The emergence of tribes
Tribe is a kind of social organization in primitive society, which consists of more than two clans or phratries with similar blood. Tribes have their own regions, names, languages, customs and religions, and there are institutions that manage internal public affairs. At the end of primitive society, due to the development of productive forces and the increase of population, especially due to frequent military activities, a joint organization of tribes-tribal alliance appeared.
Tribal alliances usually consist of several close relatives or neighboring tribes. In order to meet the needs of military operations, a temporary or permanent alliance was formed. Tribal alliances have their own dialects and regions. Tribal alliance strengthens the economic and cultural ties between tribes and creates conditions for the formation of the country.
Tribal production, as the first political system for mankind to enter civilization, is a political system with tribes or tribal alliances as the ruling object and "public world" as the core. Tribal system aims to safeguard the interests of people in tribes and connect many tribes into a whole. The leader of the tribal alliance is elected by everyone, and the successor of the leader adopts abdication system, mainly through blood and alliance to achieve the purpose of maintaining rule.
During the "Dayu" period, Dayu changed the previous abdication system and passed it on to his son Qi. At this point, the ancient abdication system became hereditary, and the tribal system representing the "public realm" became slavery representing the "family realm". In addition, slavery has also changed the tribal system. In the past, the rule was mainly maintained through blood relations and alliances, and the purpose of maintaining rule was turned to the army.