Zhuge Liang
A brief introduction to Zhuge Liang's life Zhuge Liang (181-234 AD), Han nationality, named Kongming, also known as Wolong layman. An outstanding prime minister, politician, strategist, essayist, and diplomat of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Historical records record that he was eight feet tall, which is about 1.84 meters today. Zhuge Liang's birthday: Xinyou, Bingshen, Guichou, Dingsi. Zhuge Liang was born in an official's family in Yangdu County, Langye County (now Yinan County, Shandong Province) in the fourth year of Guanghe, Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty (AD 181). . The Zhuge family is a prominent family in Langxie. Their ancestor Zhuge Feng once served as a Sili Xiaowei (chief of the garrison of the capital) during the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Western Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Gui, whose courtesy name was Jungong, served as the magistrate of Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died of illness when he was 3 years old, and his father died when he was 8 years old (one theory is that he lost his mother when he was 9 years old, and his father when he was 12 years old). Together with his sister and younger brother Zhuge Jun, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed by Yuan Shu as the prefect of Yuzhang, to Yuzhang. . The Eastern Han Dynasty court sent Zhu Hao to replace Zhuge Xuan, so Zhuge Xuan went to join his old friend Liu Biao, the pastor of Jingzhou. In the second year of Jian'an (197 AD), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his siblings lost their livelihood, so they moved to Nanyang. The 17-year-old Zhuge Liang, his friend Xu Shu and others studied under Mr. Bingjing Sima Hui. He saw that Liu Biao was incompetent and not the master of the world, so he settled in Longzhong Mountain, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, and lived in seclusion until the time came. This happened in 197 AD. Zhuge Liang has lived in seclusion in Longzhong for ten years. He has made many friends with famous people in the south of the Yangtze River. He "always compares himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi". He loves to sing "Liang Fu Yin" and has friends with Pang Degong, Pang Tong, Sima Hui, Huang Chengyan, Shi Guangyuan and Cui Zhouping. , Xu Shu and other celebrities. His intelligence is recognized by everyone and he has the ambition to bring order to the world. He paid close attention to the development of the current situation, so he knew the world situation well. Known as "Wolong". Marry Huang Chengyan's daughter as his wife. In the twelfth year of Jian'an (AD 207), when Zhuge Liang was 27 years old, Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times, met with Zhuge Liang, and asked about the plan to unify the world. Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation at the time incisively and proposed to first seize Jing and Yi as base areas and reform the politics internally. , allied with Sun Quan, pacified the Yi and Yue in the south, and made peace with the Rong in the west. Waiting for the opportunity, they sent troops to the north to unify the country's strategic thinking. This conversation is the famous "Longzhong Dui". After listening to Zhuge Liang's incisive and thorough analysis, Liu Bei's thoughts suddenly became enlightened. He felt that Zhuge Liang's talent was rare, so he sincerely asked Zhuge Liang to come out and help him complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang then went out to assist Liu Bei and joined forces with Sun Yat-sen to fight against Cao Cao. Cao's army was defeated in the Battle of Chibi. The three kingdoms formed a tripartite force and captured Jingzhou. In the 16th year of Jian'an, Yizhou was captured. Then he defeated Cao Jun and captured Hanzhong. In the twenty-sixth year, Liu Bei established the Shu Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed prime minister to preside over the government. In the spring of the third year of Zhangwu (AD 223), Liu Bei was critically ill in Yong'an. He called Zhuge Liang to pay attention to the aftermath and said: "The king's talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and he will surely be able to stabilize the country and achieve great things. If the heir can assist, he will assist him; if he is like him, he will be able to help." If you are not talented, you can take it yourself." Zhuge Liang cried hurriedly: "I will do my best to help each other and be loyal to the chastity until death!" The queen came to the throne. Liu Chan, the later lord of the Shu Han Dynasty, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was granted the title of Marquis of Wuxiang and led the pastoral care of Yizhou. The Prime Minister's Office was established to handle daily affairs. At that time, all military, political, and financial matters in the country were decided by Zhuge Liang, with strict rewards and punishments. Externally, it formed an alliance with Soochow, and internally, it improved relations with all ethnic groups in the southwest, implemented farming, and strengthened war preparations. In the fifth year of Jianxing (AD 227), Liu Chan led his army to Hanzhong and made six northern expeditions to the Central Plains. Most of them were spent on food but without success. In the twelfth year, he finally became ill due to overwork and died of illness. In the original army of Wuzhang, Zhuge Liang entrusted Jiang Wei with his funeral affairs. He was an orthodox thinker who upheld feudal principles and upheld Confucian loyalty and morality. However, Zhuge Liang did not adhere to Confucian dogma. He respected the king and did not resist the barbarians. He marched into Nanzhong and conquered the barbarians and Yue. Zhuge Liang implemented the best national policy among the Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang became a model for later generations with his spirit of "devotion and sacrifice". China has portrayed Zhuge Liang as the embodiment of wisdom for thousands of years, and his legendary story has been passed down to the world. Tao Lue is resourceful, decisive and good at ingenuity. He once innovated the "Liannu", which can fire 10 arrows continuously; he also made the "Wooden Ox and Flowing Horse" to facilitate military transportation in the mountains; he also deduced the art of war, made the "Eight Formations", and invented the "Kongming Lantern". Zhuge Liang's uncle, Zhuge Xuan, was a famous scholar at that time. Zhuge Jin, the elder brother of Zhuge Liang, served as general and governor of the state of Wu, and led the shepherd of Yuzhou. Liang's younger brother, Zhuge Dan, served in the Wei Dynasty as a official, and moved to Yangzhou to be the governor of Zhendong. The three brothers, General and Sikong, are both famous, each in his own country.
