Talk about Bridge Names (Mao Yisheng)
Everything has a name, and some even have proper names, just like people have names. Since it is a name, it must be well named. Our country's modern bridges have been influenced by the West, and they are always named from a geographical point of view. As long as you can point out its location so that people can see it at a glance, that's enough. On railways and highways, mile markers are used as names, just like the "345,678 kilometers bridge" on such and such a road, which is really unwavering. However, the names of bridges in ancient my country were not like this. It always has a literary flavor that makes people feel emotional and unforgettable after seeing it. It may be chronicle and lyrical, arousing deep thoughts and daydreams; or it may be poetic and picturesque, making the heart relaxed and happy. In this way, through careful naming, the history, role or influence of a bridge is immediately apparent, making it easy to spread. The "worth" of the bridge has also increased as a result. Once a bridge becomes famous, its names will also increase. In addition to its official name, it also has common names, aliases, etc. Just like a person's name, in addition to its scientific name, it also has aliases, small characters, etc. Some were formed naturally and gradually among the people, while others were used by scholars to inscribe their own names. In short, it has become a custom to inscribe bridge achievements and it is also a feature of ancient Chinese culture.
The title of the bridge does not have many characters, just like the name of a person, it is usually two characters, sometimes only one character. Only one or two characters can show the characteristics of the bridge, which is the wonderful use of Chinese characters. This is due to the many allusions in our country's history and the rich idioms in literature. The wealth in literature and history greatly adds glory to the name of the bridge. However, there are many bridges, and allusions and idioms about them also serve literature and history. For example, in "Historical Records", the phrase "faith is like a tail life" comes from the allusion of bridge, and in "Afang Palace Fu", the phrase "long bridge lies on the waves" comes from the idiom of bridge. If the name of the bridge is well inscribed, it will make a contribution to literature and history. The name of the bridge is so important.
Now let’s introduce some bridge names to get a glimpse of the richness of our country’s bridge literature, which may be unparalleled in the world. Let’s talk about single names first. The more famous ones include: "Lanqiao" on the Lanxi River in Lantian County, Shaanxi, "it is said that there is a fairy cave there, which is where Tang Pei Hang met Yunying"; "Fengqiao" is in Suzhou, and Tang Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night" "Moor" poem; "Broken Bridge" in Hangzhou West Lake, Zhang Hu's poem in the Tang Dynasty: "Broken Bridge with moss and moss", Mo Zhong in the Ming Dynasty had the poem "Broken Bridge with Remaining Snow" and so on. However, the single-name bridge often refers to it in general, but it may be a proper name. Some of them are named after the material, such as "Stone Bridge". Emperor Wen of Liang Jian wrote a poem "Stone Bridge": "When I write about the rainbow, I want to drink. "The stars look real"; "Iron Bridge", Wu Zhaoyuan of the Ming Dynasty wrote the poem "Crossing the Iron Bridge": "A group of treasure rafts are crossing, and the golden ropes are eight ways open"; "Bamboo Bridge", Du Fu's poem "Viewing the Construction of Bamboo Bridges", etc. Some indicate the location of the bridge, such as "Mountain Bridge", Liang Jian Emperor Wen's poem: "Lying stone vines are used as cables, mountain bridge trees are used as beams"; "Jiang Bridge", Tang Du Fu's poem: "Mountain counties close the market early, Jiangqiao spring "Gathering Boats"; "Wild Bridge", a poem by Liu Changqing of the Tang Dynasty: "The wild bridge is broken by the rain, and the stream flows to the fields" etc. Some specify the shape of the bridge, such as "square bridge", a poem by Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty: "If you want to ask about a square bridge, the square bridge is like this"; "slant bridge", a poem by Ouyang Xiu in the Song Dynasty: "The waves are willow-colored and the blue is misty, the slanted bridge in Quzhu "Hua Ge Tong"; "Hua Bridge", a poem by Fan Yuqiu of the Song Dynasty: "The painting bridge hangs outside the willows as promised, reflecting the setting sun with a touch of red"; "Zhu Bridge", a poem by Zheng Gu of the Tang Dynasty: "The Zhu Bridge goes straight to Jinmen Road, and the pink battlements "Gaolian Yulei Cloud"; "Overpass", there are both Baodezhou, Taiyuan, Shanxi and Dali, Yunnan. Dali's "The lower part is broken and the upper part is connected, and the stone beam spans it. The two rocks are splashed with water and beads, just like plum blossoms. People call them the unforgettable plum blossoms." wait. Some are related to bridge scenery, such as "Flower Bridge", which is found in Ningde County, Fujian, Changyang County, Hubei, and Guilin, Guangxi. Guilin is known as "Flower Bridge Misty Rain"; "Liu Bridge", in the West Lake of Hangzhou, was created by Bangyan of Song Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty. Words: "When the water rises, the fish will fall over the willow bridge" etc. Some are more special, such as "Grass Bridge" outside You'anmen Gate in Beijing; "Xi Bridge" in Dongping County, Shandong Province. "It is said that Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty sealed his eastward seal on Mount Tai, and used mats to spread out while driving by"; "Gua Bridge" , Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province, "it is said that Sun Zhong set up a melon on this bridge"; "Duck Bridge" is in Shaanxi City, Shaanxi Province. "Jinqiao" was in Shangdang, Shanxi, and Tang Panyan wrote "Jinqiao Fu".
