Genealogy charts are a troublesome thing. They are usually handed down hundreds of years ago. It is very difficult to reconstruct them now. The loss of people caused by war and famine will make your genealogy completely incomplete. In addition, in the early feudal society, surname granting and surname changes were common, which would also make the construction of genealogy more difficult. In addition, it is a common practice that only men and daughters-in-law are recorded in the genealogy, and female relatives are not included in the genealogy because sooner or later they will be from other families.
1. [genealogy;family history]: A book in a family that records the lineage and deeds of important figures. 2.
[genealogical tree]: A book about the paternal and maternal lines of a race. System records
Detailed explanation
A book used by feudal families to record their lineage and the deeds of important figures. "History of the Song Dynasty·Yi Wen Zhi III": "Three volumes of Sima Guang's "Clan Family List" and one volume of "Chenliao Genealogy"." Ming Ye Sheng's "Shuidong Diary·Fan Family Genealogy": "After my Tang Dynasty Prime Minister walked on the ice, , there is an old genealogy. In the eleventh year of Xiantong, he crossed the river with a branch and became the magistrate of Lishui County, Qing Dynasty. "Gong Zizhen of the Qing Dynasty "Preface to the Genealogy of the King of Huaining": "This is the genealogy, and the history table. It is a legacy; if it is used extensively by the family, it is a legacy of history." Zhao Shuli's "Sanliwan·Starting from Flagstaff Courtyard": "Some people have heard the traitor Liu Laowu say that after looking up the family tree of the Liu family, Counting from him, Juren is eleven generations older than him." Genealogy is also called family tree, family tree, ancestral tree, etc. A special book genre that records the reproduction of a family lineage and the deeds of important figures in the form of a genealogy.
Basic meaning:
It is a book that records the lineage inheritance of the descendants of each surnamed family. It has the function of distinguishing the closeness of the blood relationship between family members. It is a product of my country's feudal patriarchal system. With the development of history, genealogy has changed from official to private revision, the recorded content has been continuously enriched, and its functions have continued to increase and change. Today, genealogy, like the county title and hall number of each surname, not only distinguishes the origin of the surname, but also serves as a reference for identifying ancestors and studying history, geography, society, and folk customs. It is also an important part of surname culture.
Genealogy is a unique cultural heritage of China. It has a long history among the Han people and later in the process of ethnic integration. Genealogy gradually began to appear among various ethnic groups. Genealogy is one of the three major documents of the Chinese nation (national history, geography, and genealogy). It is a precious humanistic material and is irreplaceable for in-depth research on history, folklore, demography, sociology, and economics. Unique features.
During China’s movement to destroy the Four Olds in the 1960s, family trees were purged as the Four Olds. “Thousands” of family trees were destroyed, and many Chinese had to destroy family records that had been treasured for generations. Genealogy, which has caused irreparable losses to the study of Chinese human history.
[Edit this paragraph] The origin of the family tree
Although there are currently divergent opinions on the origin of the family tree, there are unearthed oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, inscriptions and other early Chinese texts, as well as historical records. Based on the textual research on the origin of the family tree, the origin of the family tree can be traced back to at least the pre-Qin era. In the Zhou Dynasty, there was a system of historians compiling genealogies and writing "Shiben·Emperor Lineage Chapter". Although the pre-Qin "Shiben" has long been extinct and the current version of "Shiben" was compiled by the Qing Dynasty, it can be seen from the compiled chapters that "Shiben" collects the stories of emperors, princes, officials and officials of all dynasties in China from the Yellow Emperor to the Spring and Autumn Period. Genealogy is a national genealogy that synthesizes and summarizes the genealogy of various bloodline groups from previous generations to the present.
The beginning of the family tree has an important relationship with the gentry clan system. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the study of genealogy has flourished, and some noble officials have used it to boast to each other. However, all genealogical records obtained during the Sui and Tang dynasties and before have been lost, and very few genealogies from the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties still exist. What can be seen now are mainly genealogies from the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. There are many names for family trees. Generally speaking, before the Tang Dynasty, they were called family trees and family histories. In the Song Dynasty, they were also called genealogies or genealogies. In the Ming Dynasty, especially after the Qing Dynasty, there were more names, such as genealogy, world ultimatum, world genealogy, family tree, family history, family records, genealogy records, etc.