At that time, it was thought that 'Shu got its dragon, Wu got its tiger, and Wei got its dog'" ("Shishuoxinyu·Pinzao" notes: Dogs are "gong dogs", although they are not as good as dragons and tigers. A very meritorious person, so he has a great reputation.). Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition After Zhuge Liang came to power, the first major thing he had to do was to restore diplomatic relations with Soochow. Zhuge Liang sent Shangshu Deng Zhi as an envoy to Soochow to persuade Sun Quan to unite with Shu and sever ties with Wei. , was instigated by Soochow and rebelled, seriously threatening the rear court of [Shu Han]. After Zhuge Liang came to power, he restored diplomatic relations with Soochow and cut off foreign aid from Nanzhong. After two years of recuperation, Zhuge Liang wrote to the emperor and determined to put down the rebellion in Nanzhong. In the spring of the third year of Xing Dynasty (AD 225), Zhuge Liang led his army in three groups to conquer Nanzhong. After the counter-insurgency battle, Zhuge Liang learned from the experience of "dividing the power among the feudal lords" and divided the four counties of Nanzhong into six counties. Jianning County, the center of the rebellion, was divided into the smallest divisions, and a large number of local officials were appointed to manage the area without retaining troops or transporting grain and grass. More than 10,000 "Qingqiang" families in the south were recruited into Shu, and used them to control the area. Qingzhuang formed five cavalry units, known as the "Flying Army": he established a surrender commander to take charge of the military affairs of Nanzhong. In December of that year, Zhuge Liang led his army back to Chengdu. He led his army to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition. He first trained his troops in Hanzhong for about a year, and then attacked northward. The three counties of Wei Nan'an (governing Longxi, Gansu), Tianshui, and Anding (governing Jichuan, Gansu) immediately surrendered to Shu. Emperor Wei Ming personally went to Chang'an to supervise the war, and used Cao Zhen to supervise the troops in Guanyou. He adopted a defense-oriented strategy. The Shu army first threatened to capture the county through Xiegu Road, and asked Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to lead an army to Jigu (today's Baocheng, Shaanxi). Northwest), Zhuge Liang led the main force to attack Qishan in the west. Ma Su led an army as the vanguard and stationed himself in Jieting. However, Ma Su's command was improper and he was defeated by the Wei army. The Shu army lost its advance base and had to retreat to Hanzhong (official history). There is no "empty city plan" to retreat Sima Yi's army). Zhuge Liang cried and beheaded Ma Su, demoted himself to the third rank, and assumed the post of prime minister as the right general. In the winter of the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), the Wei army attacked Wu in three directions. Guanzhong was empty. Zhuge Liang led his army to the north again. This time, the Shu army besieged Chencang for more than 20 days and retreated after running out of food. The army headed west and returned to Wei Wudu and Yinping counties. During this period, the conflict between Zhuge Liang and Li Yan became the focus of attention. It turned out that they were both under the tutelage of Liu Bei. As an assistant minister, the relationship between the two was relatively good until the fourth year of Jianxing (AD 226). Zhuge Liang also praised Li Yan in his letter to Meng Da. But soon, Li Yan wrote to Zhuge Liang, suggesting that he should use his power to control the government. Zhuge Liang was very angry about this and severely criticized Li Yan in his reply. Soon, Zhuge Liang was about to attack Wei. Before that, Li Yan was dispatched to guard Hanzhong with 20,000 troops under his command. However, Li Yan bargained, asking Zhuge Liang to carve out five counties from the east of Yizhou to establish Jiangzhou, and let him serve as the governor of Jiangzhou, so the transfer failed. Zhuge Liang put the overall situation first, so he compromised. In the seventh year of Jianxing, before Chen Zhen went to Soochow as an envoy, he went to Zhuge Liang to report on Li Yan's deceptions, and especially talked about some of Li Yan's misdeeds when he was an official in his hometown in his early years. , but it did not attract enough attention from Zhuge Liang. In the eighth year of Jianxing (AD 230), Cao's army wanted to attack Shu on three fronts. Zhuge Liang once again asked Li Yan to lead 20,000 troops to Hanzhong to take control. Li Yan bargained again. Zhuge Liang immediately gave in and appointed his son as the governor of Jiangzhou to take over Li Yan's job after he was transferred. Li Yan then carried out the transfer order. In the ninth year of Jianxing (AD 231), Zhuge Liang attacked Wei for the fourth time and ordered Li Yan to be responsible for logistics supply in Hanzhong. Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang saying that the emperor ordered the troops to withdraw. After Zhuge Liang retreated, he deceived the court and said that the retreat was to lure the enemy. When Zhuge Liang came back, he pretended to be surprised and asked: "The army rations are enough, why did you suddenly retreat?" So, Zhuge Liang took out Li Yan's letter as evidence when he went to court, and signed it with many soldiers to impeach Li Yan. , exempted him from being a commoner and exiled him to Zitong. In February of the twelfth year of Jianxing (AD 234), Zhuge Liang launched his fifth Northern Expedition. He led his army out of Xiegu and occupied Wuzhangyuan (forty miles south of today's Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). This time we sent troops, we had made an appointment with Soochow to attack Wei at the same time.
However, Dongwu delayed sending troops. It was not until May that Sun Quan sent Lu Xun and Zhuge Jin to lead troops to station in Jiangxia and Miokou (now Hanpu, Hubei) to attack Xiangyang. Sun Quan himself led a large army to surround Hefei Xincheng. In this regard, Emperor Wei Ming's strategy was to defeat Soochow first. He personally led the navy to march eastward, and asked Sima Yi, who was guarding the west, to hold on without fighting, and let the Shu army retreat after running out of food. But when Sun Quan learned of the Wei master's intentions, he believed that his side had become the main battlefield and suffered a loss, so he ordered his troops to withdraw across the board. On the Western Front. In view of past lessons, Zhuge Liang divided his troops into fields and planned to stay there for a long time. In August of this year, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell ill and died on the front line at the age of fifty-four. The Shu army withdrew across the board. Zhuge Liang left a will during his lifetime: "To be buried in Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, just dig a grave in the hillside. The grave can hold the coffin. Wear ordinary clothes and do not have burial utensils." For details, see the book's record of Zhuge Liang. "Three Kingdoms". Volume 35? "Book of Shu Zhuge Liang Biography". Written by Chen Shou of Jin Dynasty. Commentary: Zhuge Liang is the prime minister of the country. He cares for the people, shows rituals, appoints officials, obeys the authority, is sincere, and delivers justice. Those who are loyal and beneficial will be rewarded even if they are hated. Those who break the law and neglect will be punished even if they are close to each other. Those who admit guilt and lose love will be punished. No matter how important it is, it must be explained; no matter how light it is, the person who embellishes it with rhetoric must be killed; the good will not be rewarded if it is small, and the evil will not be devalued if it is not small; common things should be refined, stick to their roots, follow the name and responsibility, and be hypocritical; finally within the realm of the state , fearful but loving, and those who have no complaints despite harsh punishments and policies, because their intentions are calm and their warnings are clear. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern, and Guan and Xiao are inferior to each other. However, he has been trying to mobilize the masses for many years without success, so he must adapt to the general strategy, which is not his strength! Historical evaluation of Chen Shou: ① Zhuge Liang is the prime minister of the country, cares for the people, shows rituals, appoints officials, obeys the authority, is sincere, and delivers justice; those who are loyal and beneficial will be rewarded, even if they are loyal, and those who break the law and neglect will be punished, even if they are close, and they will plead guilty. Those who lose love will be relieved no matter how serious they are; those who use rhetoric and clever rhetoric will be killed no matter how minor they are; good deeds will not be rewarded if they are small, and evil will not be devalued if they are not small; common things should be refined, stick to their roots, adhere to names and responsibilities, and be disdainful of hypocrisy; in the end, we will be together. Within the territory, those who are fearful but love them, and those who have no resentment despite severe punishments and administrations, can be seen as having a calm mind and clear warnings. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern, and Guan and Xiao are inferior to each other. However, he has been trying to mobilize the masses for many years without success, so he must adapt to the general strategy, which is not his strength! ② When he is about to die, his heir will be young and weak, and he will be dedicated to everything, no matter how big or small. Therefore, we connected with Soochow outside and pacified Nanyue inside. We implemented laws and regulations, organized the military and brigades, and used industrial and mechanical skills to the utmost. We were strict in science and education. We must believe in rewards and punishments. No evil will be punished and no good will be shown. As for officials, they will not tolerate rape. Be self-reliant, do not pick up lost things, the strong does not invade the weak, and the demeanor is awe-inspiring. ③Li Shu thought about it and thought it was true. To this day, the people of Liang and Yi still hear the words in their ears from those who have consulted Liang. Although Gantang sings about Zhao Gong and Zheng people sing about Zichan, they are incomparable. Mencius once said: "If you use the way of leisure to make people work, you will not complain even if you work; if you use the way of life to kill people, you will not be angry even if you die." Believe it! Commentators may blame Liang for not being brilliant in his writing, but being too thoughtful and thoughtful about Ding Ning. I foolishly thought that Jiu Yao was a great virtuous person and the Duke of Zhou was a sage. He examined the ministers and found out that Jiu Yao was brief and elegant, and that Zhou Gong's edicts were troublesome and thorough. Why? Jiu Yao talked with Shun and Yu, and the Duke of Zhou swore an oath with his subordinates. Liang's words are meant for all ordinary people, so his writings cannot reach far. However, the last words of his teachings are all based on historical facts, and his sincerity and sincerity are reflected in his writings, which are enough to understand the person's thoughts and principles, and they can be useful to the current world. ④ However, a talented man is better at governing the army, a clever plan is a shortcoming, and he is better at managing the people than general strategy. However, the enemy we faced may have talented people, but the numbers were too small, and their attack and defense were different. Therefore, even though they mobilized the masses for many years, they were unable to defeat them. In the past, Xiao He recommended Han Xin, and Guan Zhong promoted Wang Zicheng's father. They both considered their own strengths and could not take advantage of both. A bright weapon can govern politics, but it can also control and Xiao's Yapi. At that time, the famous generals did not have Chengfu and Han Xin, so their achievements were delayed and their righteousness was not as good as evil? Destiny has its destiny and cannot be fought with intelligence. ⑤Liang rarely has the talent to stand out from the crowd and is the weapon of heroic domination. ⑥ Prime Minister Zhuge was brave, loyal and strong, forgetting about himself and the country. Character evaluation of Yang Xi: Zhongwu Yinggao, offering advice to Jiangbin, conquering Wu and Lianshu, and being powerful and true. After receiving the legacy of A Heng, he improved his martial arts and improved his writing, spread out his moral education, studied physics and changed the wind, and the wise and foolish competed with each other in their minds, forgetting their own bodies. In the country of Jingjing, the four descendants of Sui came to the enemy's court many times, showing off their power, studying the great country, and hating Wei Yi. Zhang Yi: Rewards should not be far away, punishments should not be close, no title should be obtained without merit, and punishment should not be avoided by high power. This is why virtuous and foolish people forget their own bodies. Jia Xu: Zhuge Liang is good at governing the country. Liu Ye: Zhuge Liang was wise in governing and became the prime minister. Fu Qian: Zhuge Liangda knows how to manage changes, is upright and thoughtful, and acts as a leader. Liu Bei: ① If you are ten times as talented as Cao Pi, you will definitely be able to secure the country and make great decisions. ② The solitary one has holes, just like a fish has water. Cao Rui: Great ambition but no opportunity, many plans but few decisions, good soldiers but no power! Sima Yi: He is a genius in the world! There are many monuments commemorating Zhuge Liang, and there are dozens of them across the country.