There are even more weird things, such as the "hidden bridge". In Jianping County, Anhui, "it is said that soldiers ran to Wu and took shelter in the mountains. The pursuers came here, and the clouds protected them. When the soldiers reached the bridge, the sky was dark"; "Ghost Bridge" , "Beginner's Notes" "There is a ghost bridge above"; "Red Bridge", on the North Canal of Jinshui River in Taiyuan, Shanxi, "Taizong of the Song Dynasty chiseled Wolong Mountain, and the blood flowed out to form a river, so it was renamed today", etc.
It is most common and standardized to use two characters in the name of a bridge. There are many bridges with single names, and there are many more bridges with double names. Just imagine, every bridge has a name. How many bridge names would there be in our ancient country! However, among the thousands of single and double names, there are not many that are repeated. If all the bridge names were collected , compiled into a "List of Bridges in China", it should be grand enough.
Now let’s give some examples of double names to illustrate the richness and variety of bridge names. According to the reflected content, a "Bridge Directory" can be divided into five chapters.
The first chapter is "Praise". First of all, it praises the function of bridges, such as "Anji Bridge", that is, "Zhaozhou Bridge", a "big stone bridge" on the Nanhe River in Zhao County, Hebei Province, which is unique and "a trace of Sui craftsman Li Chun"; "Anqiao", also known as "Luoyang Bridge", is used to cross the sea in Quanzhou, Fujian. "It is easy to get away by boat, and the people are in danger." "Anping Bridge" was built in Jinjiang, Fujian Province in the 22nd year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty. It is 2070 meters long and is commonly known as "Wuli Bridge". It has the old saying "There is no bridge in the world." "This bridge" legend. Secondly, there are those that praise the people who built bridges, such as "Jima Bridge", which was "built by the resident daughter Jima in Xiaogan County, Hubei Province"; "Couple Bridge", which is the bamboo cable bridge in Guan County, Sichuan, was built by He Xiande in the Qing Dynasty and was not completed. His wife continued to build it; "Ge Jing Bridge" was built in Pingyue, Guizhou, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. "It was built repeatedly by water, but the third building was completed, and a huge amount of money was spent, all the family assets were exhausted."