[Edit this paragraph] Forms of family trees
There are many forms of family trees. Before the emergence of written genealogy, there were oral genealogy and knotted genealogy. Later, some people used charts to frame them and hang them in the nave, and some bound them into books for family members to read.
Historically, official families generally used genealogies bound in volumes. Common people, business gentry, and wealthy families mostly hang chart-like family trees for descendants to enshrine.
[Edit this paragraph] The content and function of family trees
Family trees in ancient times were unique to kings, princes and nobles. The content of the services for inheriting the title and inheriting property is also relatively simple, only a description of the lineage.
After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, official selection, marriage and even social interactions all depended on family status. As a result, the role of genealogy in political life, economic life and social life was greatly enhanced, and the content of genealogy was also There has been an increase in the past.
In the Song Dynasty, the traditional prohibition on official genealogy compilation was broken, and the trend of compiling genealogy among the people became more prosperous. At this time, genealogy basically no longer played a role in political life, and its role was transferred to respecting ancestors and lineage. , On the Mu clan. Family trees are often revised repeatedly, and every time they are revised, it becomes a major event among people of the same surname and clan.
By the Ming and Qing dynasties, the structure of genealogy compilation had been basically finalized, and the genealogy that has been passed down to this day is extremely rich.
The content of a family tree mainly consists of three parts: the first part is a genealogy diagram, that is, a person’s lineage, which generation he belongs to, and who his father is; the second part is the text of the family tree, which is based on the information in the lineage diagram. It is compiled in the order of each person, and introduces each person's name, father's name, line of work, era, official position, title, age, death date, posthumous title, marriage partner, etc. These introductory texts are more than 50 words long and only two or three words short. They are actually biographies of characters; the third part is the appendix.
Some family trees, when setting up the genealogy, have determined the seniority sequence of the family lineage, and the font size has been calibrated in advance to make the seniority clear. In the countryside, it is called "paisen", but in fact it means to rank seniority. . Due to the historical preference for boys over girls, when a man chooses a "big name", he must use a predetermined character as part of his name. This character should be placed in the middle or at the end of the three characters in the full name. Each generation level may not be exactly the same, but there are established rules.
[Edit this paragraph] The history and current situation of genealogy research
1. Genealogy is a historical document whose main content is to record the lineage and deeds of a blood family. There are currently divergent opinions in the academic world regarding the origin of family trees. Research on the origin of family trees from unearthed oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, inscriptions and other early Chinese texts and historical documents shows that the origin of family trees can be traced back to at least the pre-Qin era. In the Zhou Dynasty, there was a system of historians compiling genealogies and writing "Shiben·Emperor Lineage Chapter". Although the pre-Qin "Shiben" has long been extinct and the current version of "Shiben" was compiled by the Qing Dynasty, it can be seen from the compiled chapters that "Shiben" collects the works of emperors, princes, ministers and officials of all dynasties in China from the Yellow Emperor to the Spring and Autumn Period. Genealogy is a national genealogy that synthesizes and summarizes the genealogy of various blood groups of previous generations and contemporary generations. The significance of "Shiben" also lies in confirming that genealogy research began in the Zhou Dynasty and is the source of genealogy research.
In terms of the form of genealogy, the ancient genealogy before the Tang Dynasty is different from the existing Ming and Qing genealogy that is characterized by the creation and compilation style of Ouyang Xiu and Su Xun. However, genealogy as a continuous piece of human history Symbols have been valued by scholars of all ages. The reason for this is not only the purpose of tracing the roots and ancestors, but also the understanding of the important value of genealogy. The historian Zhang Xuecheng of the Qing Dynasty once said that "the husband's family has a genealogy, the state has aspirations, and the country has history, which all have the same meaning." The importance of comparing family trees with national history and local chronicles can be seen. The content of ancient genealogy research mainly lies in genealogy itself, including the writing of genealogy examples and the study of the development history of genealogy.
The application of genealogy research began in the Han Dynasty. The records of imperial genealogies in "Historical Records" indicate that Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty had applied genealogy data to the writing of one-century biographical history books in the field of history. Later generations of historians inherited this tradition, and the biographical chronological histories compiled by later generations, such as Ban Gu's "Hanshu" and Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms"... all used genealogical data to varying degrees. The application of genealogical data in ancient China was mainly in the writing process of history books, local chronicles and biographies, which reflects the historical value of genealogy.
2. In the 1920s, with the development of new fields in social sciences, some scholars affirmed the important value of genealogy from the perspectives of new disciplines such as demography, eugenics, and genetics, and advocated the importance of genealogy. Conduct in-depth research on the data.