Zhuge Liang was the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty. He was named "Wuxianghou" during his lifetime (Wuxiang is in Wuxiang Town, Hanzhong City today). After his death, he was posthumously named "Zhongwuhou" by Liu Chan. Therefore, historically, his temple was revered as "Wuxianghou". Hou Temple". The earliest Wuhou Temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang is in Mian County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Wuhou Temple in Mian County was built in the spring of the sixth year of Jingyao (AD 263). Facing the Tomb of Marquis Wu in Dingjun Mountain. Wuhou Temple in Mian County is the No. 1 Wuhou Temple in the world. The Wuhou Temple in Mian County is located at the former site of the "Xingyuan Prime Minister's Mansion" where Zhuge Liang went to Hanzhong to station troops for the Northern Expedition. Currently, the most famous ones include Wuhou Temple in Chengdu and Wuhou Temple in Mian County, as well as Wuhou Temple in Nanyang, Wuhou Temple in Baidi City, Wuhou Temple in Baoshan, Yunnan, and Wuhou Temple in Qishan. In addition, there are the Wuzhangyuan Zhuge Temple built before the Tang Dynasty, and the Wuhou Palace (Puqi, Hubei Province) built in the Ming Dynasty. The tribe signed an alliance with Shu Han Prime Minister Zhuge Liang and submitted to the Shu Han court, swearing to guard the border and never rebel. For 1,700 years, the Wa people have always followed this covenant. In 1934, when the British army attacked the Banhong and Banlao areas, the Wa people kept this covenant in mind. King Banlao rose up to resist, organized the Wa armed forces, and swore an oath of allegiance to their most respected "grandfather" - Zhuge Liang. This is the famous "Ban Hong Incident". 2. The "Tea Ancestor" worshiped by six ethnic minorities. "Pu'er Prefecture Ancient Relics" records: It is said that Marquis Wu traveled across the six mountains, leaving copper gongs in Youle, placing copper trowels in Mangzhi, burying iron bricks in Manchurian bricks, leaving wooden clasps in Yibang, and burying horse pedals in Gedeng. , put a sack in Mancai, and it was named after its mountain. One of the six major tea mountains is called Kongming Mountain. The local people also call the tea tree "Kongming Tree" and respect Zhuge Liang as the "Ancestor of Tea". To this day, the villages of the Jinuo, Blang, Wa, Dai, Hani and Zhuang ethnic groups hold a gathering called the "Tea Ancestor Meeting" every year on Zhuge Liang's birthday. They sing and dance while admiring the moon, setting off Kongming lanterns, and worshiping Zhuge Liang. . Other records about Zhuge Liang Wuzhangyuan Wuzhangyuan is located in Qishan County, Baoji City, 130 kilometers away from Xi'an in the east, 56 kilometers away from Baoji in the west, and 25 kilometers away from Qishan County in the north. It is more than 20 meters high and covers an area of ??about 12 square kilometers. Wuzhangyuan is surrounded by Qipan Mountain in the south and Weihe River in the north. The east and west sides are deep ditches carved by the river, making the situation dangerous. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang stationed troops in Wuzhangyuan to fight against Sima Yi. He later died of illness in Wuzhangyuan due to overwork, and Wuzhangyuan became famous all over the world. It was Zhuge Liang's last battlefield during the Three Kingdoms period. In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang led his troops from Hanzhong, crossed the Qinling Mountains, and stationed in Wuzhangyuan. When we first arrived, we were short of food and grass, so we first settled in the fields to train our troops and waited to attack Wei. Wei general Sima Yi was well aware of Zhuge Liang's clever plan, so he stayed on the north bank of the Wei River and did not dare to send troops rashly. The two sides remained in a stalemate for a hundred days at Wuzhangyuan without fighting. Zhuge Liang had to lure the Wei soldiers into Hulugou to fight, and set fire to the valley entrance in order to defeat Wei general Sima Yi. Unexpectedly, there was a heavy rain, and the Wei army narrowly escaped death. In the autumn of the same year, Zhuge Liang died of illness in the army, and the Shu army was defeated. When Sima Yi entered the place where Zhuge Liang was commanding the battle, he saw the dangerous position of the Shu army and exclaimed: "There are geniuses in the world." In order to commemorate Zhuge Liang, later generations built a temple here. According to local folklore, when Zhuge Liang died, a star fell from the sky, hence the name. The place where Zhuge Liang farmed was known as "Zhuge Tian". There are still remnants of a half-meter-high city wall where Zhuge Liang set up military tents to command operations. It is about 250 meters long from north to south and nearly 100 meters wide from east to west. The local people named this small castle "Huoluo City". On the Qinling hillside south of Huoluo City, there is a flat stone with chessboard lines on it. It is said that Zhuge Liang played chess here, so the mountain was named "Qipan Mountain". Many "Zhuge pots" have been found in the soil of Wuzhangyuan, and the iron pots have official script characters of the Han Dynasty cast on them. Wudaiyuan is now a farmland, and tourists here always want to find the relics and rumors of the ancient battlefield. There is a bay in the middle of the farmland, which is called Luo Xing Bay locally, and the village in the bay is called Luo Xing Fort. At the north end of Wuzhangyuan is the Zhuge Liang Temple, which was founded in the early Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. On the walls on both sides of the Xian Hall in the temple, there are paintings of stories of the Three Kingdoms, such as Ancient City Meeting, Empty City Strategy, Three Wars with Lu Bu, etc. There are 40 pieces of bluestone inlaid under the mural. Yue Fei's handwriting of "Execution Model" is engraved on the stone with vigorous and powerful handwriting. In front of the stone, there is a stone inscription by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, praising Yue Fei: "pure and uninflected, his writing is like his person". (Some say it was Xiangyang Longzhong, others said it was Nanyang, is it difficult to say?) A magical plan to save future generations. Whether this incident is true or not cannot be verified. Judging from the records, it is still possible. According to legend, Zhuge Liang said to his descendants before he died: "After my death, one of you will encounter a fatal disaster in the future.
