Language Institute, she signed up to transfer to the Qing Dynasty Women’s Accelerated Teacher Training Course attached to the Aoyama Practical Girls’ School in Tokyo, and then returned to China to raise funds to continue studying abroad. After returning to China, he met Cai Yuanpei and Xu Xilin in Shanghai and Shaoxing respectively, and was introduced by Xu to participate in the Liberation Meeting.
In July, I returned to Japan and soon entered Aoyama Practical Girls’ School to study.
Introduced by Feng Ziyi, he joined the China Tongmenghui at Huang Xing's residence, as a council member and the leader of Zhejiang Province of the Tongmenghui. While studying in Japan, she wrote many poems full of strong patriotic thoughts and full of revolutionary enthusiasm. He said impassionedly: "You dare to sacrifice your life in such a critical situation? You are willing to sacrifice your life." "With the blood of a hundred thousand heads, we must save the world."
1906
At first, he returned home angrily because he protested against the Japanese government’s rules banning international students. First, I taught as a substitute teacher at Shaoxing Women's School.
In March, he went to teach at Xunxi Girls' School in Nanxun Town, Huzhou, Zhejiang, and developed the school's academic director Xu Zihua and student Xu Shuangyun to join the Tongmenghui. During the summer vacation, he left his job and went to Shanghai. Together with Yin Ruizhi and Chen Boping, under the name of "Ruijin Society", he contacted Ao Jiaxiong, Lu Xiongxiang and other movement parties in the Yangtze River area to prepare for the uprising. After the Pingliuli Uprising broke out, she and Tongmenghui members Yang Zhuolin, Hu Ying, Ning Tiaoyuan and others planned to respond to the uprising in various provinces along the Yangtze River Basin, and took charge of the mobilization work in Zhejiang. After arriving in Hangzhou, he made an agreement with Xu Xilin, who was about to go to Anhui, to launch simultaneous campaigns in Anhui and Zhejiang provinces. At this time, she developed Lu Gongwang, Zhu Rui and other people in the new army in Hangzhou to participate in the Tongmenghui and Guangfuhui. Soon, the Pingliuli uprising failed, and the response to the uprising came to a halt.
1907
On January 14, "China Women's News" was founded in Shanghai. The purpose is to "open up the atmosphere, promote women's education, connect emotions, form groups, and create the foundation for the creation of the Chinese Women's Association in the future." She also wrote a "launch message" for the newspaper, calling on the female community to be "pioneers in the awakening of lions" and "pioneers of civilization." Xuan returned to Shaoxing because of his mother's death, and went to Zhuji, Yiwu, Jinhua, Lanxi and other places to liaise with the party. At this time, there was no one in charge of Datong Academy, so he was invited to preside over the school affairs in the name of director. So he used the school as a base and continued to send people to various parts of Zhejiang Province to liaise with the party. He himself traveled between Hangzhou and Shanghai to mobilize the military and academia in preparation for the uprising. She secretly compiled the military system for the liberation, and drafted proclamations and notices. It was agreed that Jinhua would revolt first, Chuzhou would respond, lure the Qing army to leave Hangzhou and attack, and then cross the river from Shaoxing to attack Hangzhou. If it failed, they would return to Shaoxing, and then go back to Shaoxing. Passing through Jinhua and Chuzhou, he entered Jiangxi and Anhui, echoing Xu Xilin. The uprising was originally scheduled for July 6, but was later changed to the 19th.
On July 6, Xu Xilin's uprising failed in Anqing, and Qiu Jin was betrayed by Shaoxing Kunshi Hu Daonan.
On July 10, she learned about Xu's failure, but rejected all advice to leave Shaoxing, saying that "the revolution will only succeed if it sheds blood." She dismissed everyone and decided to stay at Datong Academy. On the afternoon of the 14th, Qing troops surrounded Datong Academy and Qiu Jin was arrested. She refused to confess, and only wrote "Autumn wind and autumn rain are sad and sad" in response.
In the early morning of July 15, Qiu Jin calmly died at Xuantingkou, Shaoxing.
Attachment: Bodhisattva Man (sending a female companion)
Qiu Jin
The cold wind blew into the windows, and the curtains were hung lazily as they walked towards the corridor.
The moonlight enters the high building, and I miss the two places and worry.
The national affairs of Wu Bian Family were merged into Shuang Mo Cui.
If the plum blossoms bloom early, one should be sent!