The famous historian Liang Qichao said in "The Academic History of China in the Past Three Hundred Years" published in 1923: "If you want to examine the organizational laws of clan system, if you want to examine the average age of marriage and average life span in various eras and places, if you want to examine the inheritance of both parents' lines, If you want to test the gender ratio of men and women, if you want to test the comparison of birth rate and death rate, etc., there are countless other problems. I am afraid that there is no other way to obtain information except genealogy. "For this reason, he proposed to collect and analyze family trees. Conducting research, "Every family in every village in our country has a genealogy, which is truly a treasure in the history. If in the future there is a national library that can collect all the genealogies of the world, and scholars can study by subject, it will be an immortal undertaking." The founder of the ancient history debate school Gu Xugang, a famous scholar, also said: "Our country's historical data is vast, but there are still two gold mines that have not been developed, one is local chronicles, and the other is genealogy." It affirmed the importance of genealogy in the new historical period. historical value.
Under the initiative of Liang Qichao and others, there was an upsurge in researching genealogies in the academic world. The Beijing Library sent a letter to all walks of life to solicit genealogy. (The "General Introduction to Chinese Genealogy" written by Yang Dian in 1945 was a research paper written using the family trees in the library.) In 1931, the article "Examples of Genealogy Research" written by Liu Zhizheng, director of the Nanjing Chinese Studies Library, can be regarded as a response to Liang Wen. This article includes an example of comparing the Wang family of Taicang and the Zhuang family of Wujin and analyzing the number and growth of the population, setting a precedent for using genealogical data to study population issues. Another scholar who uses genealogical data to study population issues is Tan Qixiang. His book "A Study on the Origin of Hunan People" examined the population sources of seven counties in Hunan based on clan genealogy data. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, scholars who made great achievements in the field of genealogy research included Pan Guangdan, Luo Xianglin and others. After Pan Guangdan published his first paper "A Brief History of Chinese Genealogy" in 1929, he successively published papers such as "Family Genealogy and Patriarchal Law", "What's the Meaning of Genealogy", "On the Practice of Genealogy", etc. He conducted research on the issues and published "The Notable Families of Jiaxing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties", "Research on the Bloodline of Chinese Actors", "Humanistic Selection and the Chinese Nation", "Talents in Suzhou in Modern Times", etc.; Luo Xianglin has attached great importance to genealogy research since the 1930s. , a collection of essays titled "Chinese Genealogy Research" published in Hong Kong in 1971, most of which were research results from earlier years. Their research has made an indelible contribution to the popularization and development of spectroscopic theory.
The enthusiasm for genealogy research in Chinese academic circles in the 1920s and 1930s was caused by changes in the field of history. The distinctive feature of modern history is that it breaks the previous tradition of historical research centered on political history and turns historical research to a focus on human social life. New historians believe that “if you want to know the truth of history, you must not just look at a few big figures on the stage and a few big events. What is important is to see the changes in the activities of the entire society.” (Liang Qichao said) The development of historical research is inevitable It is required to break through the traditional limitation of finding historical materials only from official history and expand the scope of historical materials collection. Therefore, historians during this period paid special attention to the discovery of new historical materials, including archaeological materials excavated underground and historical records discovered in foreign lands. They were the targets of their attention and collection. As a historical record compiled within a family and not published publicly, family trees have irreplaceable historical value for social history research, which naturally arouses the interest of scholars. The update of historical concepts and the expansion of the scope of historical materials are the direct reasons for genealogical research.
Due to war and other reasons, genealogical research before the founding of the People's Republic of China was not fully carried out. The lack of genealogical information is also an important factor. In a warning factory where ancestral rules and family instructions are not easily disclosed, it is difficult to collect genealogical information. Taking the Beijing Library as an example, the General Secretary collected genealogical information from 1928 to 1945. 247 species, accounting for only one-tenth of the collection. If this is the case in a large library, it is even more difficult for general research institutions to obtain research materials.
3. After liberation, genealogy was despised by people as a remnant of feudalism, and the research on genealogy also naturally came to a halt. In the 1960s, out of criticism of feudal family rights, someone wrote "Feudal Genealogy". This is the only paper on genealogy seen between the liberation of the motherland and the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Genealogy research is basically at the stage of Blank state. But as a collection of genealogy, it is a golden opportunity. Land reform, criticism of feudal clans, and a series of political movements have caused the genealogy hidden in the deep cabinet to be swept away as feudal remnants. The Shanghai Library has become the largest collection of original genealogy books in the country. Judging from the museum, many of his family trees come from waste paper piles recycled from paper mills.