At that time, you have demolished the house, and there is a paper package inside the wall with a remedy. "After Zhuge Liang died, Sima Qian conquered the world and became emperor. He learned that one of the generals in the court was a descendant of Zhuge Liang, so he wanted to punish him. One day, Sima Qian found an excuse and sentenced the general to death. In In the Golden Palace, Sima O asked: "What did your grandfather say before he died?" The general told him what Zhuge Liang said in detail. After Sima Qian heard this, he ordered his soldiers to tear down the house and take out the paper package. There was a letter inside the paper package, which said: "Meet the Emperor." And open it." The soldiers handed the letter to Qian, who opened it and saw the words inside: "Return three steps after the visit. "Qian immediately stood up and took three steps back. As soon as he stood firm, he heard a "click" sound, and a piece of jade fell from the roof facing the dragon case. The table and chairs were smashed into pieces. Qian was shocked. I broke out in a cold sweat. Then I looked at the back of the letter and said, "I saved your life, please save the lives of my descendants." "After reading this letter, I secretly admired Zhuge Liang's miraculous calculation. Later, he restored the general to his post. Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo seven times. Zhuge Liang captured and raped Meng Huo seven times. Meng Huo's place was located in Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province today. Zhuge Liang marched south, and captured seven out of seven. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei, Shu, and Wu divided the country. Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of Shu, was ordered by Emperor Zhaolie to make a northern expedition to revive the Han Dynasty. After conquering Shu, Zhuge Liang immediately ordered troops to march south. When they arrived in the southern barbarian territory, Zhuge Liang won a complete victory in the first battle and captured the southern barbarian leader Meng Huo. Zhiyixiao ordered Meng Huo to be released. After Meng Huo was released, Kong Ming found his lieutenant and deliberately said that Meng Huo had blamed him for the rebellion. The lieutenant was very angry and shouted injustice. He also put him back. After the deputy general returned to the camp, he was still angry. One day, he invited Meng Huo into his tent, tied him up and sent him to the Han camp. Kong Ming used a trick to capture Meng Huo. Meng Huo was still dissatisfied, so Zhuge Liang let him go again. This time, the generals in the Han camp were a little confused. They thought it was a joke to let the enemy go so easily, but Kong Ming had a reason. : Only by persuading people with virtue can they truly be convinced; by persuading people by force, there will be consequences. Meng Huo returned to the cave again, and his brother Meng You gave him a plan in the middle of the night. When they arrived at the Han camp and pretended to surrender, Kong Ming saw through him at a glance, so he ordered a large amount of wine to be given to the Nanman soldiers, making the men Meng You brought drunk. At this time, Meng Huo came to rob the camp as planned, but unexpectedly. He threw himself into a trap and was captured again. This time, Meng Huo was still unwilling, so Kong Ming let the tiger go back to the mountain for the third time. Meng Huo returned to the camp and immediately started to reorganize the army. One day, a spy came to report: Kong Ming. Meng Huo was inspecting the terrain alone in front of the formation. After hearing this, Meng Huo was overjoyed and immediately led his men to capture Zhuge Liang. Unexpectedly, he fell into Zhuge Liang's trap again and became the turtle in the urn for the fourth time. Kong knew that he would not succeed this time. Convinced, Meng Huo led his troops back to the camp. One of the generals in his camp brought Yang Feng, the cave master, who was captured and released several times because he followed Meng Huo. He was very grateful to Zhuge Liang. He and his wife got Meng Huo drunk and took him to the Han camp. Meng Huo still refused to accept the arrest five times and shouted that he was framed by a traitor. So Kong Ming let him go for the fifth time and ordered him to fight again. After returning home, he did not dare to be careless, so he went to join King Mulu. The camp of King Mulu was extremely remote. Kong Ming led his troops there and went through many hardships along the way. In addition, the barbarians used wild beasts to fight, and the Han soldiers were defeated. . After that, the Han soldiers encountered several poisonous springs, which made the situation even worse. Fortunately, Kong Ming received advice from General Fu Bo and Meng Huo's brother Meng Jie, and they returned to the camp safely. Kong Ming created a fake beast that was several times larger than the real one. When they fought against King Mulu again, Mulu's men were so scared that they retreated without fighting. There was no reason to speak, but Kong Ming saw his thoughts and let him go. After Meng Huo was released, he went to the Ugo Kingdom. The king of the Ugo Kingdom, Wutu Gu, had a brave and capable rattan armored army, equipped with Vine armor is invulnerable. Kong Ming was already prepared for this. He used fire attacks to burn all the Ugo soldiers to death in a valley. Meng Huo was captured for the seventh time, and Kong Ming deliberately wanted to let him go again. Meng Huo hurriedly knelt down and swore that he would never rebel again. Seeing that he was sincerely convinced, Kong Ming felt that he could be used, so he appointed him to take charge of the Southern Barbarians. Meng Huo and others couldn't help being deeply moved after hearing this. From then on, Kong Ming no longer worried about the Nanman and concentrated on dealing with Wei.