The second chapter is "Chronicle", which records the stories passed down about the bridge. For example, the "Wanli Bridge" is located outside the south gate of Chengdu, Sichuan. "In the past, Kongming paid a farewell fee to hire Wu here, saying that the journey of thousands of miles began here." Lu Gong of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Ode to Wanli Bridge", Lu Dafang of the Song Dynasty wrote the poem "Wanli Bridge", Du Fu's poem: "The West House of Wanli Bridge, the North Village of Baihuatan", and the poem of Zhang Ji of the Tang Dynasty: "There are many restaurants beside Wanli Bridge, and tourists love to go there." Who will stay at home?"; Su Shi's poem of the Song Dynasty: "I want to go back and look for the Wanli Bridge, the water is splashing in the wind and the leaves are rustling at dusk"; Lu You's poem of the Song Dynasty: "The carved saddle sees off guests at the Shuangliu Station, and the silver candle looks at the Wanli Bridge with flowers." "Maqiao", also known as "Shengxian Bridge", is located in the north of Chengdu, Sichuan. Sima Xiangru of the Western Han Dynasty did not want to be poor and lowly, and determined to be an official. "The title of Zhu Yun says that if a man does not ride in a carriage, he will never cross this bridge again." Tang Cen's " The poem "Shengxian Bridge": "I was riding a carriage, but I was returning from the bridge." Song Jingbo's "Ma Qiao Ji" said: "The bridge is built in the name of a horse, so the traces of Chang Qing will not be lost." "Lanting" Bridge", in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, "where the King of Jin's right army repaired the river, under the bridge there were fine rocks and shallow lava, and the sound of water continued day and night." "The Ear-washing Bridge" is located in Ruzhou, Henan. It is said that Yao wanted to cede the world to Xu You. Xu You thought he was noble and thought that hearing this would dirty his ears. The bridge is located "at the place where Xu You washed the ears". "Hu Crossing Bridge" is also known as Jiangdong Bridge in Zhangzhou, Fujian. "The bridge south of the Yangtze River is the first Tiger Crossing. In the past, when we wanted to build a bridge, a tiger carried his son across the river and rested in the middle of the river... because the site of the fort was used as a bridge." "Xiaoshi Bridge" is the "Xiaoshi Bridge" in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. "It is said that the night market was opened here during the reign of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty."
The third chapter is "lyrical", expressing thoughts and feelings through the name of the bridge. For example, "Ecstasy Bridge", also known as "Ba Bridge", is located in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. "People from the Eastern Han Dynasty saw off their guests on this bridge and broke willows to say goodbye." Because "I took Jiang Yan's farewell poem and called it the Ecstasy Bridge". Wang Zhihuan's poem of the Tang Dynasty: "The willow trees are in the east wind, and the green trees are sandwiched between the river. It has been painful to climb and break recently, probably because of the many separations." Ming Ge Yilong's poem: "Flowers fly on the bridge and water falls on the bridge, and the heartbroken people are the people crossing the bridge." "Homesickness Bridge", In Fengrun, Hebei Province, "Song Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty crossed the bridge at the north end, stopped his horse and looked around, and said calmly, I am crossing this way to the desert, and it is as safe as this water to return to my hometown... People call it the bridge of homesickness." "To Xiqiao", in Guang'an, Sichuan, "In the past, Ouyang Xiu entered Shu from Wu, and the dangerous road to Xiqiao stopped at this point." "The End of Love Bridge" in Jianyang, Sichuan, the Tang Dynasty Yongtao's poem "The End of Love Bridge" reads in sequence: "Yang'an sends guests to the Bridge of Ending of Love, and asks them why, and the left and right people say that the place to see off and welcome ends here.
"Wengen Bridge", in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, "Zhongguan was first selected and entered the Donghua Gate. There is a bridge inside the gate called Huangen Bridge... It is commonly called Wangen Bridge, because Zhongguan is rich and noble, and he must be blamed for his hatred. "".
The fourth chapter is "Scenery", beautifying the bridge and the surrounding scenery. For example, "Cuihong Bridge", in Wujiang, Jiangsu, the bridge is surrounded by a half-moon and is as long as a hanging rainbow. Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty The poem "Cuihong Bridge" says: "It is quite praised for its beauty in Kyushu, its magnificence is incomparable. "Chunbo Bridge", in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, He Zhizhang's poem said: "I have been away from my hometown for many years, and recently the personnel have been half spent." Only the lake water can be seen in front of the door, and the spring breeze will not change the old waves. "So this bridge was named. "Begonia Bridge" is in Huangzhou, Hubei. "In the Song Dynasty, begonias bloomed on the side of the bridge. Qin Guan was lying here drunk and will inscribe its pillars tomorrow." "Rouge Bridge" is in Raozhou, Jiangxi. Poyang King Xiaoyan lived a luxurious life, and the rouge water flowed out of the house, dyeing the water under the bridge red, hence the name "Yueyan Bridge". In Qingzhou, Shandong, "the quarried stone condensed like a natural stone". ", in Qishui, Hubei, "because I was lying drunk on the bridge on the east slope, there was a sentence of 'relieving my saddle and pillowing on the green poplar bridge', so I got the name." According to the preface of Su Shi's "Xijiang Moon", it says: "Walking in Qishui on a spring night... Arriving at a bridge over a stream, I untied my saddle and bent my arms. I lay down drunk for a short while until I woke up... I wrote this sentence "on the pillars of the bridge", which means it is a bridge.