This situation can also be seen in other libraries, such as the Beijing Library. At the beginning of liberation, there were 353 items in the collection. By 1985, there were 2,228 items in the collection, most of which were acquired during the Land Reform and Cultural Revolution periods. It is the preservation of this historical heritage by knowledgeable people that lays the foundation for future academic research.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, people's minds were liberated and they realized that China's traditional culture is a treasure worth exploring. The overseas Chinese's awareness of root-searching and their emphasis on genealogy culture have contributed to the development of genealogy research in mainland China. Under the cultural background of increasingly strengthened communication between China and the world, Chinese genealogy research has been vigorously carried out.
Currently, genealogy research is in a state of decline. After 10 years of research, its academic achievements are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Collection and development of genealogy materials. The rise of genealogy research in the 1980s was first due to the successful development of documentary materials. The Beijing Library began to develop and organize the collection of genealogy in 1985. After several years, on the basis of completing the compilation of 2,228 genealogy catalogs and genealogy abstracts, the Beijing Library established local chronicles and The Genealogy Documentation Center edits and publishes secondary documents and data collections of genealogy. The Shanghai Library has a collection of 11,200 kinds of original genealogies and more than 83,000 volumes. It is the library with the largest collection of original genealogy copies in the world. At present, a special organization has been established to strengthen the development, utilization and research of genealogy collections. In addition to libraries accelerating the development and collection of genealogy collections, all sectors of society are also promoting the development and collection of genealogy materials in various aspects. The History Department of Nankai University, the Second Division of the China Archives Bureau, and the Library of the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences jointly compile the "United Catalog of Chinese Genealogy", which contains more than 12,000 genealogical catalogs.
2. Research on genealogy. Based on the compilation and development of genealogy data, many papers on genealogy research have appeared in the academic world. Many papers have discussed issues such as the origin, evolution, compilation style, and narrative content of family trees, and have studied the genealogies of some important clans with surnames. For example, in genealogy research, there are special articles on the genealogy of ancient figures Bai Juyi, Cao Xueqin, and Zheng He, as well as modern figures such as Hong Xiuquan, Fu Sinian, and Lu Xun. In terms of research on the history of genealogy, many scholars have challenged the views proposed by their predecessors and accepted by the academic community. For example, in the chronological study of the origin of Chinese genealogy, the predecessors generally believed that Chinese genealogy originated in the Zhou Dynasty. Some scholars have concluded that the origin of Chinese genealogy is much earlier than the Zhou Dynasty based on written records before the Zhou Dynasty, namely oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and other materials, as well as a large amount of ethnological and folklore data. Regarding the form of genealogy, some scholars have proposed that before the emergence of written genealogy, there were oral genealogy and knotted genealogy, extending the form of genealogy beyond the scope of writing. There is also an understanding of genealogy in the Han Dynasty. In the past, it was generally believed that "the emperors, generals and ministers of the Han Dynasty were born in the grasslands and did not know their family background, so there was no need for genealogy. This was a period of decline." Now there are scholars from Sima Qian, Yang Xiong, Ban Gu and others. Based on the self-narrated genealogy and the existing stone carvings of the Han Dynasty, it is proposed that the Han Dynasty was not a period of depression and quiescence in genealogy, but an active period and a period of development in genealogy. Although their research conclusions have yet to be tested, their courageous spirit of exploration and solid research methods are worth promoting. Their research opened the way for the development of genealogy research in a longitudinal direction.
3. Research on the application of genealogy. Judging from the papers and books published during this period, genealogical information has been widely used in research in various disciplines of the social sciences. Whether in demography, ethnology, talent science, sociology, economic history, overseas Chinese history, legal history, ethics history, etc., there are excellent works that use genealogical data for research. Among them, the study of social history makes the most use of genealogical data and has the greatest research results. Social history is a part of historical research and belongs to the category of microhistorical research. In the past, historians paid great attention to macro research and focused on discussing the reasons for the development and replacement of societies and dynasties. Now, with the rediscovery of genealogical data, social history research based on genealogy as an important historical data has been developed. Take the social history research in 1996 as an example. Many works use genealogy as the basis of historical materials. Such as "Family in Ancient China", "Clan and Ancestral Hall in Ancient China", "Clan Society in China", etc. In terms of surname science, works that use genealogical data to sort out the origins of blood relatives include "The General Book of Chinese Surnames", which details the origin, evolution, branching, migration, and reproduction history of each blood relative, as well as the family's unique customs and etiquette. , family culture, etc.
