Qichun Garden, Changchun Garden, Changchun Garden Western-style Building Scenic Area, Penglai Yaotai, Orchid Pavilion, etc.
1. Qichun Garden
In the early days, Qichun Garden was a garden given by Prince Yunxiang of Qingyi, named "Jiaohui Garden". In the middle of Qianlong's reign, the garden was given to Fu Heng, a bachelor, and renamed "Chunhe Garden". In the 34th year of Qianlong's reign (1769), Chunhe Garden was incorporated into the Old Summer Palace and was officially named "Qichun Garden". The scope at that time did not include its northwest. In the fourth and sixteenth years of Jiaqing, two more gardens were granted to the western part of the park, one was Xishuang Village owned by Prince Cheng Yongxuan, and the other was Hanhui Garden owned by Princess Zhuang Jing and Heshuo. After large-scale repairs and reconstructions, , after the expansion, the garden began to reach a scale of one thousand acres and became one of the main gardens where the Qing emperors lived.
2. Changchun Garden
The southern part of Changchun Garden is dominated by a large waterscape. The overall layout is open, open and well-dense. The garden gate is the Changchun Garden Palace Gate with five couplets. There is a bronze unicorn on the left and right outside the gate (the only one left now is on display in front of the Renshou Hall in the Summer Palace). A screen wall is built in its south. The entrance is Danhuaitang, with nine couplets, a rolling shed resting on the top of the mountain, a platform Danbi in front, and five couplets in the east and west side halls. To the north of the main hall is the river bank, where a square pavilion is built with a corridor connected to the main hall. To the west of the pavilion is the Changchun Bridge with ten holes.
Cross the bridge to the north and pass the mountain pass, which is the core building in the park - the Han Jingtang complex. There are three archways in front of the Han Sutra Hall, with eight-character screen walls on both sides. The entrance is the Five Couplets Containing Sutra Hall, which is where Emperor Qianlong chanted sutras. Further north is the Chunhua Pavilion (the largest building among the three gardens of the Yuanming Dynasty, with a copy of "Chunhua Pavilion Tie") and Yunzhenzhai. Exiting the back door is the "Deshenggai" open hall. In the 24th year of Qianlong's reign, Emperor Qianlong learned that the battles of Xiaohezhuo and Dahezhuo were pacified here and was built to commemorate it.
In addition, there are Hanguang Room, Lixin Building and Weifu Bookstore. Buildings such as the shopping street outside the east wall. The Hanjingtang building complex is magnificent in scale and its layout is based on the Ningshou Palace in the Forbidden City. It is the permanent residence of Qianlong after he plans to abdicate.
3. Changchun Garden Western-style Building Scenic Area
In order to pursue various pleasures, the Qing emperor also introduced an area of ??European-style garden buildings in the northern boundary of Changchun Garden, commonly known as "Western-style Building". There are more than ten buildings and gardens including Xieqiqu, Xianfa Bridge, Thousand Flowers Array, Bird Cage, Fangcaiwai, Haiyantang, Yuanyingguan, Dashuifa, Guanshuifa, Xianfa Mountain and Xianfa Wall. composition. Planning began in the 12th year of Qianlong (1747) and was basically completed in the 24th year (1759). It was designed and guided by Western missionaries such as Lang Shining, Jiang Youren, and Wang Zhicheng, and built by Chinese craftsmen.
The architectural form is the "Baroque" style of the late European Renaissance, and the gardening form is the "Le Notre" style. But it also absorbed many traditional Chinese techniques in gardening and architectural decoration. Most of the building materials are white marble, the stone surface is finely carved, and the roof is covered with glazed tiles. The main body of the Western-style building is actually an artificial fountain, which was called "water method" at that time. It is characterized by large numbers, great momentum, and unique ideas. It mainly forms three large fountain groups: Xie Qiqi, Haiyantang and Dashuifa.
4. Penglai Yaotai
It is based on the mythical Penglai Island, formerly known as Penglai Island. According to legend, Qin Shihuang once sent a man named Xu Fu to lead more than a thousand boys and girls across the sea to find fairy lands and elixirs for him, so as to achieve immortality. Of course, this can only be "Hai Ke talks about Yingzhou, but Yan Tao's letter is hard to come by." Emperor Yongzheng asked craftsmen to pile rugged boulders into three islands in the East Lake of the Old Summer Palace, symbolizing the legendary Penglai, Yingzhou and Abbot "Three Immortals Mountains". Five. Jade Tower Twelve", and according to the meaning of "Xu Fuhai Zhongqiu", the East Lake was named "Fuhai".
There are also more than ten beautiful gardens on the four sides of Fuhai. Fuhai is five to six hundred meters wide from east to west and from north to south. Including the surrounding small waters, it covers an area of ??about 35 hectares, which is equivalent to the water surface of Beihai Park. The water here is wide and the scenery is beautiful. During the Dragon Boat Festival, large-scale dragon boat races are held here.
5. Orchid Pavilion
In the narrow stream, there are steep rows of strange rocks and shock waves. There is a three-bay open pavilion with double eaves. In the forty-fourth year of Qianlong's reign, 6 pieces of "Lanting Preface" calligraphy by famous calligraphers of all dynasties were collected. Together with the handwritings of the great scholar Yu Minzhong and Emperor Qianlong himself, they were combined into the "Lanting Eight Pillars Volume".
Emperor Qianlong ordered the pavilion to be rebuilt into eight directions and replaced with stone pillars. Each pillar was engraved with one post. These are the famous eight pillars of the Orchid Pavilion of Yuanmingyuan. Kuoran Grand Duke, later also known as Shuanghezhai, was built after the Jichang Garden in Huishan, Wuxi.
The northern half of this scene was made by stacking stones in the middle of the Qianlong period, imitating the rocks in the Yunlin Stone Chamber of Panshan Jingji Villa. Jiaqing poems praised "Shuanghezhai": its structure is modeled after Huishan, and its famous garden conveys a tranquil environment. The winding roads are steep, the sycamore pines are especially luxuriant, the small caves are rugged and the rocks are not stubborn. People know that the Harmony Garden in the Summer Palace was modeled after the Jichang Garden in Huishan. In fact, a replica of the Jichang Garden was also built in the Old Summer Palace at that time. It's just that the two imitations have different artistic conceptions.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Old Summer Palace