Fengjie Baidi City----Liu Bei Tuogu and Water Eight Formations Baidi City is located at the mouth of Qutang Gorge, the first gorge of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. Baidi City, located on the north side of Kuimen and straddling the throat of Sichuan and Hubei, is a military fortification. It has a wide area and a long history. It was the first century AD (the end of the Western Han Dynasty). Gongsun Shu took control of Shu and called himself "White Emperor", where he built a city and fortified it. During the Three Kingdoms period, Emperor Liu Bei of the Shu Han Dynasty was defeated in his attack on Wu and retreated to Baidi City. He died of illness in Yong'an Palace. Before his death, he entrusted the affairs of the country (half of the country) and the family (only the orphan alive) to Prime Minister Zhuge Liang. This is the well-known "Liu Bei Tuogu" in China. The existing Baidi Temple is a Qing Dynasty building, including Mingliang Hall, Wuhou Temple, Tuogu Hall, Star Gazing Pavilion, etc., which promote historical celebrities related to "Tuogu" in many aspects. The Eight Formations of Water are located on the north bank of the Yangtze River, about six miles east of Fengjie County, Sichuan Province today. It is said that Zhuge Liang once built stones on the dam to form the Eight Formations of Water, commonly known as the "Eight Formations of Water". On the formation map, there are eight vertical and horizontal rows of stone barriers, with a distance of two feet between the rows, totaling sixty-four. Zhuge Liang and the Empty City Strategy Zhuge Liang's Empty City Strategy can be seen in the 95th chapter of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Ma Di refused to admonish and lost his place in the street pavilion, but Wu Marquis played the zither and retreated to Zhongda." Zhuge Liang's Empty City Strategy did not first appear in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It comes from the notes (Guo Chong Sanshi) of "Three Kingdoms" written by Chen Shou, the official historian. Zhuge Liang's Wisdom "Wisdom Sage" Zhuge Liang's wisdom is mainly reflected in the following eight aspects: 1. Not greedy for power. He is a very popular minister, but he does not pursue personal power, does not exercise power, and does not work for power. 2. Do not seek personal gain. He only lives on his salary and does not use his power for personal gain. In "The Book of Commandments", he put forward strict requirements, "A gentleman's journey should be quiet to cultivate one's moral character, and frugal to cultivate virtue. Without indifference, one cannot clarify one's ambitions, and without tranquility, one cannot reach far." He used indifference to Live a peaceful life. He said to his lord, "If on the day of my death, I don't have any leftover silk inside or gain money outside, I will be indebted to Your Majesty." When he died, it was indeed as he said. 3. Be strict with yourself. In the battle of Jieting, Ma Su violated the rules and caused the defeat, but he took the initiative to take responsibility: he demoted himself to the third level. He issued several proclamations encouraging soldiers to speak out and express their opinions, asking everyone to criticize their own mistakes and shortcomings. During his time in power, if mistakes were made, he would never leave them to others, but would self-examine and discipline himself. Although Li Yan and others were guilty of serious crimes, they all blamed themselves and reflected on their losses. 4. Know people well and assign them well. With his broad mind and pure heart, he selected and reused a large number of talents. His standard for selecting and employing people is that they have both ability and political integrity. He did not care about family background or seniority, but used people in an unconventional way, boldly granting important positions and entrusting them with important responsibilities. He Zhi was originally a clerk under Yang Hong, the prefect of Shu County. Yang Hong was also a minor official of Li Yan, the prefect of Jianwei County. Both He and Yang were successively promoted to prefects by Zhuge Liang, along with Li Yan. For this reason, he was praised as "the Western scholar who convinced Zhuge Liang was able to make the best use of the people of his time." When Zhuge Liang was appointed Prime Minister of Shu, in order to attract talents, he built a recruitment platform in the southern suburbs of Chengdu. After Liu Bei's death, he reused a group of outstanding talents with both political integrity and talent. Such as Jiang Wan, Li Shao, Ma Xun, Zong Yu, Du Wei, Ma Zhong, Qin Mi, Dong Yun, etc. This move of hiring people was praised as a "virtual move" by people at the time. In "Foreign Masters", he started from the principle of "close to virtuous ministers and stay away from villains", and solemnly recommended