1. Li Bai
Li Bai (701-762), also known as Taibai, also known as Qinglian Jushi, also known as "Exiled Immortal", was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Known as the "Immortal of Poetry" by later generations, his representative works include "Looking at the Lushan Waterfall", "The Difficult Journey", "The Difficult Road to Shu", "About to Enter the Wine", "Ode to Mingtang", "Early Departure from Baidi City" and many other poems.
In the twelfth year of Kaiyuan (724), Li Bai was twenty-four years old. Leaving hometown and embarking on a long journey. Then visit Chengdu and Mount Emei, and then boat eastward to Yuzhou (today's Chongqing City).
In the eighteenth year of Kaiyuan (730), Li Bai was thirty years old. Spring is in Anlu. I have visited Pei Changshi of this state many times before, but because he was slandered by others, he recently wrote a letter of confession, but he was finally rejected. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), when Li Bai was thirty-three years old, he built a stone chamber at Taohuayan in Baizhaoshan, Anlu. He opened mountains and fields and lived by farming and studying.
In the second year of Shangyuan (761), Li Bai, who was in his early sixties, returned to Jinling due to illness. In Jinling, his life was quite difficult, and he had no choice but to seek refuge with his uncle Li Yangbing, who was the county magistrate in Dangtu. In the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (762), Li Bai was seriously ill. He gave the manuscript to Li Yangbing on his sick bed, composed the "Death Song" and passed away.
2. Du Fu
Du Fu (712-770), named Zimei, also known as Shaoling Yelao, was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty. Together with Li Bai, he was known as "Li Bai". Du". When Du Fu was a boy, he traveled to Wuyue, Qi and Zhao successively, during which time he went to Luoyang to fail in the examination. After the age of thirty-five, he first took the examination in Chang'an and failed; later he presented gifts to the emperor and nobles.
Unsuccessful in officialdom, he witnessed with his own eyes the extravagance and social crisis of the upper class of the Tang Dynasty. In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell. Du Fu traveled to many places. In the second year of Qianyuan (759), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he escaped the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the common people and national affairs. He created famous works such as "Ascend the High", "Spring Look", "Northern Expedition", "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
In the winter of the fifth year of the Dali calendar (770), Du Fu died of illness at the age of fifty-nine. Du Fu had a profound influence on Chinese classical poetry. He was called the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations, and his poems were called the "History of Poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Thatched Cottage.
3. Lu You
Lu You (1125-1210), with the courtesy name Wuguan and the nickname Fangweng, was of Han nationality and was a native of Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). The grandson of Lu Dian, a writer, historian and patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Lu You kept writing throughout his life, and compiled 85 volumes of "Jiannan Poetry Manuscript", containing more than 9,000 poems.
Lu You was deeply influenced by his family's patriotism when he was a boy. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, he participated in the examination of the Ministry of Rites, but his official career was not smooth because he was rejected by Qin Hui. After Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty came to the throne, he was granted a Jinshi background and successively held the posts of chief registrar of Ningde County in Fuzhou, official of the imperial edict, general magistrate of Longxing Prefecture, etc. Because of his persistence in resisting the Jin Dynasty, he was repeatedly rejected by the Zhuhe faction.
In the autumn of the second year of Jiading (1209), Lu You became ill from worry and anger. After winter, his condition worsened and he became bedridden. On December 29 (January 26, 1210), Lu You passed away at the age of eighty-five. ?[85]?On his deathbed, Lu You left his final work "Shi'er" as his will: "After death, I know that everything will be in vain, but I will not be as sad as Jiuzhou. Wang Shibei set the day of the Central Plains, and he never forgot to tell Nai Weng during family sacrifices."
4. Su Shi
Su Shi (January 8, 1037 - August 24, 1101), courtesy name Zizhan and Hezhong, also known as Tieguan Taoist and Dongpo layman, lived Known as Su Dongpo or Su Xian, Han nationality, from Meishan, Meizhou (Meishan City, Sichuan Province), his ancestral home is Luancheng, Hebei Province, and a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the second year of Jiayou's reign (1057), Su Shi became a Jinshi. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he served in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian due to the "Wutai Poetry Case".
After Zhezong of the Song Dynasty came to the throne, he served as a bachelor of Hanlin, a bachelor of attendance, and a minister of the Ministry of Rites. He also went to Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou and other places. In his later years, he was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the new party's rule. Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty was pardoned and returned to the north, but died of illness in Changzhou on the way.
During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, he was given the posthumous title of "Wenzhong" as a posthumous gift to the Grand Master. Extended information
Anecdotes and allusions
1. The origin of Li Bai’s name
It was when Li Bai was seven years old that his father wanted to give his son a formal name. Li Bai's parents loved reading, and they wanted to train their son to be an elegant and refined person. The father usually likes to teach his children to read and write poems. When he was planning to name the name, he discussed it with his mother and tested his son's ability to write poems while walking in the courtyard.
My father looked at the verdant trees and flowers in the courtyard in spring, and recited a poem: "The country of spring brings warmth and all the flowers bloom, and it comes first to welcome the spring." The mother continued: "The fire burns the leaves and the red clouds fall in the forest. ". Li Bai knew that his parents had recited the first three lines of the poem, so he deliberately left the last line in the hope that he could continue. He walked to the blooming plum blossoms, thought for a moment and said: "The plum blossoms are in full bloom and the tree is white."
"White" - doesn't it express Li Hua's holiness and elegance? The father had an idea and decided to choose the two characters "Li" and "Bai" at the beginning and end of the wonderful sentence as the child's name, so he named his seven-year-old son "Li Bai".
2. Du Fu angrily denounced the imperial relatives
The occurrence of the Anshi Rebellion. Du Fu felt that those in power who ignored people's livelihood and only cared about their own enjoyment would definitely lead to the country's downfall, so he wrote seven poems that were later selected into the famous anthology "Three Hundred Tang Poems", namely "Beauty's Journey". A long ancient poem. This poem has become a veritable "epic" due to its bold satire and profound exposure of the Yang family's hot and luxurious life.
3. The origin of the name Lu You
Lu Zai (1088-1148) and Xiao Qin Guan (1049-1100) were forty years old. When Qin Guan died, Lu Zai was not enough Thirteen years old. When Qin Guan arrived in Yuezhou, Lu Zai had not yet been born, and it was even less likely that Lu You's mother had any contact with Qin Guan. Moreover, Lu You's mother, Mrs. Tang, came from a famous family. Even if she really dreamed of Qin Guan, she would never publicize it. Therefore, "Born from Meng Shaoyou" is purely imaginary.
4. Dongpo Pork
Su Shi himself was a gourmet, and there are many records of Su Shi's invention of delicious food in Song Dynasty notebook novels. When Su Shi learned about Hangzhou, in May and June of the fifth year of Yuanyou, there was heavy rain in western Zhejiang and Taihu Lake flooded. Su Shi directed the dredging of the West Lake and the construction of Su dikes. The people of Hangzhou thanked him. During the Chinese New Year, everyone would carry pigs and wine to pay him New Year greetings. Su Shi instructed his family to cut the pork into cubes, cook it until red and crispy, and then distribute it to everyone. This is the origin of Dongpo Pork.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Li Bai
Baidu Encyclopedia - Du Fu
Baidu Encyclopedia - Lu You
Baidu Encyclopedia - Su Shi