[Edit this paragraph] The emperors of all dynasties revised the genealogy imperial edict
The imperial genealogy edict of Taizu's hometown in the Ming Dynasty
I inherit the decree of the end of the world, the Fuji inherits the people, Xiaogan Station I am afraid that it is difficult to protect, and I also ask for your advice. Everyone has their own conscience, and they must establish their own rules, take precautions quickly, see the destiny of reform, trace the rules of the past to the ancestors, follow the example of the predecessors, be true to the original principles, and show the superior principles. Although Zha Le has been filial to his younger brother for many generations, it can be cured if the people's hearts are only able to restrain themselves and uplift themselves. If they are not sincere or have such a strong heart, why not not be ancient, lead the land and admire it, and live up to the spirit of Teng.
Translation, I have to help the power of heaven to calm the world and comfort the people. But I stand in fear every night, fearing that it will not last forever. I also asked other people’s opinions and believed that everyone has a natural conscience. It is necessary to establish rules and guide them, and to avoid rushing and making haste. It seems that in order to complete the mission of safeguarding the new dynasty, we must trace the origins and learn from our ancestors. The fathers look for ways to govern the country, practice the virtues of their predecessors, be loyal to the origin, and explain the truth with sincerity. Although there are rituals and laws of the past dynasties, waiting for people to be filial to their parents and be friendly to their brothers from generation to generation, but people have many mixed thoughts, and everyone cannot consciously restrain themselves and cheer up. What should we do? If we want to make the unscrupulous people work hard from now on, why? Educate them with unused ancestral precepts and become people admired by the whole country? Don’t let me down. ?
Ningzong of the Song Dynasty revised the imperial edict?
I heard that people in the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to surnames and spread espionage tools. The families of later generations of scholars and nobles were immersed in theory and obliterated it, making it difficult to study. The prime minister of the hoe, who was demoted to a noble family, regarded his descendants as self-reliant and gentle as ears. If they are able to stand on their own feet, even if they are weak, but if they are not able to stand on their own, they will be weak. The descendants of that family can stand on their own for hundreds of generations, and they are almost as common as their ancestors. . This is why I changed my hope for the world.
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The Imperial Edict to govern the countryside in Shun, Qing dynasty
Pay attention to people as a duty to the younger brothers, respect the clan as a harmonious society, teach the children to forbid wrongdoing, and clarify etiquette Rich customs.
Translation: The purpose of revising the genealogy is to urge people to be filial to their parents, to love their brothers, to pay attention to the relationship between father and son, husband and wife, brothers, and friends, to be loyal to the clan, to show internal harmony, and to teach children For young people, prohibit them from doing evil, understand politeness and humility, so as to develop strong good habits. ?
Six precepts stipulated by Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty?
Be filial to your parents and respect your elders; be harmonious in the village and teach your grandparents and grandchildren a lesson; everyone should be in peace with his life and do nothing deceitful or inappropriate.
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He settled the dispute with the township party and restored the family to have enough food and clothing. ?
We should be frugal and cherish our money, and our schools should be disciplined and educated. ?
Depose heretics in order to uphold righteous learning, and enact laws to warn fools. ?
Be clear about etiquette to enhance customs, and do your own business to determine the will of the people. ?
Teach your children not to do wrong, stop false accusations, and be kind. ?
If you punish someone for escaping, you will be exempted from any implication, and you will save money and food to save time. ?
Jointly protect the armor to kill thieves, and clear the police to save lives.
[Edit this paragraph] What are the pre-Confucian theories on genealogy?
Cheng Zi said: If the family law is bad, the genealogy of spies is still a legacy; if the genealogy of spies is bad, people don’t know where they come from, so genealogy cannot be done. Don’t repair. ?
Zhitang Hu said: The basis of a spy's body is not clear at all. There is no evidence for it, or the surname is mistakenly assigned. In ancient times, the households were mixed together, and the clan was destroyed. The surname is Liu Yi Zhuye, and the surname is also Li.