Chapter 5 is "Mysterious", The connection between gods and bridges is mostly related to Taoism. For example, the "Saint Girl Bridge" in Baishui, Shaanxi Province was said to be built by three goddesses in one night. "People come here by crane, there is the White Crane Bridge, where Lord Damao rides a white crane to meet the immortals." "Jixian Bridge" is in Anfu, Jiangxi. "It is said that residents heard the fairy music lingering on the bridge at night, and when they looked at it, they only saw books. "Lu Dongbin's character is on the bridge pillar". "Chengyu Bridge" is in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, "the place where Qin Gao rode a carp to become an immortal". "Zhaoying Bridge" is in Shishou, Hubei Province. "It is said that an immortal took his shadow here."
The above is a list of single-character and double-character bridge names. Of course, there are also bridge names with three characters, four characters, or more, but the most famous three-character bridge names are Twenty-Four Bridges. , in Yangzhou, Jiangsu. The "twenty-four bridges" in Du Mu's poem of the Tang Dynasty: "On a moonlit night, where can the beautiful lady teach me to play the flute?" Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty said in "Mengxi Bi Tan" that there are twenty-four bridges. , and listed their names, but according to the poem "Yangzhou Slow" written by Jiang Baishi in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Twenty-four bridges are still there, the waves are in the heart, and the cold moon is silent. Reading the red medicine beside the bridge, I know who I was born for every year. " is also like a bridge. Later, Liang Zhangju of the Qing Dynasty mentioned in "Wang Ji Cong Tan" that there was a list of "Twenty-Four Bridges" on the bridge next to Meng Yusen's house. It can be seen that "Twenty-Four" has become a bridge. The proper name of the bridge. However, there are no other examples of bridges that use numbers as their proper names. Some of them just use numbers as prefaces, such as Du Fu's poem "I don't know Nantang Road, but now I know the fifth bridge or more." Such as "Old Huanhua Bridge", "Yangliu River Bridge", "Deyang Wang Bridge" (the above are all in Chengdu), "New Xueqian Bridge", "Jianfu Wooden Bridge" (the above are all in Nanchang), "New Hotel Stone Bridge" "(Wenjiang County, Sichuan) and so on, some of them are related to place names or personal names, and the rest are explanations of bridges with single or double names, not complete proper names. Therefore, there are basically only two types of bridge names in China: single names and double names. , after collecting these two types in the "Bridge Directory", there are not many left.
However, not all ancient bridges in my country have proper names. Some people originally had no names, and some people later named them casually. Calling it gradually became a name, such as "Big Bridge", "Little Bridge", "New Bridge", "Old Bridge", "Long Bridge", "Short Bridge", "South Bridge", "North Bridge" and so on. Over time, it became a "correct name". For example, the "Little Bridge" in Fuzhou was named because it was near the "Wanshou Bridge" bridge, and thus became a proper name. Some "bridges" are very famous, but in fact they are not. There is no such bridge, such as "Chen Bridge". In Kaifeng, Henan, the place where Zhao Kuangyin of the Song Dynasty wore a "yellow robe" was actually the "Chen Bridge Station". "In the Tang Dynasty, it was the Shangyuan Station, and Zhu Quanzhong set fire to it in order to harm Li Keyong." However, More bridges are serving there quietly, and their names have long been forgotten. It can be seen that bridges and bridge names have both luck and misfortune. Some are famous but not famous, and some are not named.
However, even though he is unknown, he is not a "hero"!
(Selected from "Guangming Daily" on July 22, 1962, with changes)
Famous bridges around the world
p>
London Bridge on the Thames River in the UK, Rialto Bridge in Venice, Italy, Brooklyn Bridge in New York, USA, Tower Bridge in London, UK, Quebec Bridge in Canada, Sydney Harbor Bridge in Australia, Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, USA, Bosporus in Turkey Bridge, the Evergreen Suspension Bridge in the UK, and the Luna Barrios Bridge in Spain.