Dong Yun, Xiang Chong, etc. to his master. His fair and pure heart was rare. Among the civil and military officials Zhuge Liang re-employed, there were both scholars from Jingchu and Shu, Liu Zhang's old troops, and generals who had been surrendered from Wei. They had no disadvantages of cliques, and had the broad mind to embrace all "from all corners of the country" and unite them. The vast majority of people. There was a saying at that time: "Anyone who has done good things, even if you and Zhuge Liang don't know each other, Zhuge Liang will definitely reward you if he knows about it; anyone who has done bad things, even if you and Zhuge Liang are relatives, Zhuge Liang will punish you." Zhuge Liang enforces the law strictly in this way, with clear rewards and punishments. 5. Treat others with humility. If Zhuge Liang is compared with the celebrities at that time, such as Kong Rong and Mi Heng, it is obvious that the latter's reputation is not the same. Even compared with the extremely talented Zhou Yu, Lu Su and Sima Yi, it is still slightly higher. Zhuge Liang was selfless and fearless, modest and prudent, thoughtful, far-sighted, good at learning from the strengths of others, and melted into courage. 6. There is a good way to govern Shu. Zhuge Liang's criminal law in governing Shu was quite strict. He, Fazheng and others formulated the code "Shu Ke" and also drafted the "Eight Affairs", "Seven Precepts", "Six Fears", "Five Fears" and other subjects. Zhuge Liang promoted the development of agriculture in Shu. He attached great importance to the Dujiangyan water conservancy project, created "Yan officials" for full-time management, and adopted a policy of combining farming with war and farming with war to solve the problem of military food.
Zhuge Liang also paid great attention to handicraft industry. He restored the salt and iron franchise and went to the site to inspect the use of natural gas to boil salt. And set up "jinguan" in the city for special management. Later generations called Chengdu "Jinguan City", which originated from this. Zhuge Liang said: "Today, the people are in dire straits and the country is weak. The only way to defeat the enemy is to rely on Jin Er." Since Zhuge Liang not only promoted the development of production from the perspective of war, but more importantly, formulated policies to develop production from the perspective of stabilizing people's lives. As a result, the land of Shu was prosperous and stable with "expanded fields, solid warehouses, sharp tools, and abundant reserves." 7. Serve the people diligently. Zhuge Liang is a hero who knows what he can't do. He believes that everything is done by God and man is responsible for planning. In "Longzhong Dui", it is pointed out that "it is not just the timing of heaven, but also the plans of people." This belief ran through Zhuge Liang's life. He was down-to-earth, conscientious, and hands-on in everything. After receiving the order, he worried day and night to revitalize the Shu Han and unify China. 8. Be upright and honest. Zhuge Liang was not arrogant and did not pursue excessive fame and privileges. Li Yan once encouraged Zhuge Liang to add Jiuxi and become king. Zhuge Liang was unmoved and refused sternly: "Today's pursuit of the thieves has not been effective, and the confidant has not responded. However, it is not right to favor Qi Ting and sit in a noble position. If Wei Zhanrui is destroyed, his former residence is restored, and he is promoted along with the other disciples. Although ten lives can be accepted, how about nine evils! "The rise and fall of the country is higher than personal honor and disgrace. Don't be confused by the desire for power, and don't be burdened by fame and fortune. He is loyal and loyal to his close friends, and can be regarded as a model of loyal ministers and good officials in China's past dynasties. To sum up, in order to repay Liu Bei's "favor of knowing him", Zhuge Liang worked hard to assist Liu Bei in reviving the Han Dynasty, dedicated himself to death, and died. He gave full play to his ingenuity and put forward the ideas of "crossing Jing and benefiting", "harmonizing the Rong in the west", "pacifying the Yiyue in the south", "befriending Sun Quan externally", "cultivating political principles internally", and "resisting Cao Cao". of statecraft. He used both Confucianism and Legalism, governed the country by law, enforced the law strictly, and distinguished rewards and punishments; he valued talents and appointed people according to their merits; he assessed the situation and constantly adjusted domestic and foreign policies; he valued agricultural life, appeased exiles, treated corvees lightly, and developed society Economy; he personally led the army in the Northern Expedition, innovated weapons and equipment, and invented the Kongming Lantern and the Wooden Ox Style