Mr. Hu from Wufeng said: "That's so! It's impossible to write a genealogy. The genealogy and espionage are based on the records and are orderly, and the relatives and distances are not forgotten. A hundred generations will still be enough to know that one copy is different." Those who write spies do not express joy, do not celebrate and worry, do not pay condolences, and do not treat their close relatives and acquaintances as passers-by! So, I don’t know what my heart is, but the ancients have it that it is unfilial not to cultivate the genealogy for three generations.
The Cheng family of Xin'an said: The cultivation of Pu must be based on the original source of the Ming Dynasty and its origin, so we should respect our ancestors! Study the ten thousand sects and clarify their currents, so we should distinguish between the distant and the distant! Etc., distinguishing between close relatives and those who are close, recognizing the superiority and inferiority of the younger brother, performing rites to celebrate good and bad times, showing filial piety to friends, harmonious marriage, and caring for each other, so we respect the rituals of the clan.
The Chen family of Zhaoxi said: Anyone who writes genealogies is concerned about their ancestors. People are more important than their ancestors. They are benevolent but not benevolent. If you don't keep what you have done, you will be unjust for the sake of righteousness. If you don't do it, you will offend your ancestors.
Dong from Shenshan said: The ancestors were good but they were not clear about it, and they were not wise every day, but they were unkind and unkind, which is why they stopped the genealogy.
Bai Ya Peng said: The genealogy protects the surname and accepts the surname. It is given by the emperor, and the agricultural association is affiliated with it. Those who uprightly protect their clan are the way to protect the world. Each person protects his clan and the world is governed.
The Huang family in the valley said: The giant clan in the world. If there is even a trace of genealogy, it will lose its origin. When examining its origin, the generations are getting farther and farther apart, and the clans are becoming more and more numerous, which will inevitably lead to confusion between the distinction between maintaining and showing off.
Yifeng Luo said: Since the clan system has been abolished and the genealogy has flourished, the origin of the lineage is Zunzun, and the branches and branches are divided into relatives and relatives. .
[Edit this paragraph] The role of revision of musical notation
? 1. Find roots and retain originals. The ancients said: "The genealogy is the foundation of the spy." It means that the genealogy can tell you who you are and where you come from. People often say: "We are all descendants of Yan and Huang." But you don't know the origin. By tracing back to your roots through genealogy, you will know where you come from.
A person is born in ten months from his mother’s womb and lives in the world for decades, but he always passes away quietly. The ancients said: “The passing geese leave their voices, and the passing people leave their names.” "Name" is the essence of a person. If you die in this life without even a name left in the world, and after a few years your descendants will not even know who their ancestors are, then your life is not in vain, it is a life in vain. In other words, Your child has lost his roots.
In the past and now, many people have built monuments for their parents and grandparents. One shows the filial piety of future generations, and the other means not forgetting their ancestors. But how much can it preserve? Generations change, man-made monuments Due to the damage and weathering of the years, the role of the tree monument has been lost. And the tradition of genealogy has been passed down from generation to generation for thousands of years. "From ancient times to all dynasties, and even to this day, the names of ancestors have been passed down to this day. Isn't it the role of revising genealogy?
The tree is thousands of feet high, and the leaves fall back to their roots. Where is your foundation? Where do thousands of miles of rivers come from? If a person doesn’t even understand his own roots, wouldn’t he be letting his ancestors support you? In particular, I, the Feipeng Lu family, have not cultivated genealogy for more than 100 years. During the collection, we found that there are quite a few people who don’t know the names of their grandparents, let alone which clan they belong to. Therefore, this compilation of genealogy is of great significance. It can help you find out who your ancestors are, so that you can find out who your ancestors are. Your name and your ancestors will be immortalized through the ages. If you really disconnect the two, record your ancestors, fathers and your week, so that your descendants can pass it on from generation to generation. They will always know that you are their ancestors and will be with them in the future. Together they will be remembered forever.
2. Clear fate and prepare for future investigation. The ancients said: "The descendants who do not know the origin of their surnames are worse than beasts. "It means that the surname is a symbol of blood relationship. The difference between humans and animals is that they have a sense of root-seeking for their blood-related people, which gives the family strong cohesion and vitality. A No matter how far people wander, they can never see their hometown, because their ancestors are buried there. For five thousand years, people in the Chinese nation have had the habit of recording the deeds of their ancestors and passing them on to future generations. This is genealogy. As long as there is a genealogy book, all the people and things related to the clan members will be recorded in the genealogy. For example, if you want to know the origin of the Lu family and the lineage of distant ancestors, you can check the origin of the Lu family. This set of information is the continuation of the genealogy. It’s not easy. She is the unsung hero who contributed the most to my Lu family genealogy. His name is Lu Benli, a native of Qinglin Township, Taoyuan County. He works at the Hunan Academy of Social Sciences. He spent thousands of yuan and flew to Beijing three times during holidays to search. Copied, I, the Lu clan, would like to thank him for his selfless contribution to the renewal of our clan's genealogy. You want to know what Fan Yangtang is about? You can check the name of Fan Yangtang - Lu. You need to know the old and new names. For factions, you can check the old and new quotations. If you want to give your children a good name, and you want to know the achievements and contributions of the Lu family's ancestors in various historical dynasties, you can have a set of genealogy books in hand, and the situation of the Lu family. All.
3. Increase knowledge and educate people. The ancients said: “It is the father’s fault to raise people without educating them. "For decades, due to the lack of education in family values ????to their children, many people now have no family values ????and human ethics. The king is not the king, the minister is not the minister, the father is not the father, the son is not the son, there is no distinction between superiors and inferiors, and filial piety is complete. None, there is an old man but no support, he has children but no education, he goes to prostitutes in excess, he gambles without exerting his energy, he eats, drinks and plays too much, he is an official without caring about the people, he is greedy and extravagant, he does not respect his teachers for the people, he is arrogant and rebellious, what should be used to educate them? The genealogy book is a very good teaching material. The family motto and family rules regulate the words and deeds of the descendants of the Lu family.
The genealogy book contains classics from all ages. How about how to aspire? How to be dedicated? How to study? How to run a family? How to be a human being, etc. There are many things that cannot be learned in school. She can well cultivate our sentiments and encourage us to love life, work hard, contribute to the country, and bring honor to the nation.
4. Flesh-and-blood connection. As the saying goes: "Friends or not, hometown feelings." "Many friends, many roads." In a society with great circulation and in the era of international integration, people cannot be closed off. Going out of the family and going abroad is the only way for future generations. Through the joint genealogy, compatriots of the same bloodline can further deepen their understanding. When a person is walking outside, passers-by (people casually wandering on the road) are not as good as country people (people from his hometown). How can country people compare with the love of flesh and blood? In the exchanges of economic development, life and death, blessings and blessings come, it is naturally necessary for people to support and help each other. With genealogy books, even if you go to the ends of the world, even if you meet too late, the flesh and blood family relationship will definitely be better and stronger. deep.
5. Carrying forward the past and linking up the future. This has a double meaning. One is for the ancestors, and the other is for the younger generations. The ancestors worked hard to start a business, educate people, and created great achievements for the Lu family tree and society. They cannot be discarded from our generation and must be revised through genealogy. , setting up biographies for them, passing on their spirit from generation to generation as a permanent memorial, this is the historical mission of our generation.
What should we leave behind for future generations? Money? Beauty? House? The ancients said: "There is a house of gold in a book, and a book is as beautiful as jade." The ancestors only If we can leave to future generations knowledge, spiritual wealth, ideological wealth, and the moral character of their ancestors, then our children and grandchildren will have a way to make money and prosper. These are all integrated in our genealogy. Only by leaving these to them , Only in this way can we be worthy of our ancestors, and worthy of our descendants.
In summary, what is the use of revising genealogy? The answer is: to find roots and retain roots, to clear up connections for future reference, to increase knowledge and educate people, to connect flesh and blood, and to connect the past and the future.
[Edit this paragraph] Example of genealogy revision-Kong family genealogy genealogy
The descendants of Confucius and Mencius are now named, and the seniority was officially established in the Ming Dynasty: Zhu Yuanzhang gave Confucius the title in the early Ming Dynasty. The eight generation characters of the surname: Gong, Yan, Cheng, Hong, Wen, Zhen, Shang, and Yin are used for naming. Later, Kong Xixue, the fifty-sixth generation in the first year of Hongwu, and Kong Na, the fifty-seventh generation in the seventeenth year of Hongwu, successively attacked Yan Shenggong. In this way, "Xi" and "Yan" are added next to each other to form ten characters, namely: Xi, Yan, Gong, Yan, Cheng, Hong, Wen, Zhen, Shang, and Yin (the later Qing Dynasty changed Hong to For Hong, Yin was changed to Yan). During the Ming Dynasty, these ten characters were no longer enough, and Kong Yinzhi (Kong Yinzhi), the sixty-fifth generation Yanshenggong, made the final decision. The following twenty characters are: "Xing Yu spreads widely, Zhao Xian celebrates prosperity, Ling De Wei bless, Qin Shao Nian is prominent." In the eighth year of the Republic of China, Kong Lingyi, the seventy-sixth generation of the 76th generation, established another twenty characters. Please consult the then Beiyang government for approval and announcement. That is, the eighty-sixth generation to the one hundred and fifth generation. That is to say, "Build roads to ensure stability, repair and repair Yi Chang, enrich the culture and flourish the scenery, and make the world prosperous forever." So far, it is known that the youngest generation is the generation named "Qin". Therefore, many descendants of Confucius and Mencius can tell their seniority from their names. This is not what the descendants of Confucius and Mencius have always used, but in the ninth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1744), the Ministry of Rites investigated and compiled it and reported it to the emperor for the order of descendants of Confucius and Mencius. Before that, Confucius's family tree was very complicated. This method of character selection was much simpler than before, and was promoted by the emperor, causing other large family genealogies in China to begin to follow this method.
Lineage
- The Xuanyuan clan of Huangdi, the ancestor of the 87th generation
- The Shaohao Jintian clan (Xuanxiao), the ancestor of the 86th generation
- The ancestor of the 85th generation, Xiuji
- The ancestor of the 84th generation, the Ku Gaoxin clan
- The ancestral contract of the 83rd generation
- The ancestor of the 8th generation, Zhaoming
< p> - The 81st generation ancestor Xiangtu- The 40th generation ancestor Changruo
- The 39th generation ancestor Cao Yu
- The 38th generation ancestor Ming
- The thirty-seventh generation ancestor Zhen (Wang Hai) Wang Heng
- The thirty-sixth generation ancestor Shang Jiawei
- The thirty-fifth generation ancestor reported Yi
- The thirty-sixth generation ancestor The fourth generation ancestor reported Bing
- The thirty-third generation ancestor reported Ding
- The thirty-second generation ancestor Ren
- The thirty-first generation ancestor Gui
- The 30th generation ancestor, Shang Wang Chengtang (Taiyi)
- The 29th generation ancestor, Shang Wang Taiding, Waibing Shang Wang Zhongren
- The 28th generation ancestor, Shang Wang Taijia (Taizong)
- The 27th generation ancestor Shang Wang Woding Shang Wang Taigeng
- The 26th generation ancestor Shang Wang Xiaojia Shang Wang Yongji Shang Wang Taiwu (Zhongzong)
- The 25th generation ancestor Shang Wang Zhongding Shang Wang Wai Ren Shang Wang He Dan Jia
- The twenty-fourth generation ancestor Shang Wang Zu Yi
- The twenty-third generation ancestor Shang Wang Zu Xin Shang Wang Wojia
- The twenty-second generation ancestor Shang Wang Zu Ding Shang Wang Nangeng
- The 21st generation ancestor Shang Wang Yangjia Shang Wang Pangeng Shang Wang Xiaoxin Shang Wang Xiaoyi
- The 21st generation ancestor Shang Wang Wuding (Gaozong)
- The 20th generation ancestor Shang Wangzu Geng Shang Wangzujia
- 19th generation Shang Wang Linxin
- 18th generation Shang Wang Kangding
- 17th generation Shang Wang Wuyi
- The 16th generation ancestor Shang Wang Wen Ding
- The 15th generation ancestor Shang Wang Di Yi
- The 14th generation ancestor Shang Wang Di Xin (Zhou) Wei Zi Wei Zhongyan
- Thirteenth generation ancestor Song Gongji
- Twelfth generation ancestor Song Dinggongshen
- Eleventh generation ancestor Song Mingong***
- Tenth generation ancestor Fufu He< /p>
- The ninth generation ancestor Song Fu Zhou
- The eighth generation ancestor Shi Zisheng
- The seventh generation ancestor Zheng Kaofu
- The sixth generation ancestor Kong Fujia
- The fifth generation ancestor Mujinfu
- The great ancestor Qi's father
- The great-grandfather Fangshu
- The grandfather Bo Xia
- Uncle Liang He
- Confucius
- Zi Kong Li
- Sun Kong Ji
- Great-grandson Kong Bai
p>- Great-great-grandson Kong Qiuhui