Zhu Zhankui, "Zhongwu", was born in Xiaoyitun, Anci County, present-day Langfang City, in 1909. His grandfather was a member of the Boxer Rebellion, which enabled Zhu Zhankui to be influenced by Pu's patriotism since he was a child. In his early years, he sang opera, worked as a drummer, and worked as a guard for wealthy families.
In July 1935, he became the captain of the Yongqing County Security Team and the Garrison Dragon. Huzhuang. Longhuzhuang belongs to the fourth district of Yongqing. As soon as Zhu Zhankui arrived here, he was immediately involved in the struggle between the Wang faction, led by the brothers Wang Zhizhong and Wang Jianzhong, and the Zhao faction, led by Zhao Runmin and Shi Jinfu. Influenced by the "Movement", he conspired to plan the "autonomy movement" in Yongqing, Anci, Gu'an and other counties, and had made contact with the Fujin Japanese bandits. As for the Zhao faction, represented by intellectuals and enlightened Kunshi, most of them were literate. , full of national consciousness and simple patriotism, so Zhu Zhankui quickly sided with the Zhao faction and opposed the Wang faction's criminal behavior of betraying the country and surrendering to the enemy.
The "July 7" incident broke the peace. The fantasy of "one cow for half an acre of land" of farmers of the Nan'anci and Yongqing generations also aroused the anti-war enthusiasm of some patriotic youths such as Zhu Zhankui and Shi Jinfu. After several discussions, they agreed that "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country." It is necessary to use the weapons of the Yongqing Security Group as soon as possible to organize anti-Japanese troops to fight against the Japanese invaders. However, Zhu Zhankui's security team in Longhuzhuang only has one pistol and two guns. How can it fight against the Japanese invaders in order to obtain the government's support? After being appointed and funded, Zhu Zhankui, Shi Jinfu, Yu Fuzhi and others from Yongqing decided to write "official documents" and send them to Commissioner Zhang who was preparing for the Anti-Japanese War in Yongqing County, in order to wait for the appointment and funding, and then mobilize the team to fight against Japan.
Commissioner Zhang, named Han Quan, was appointed as the county magistrate of Anci County by Feng Zhi'an, Chairman of the Kuomintang Hebei Province before the Anti-Japanese War. This man was smart and capable, with patriotic ideas and military accomplishments. After the "July 7" Incident, he immediately organized. The Anci militia was training to annihilate the invading Japanese invaders. On July 25, 1937, the Japanese army captured Langfang. County Magistrate Zhang Hanquan mobilized the people of Anci County to actively fight against the Japanese invaders and the Kuomintang stationed in Langfang. The 129th Brigade of the 38th Division of the 29th Army raised and transported supplies; on the other hand, he personally led a part of the militia to the Langfang battlefield on the 26th to cooperate with the patriotic soldiers of the Kuomintang in fighting back the Japanese invaders. During the battle, Zhang Hanquan took the lead, starting from the 20th. The night of the 6th was busy until dawn on the 27th. Due to the close cooperation between the army and the people, more than 300 Japanese soldiers died, but our anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians suffered very few casualties. In order to mobilize more anti-Japanese comrades to fight against the Japanese invaders on a larger scale, the 129th Brigade and County Magistrate Zhang Hanquan returned to Anci County with the joy of victory and all the anti-Japanese soldiers at dawn on the 27th. In the morning, he moved to Yongqing County, where he gathered troops and prepared to annihilate the bandits. In early August, Zhang Hanquan was appointed by the Kuomintang's frontline command post as the commissioner of the Fifth Special Office of Hebei Province and the former enemy law enforcement officer. He met Zhu Zhankui. The next day, they sent someone to Longhu Village to invite Zhu Zhankui to Yongqing County. They hit it off immediately. Commissioner Zhang Hanquan immediately asked his secretary to write an appointment order for "Anci Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Captain Zhu Zhankui" and asked Zhu to join the organization. The troops raised their own firearms and, where possible, the government tried to ration them. After Zhu Zhankui accepted the appointment, he first relied on his connections in Longhuzhuang to mobilize the patriotic young people in Longhuzhuang to join the guerrillas. Then he returned to Anci, took Commissioner Zhang's appointment order, asked fellow villagers to fund weapons, and promoted propaganda to young warriors. The principle of resistance to Japan. In just two days, 29 people signed up to join the anti-Japanese team. Fan Guorui (forty-three years old, the oldest among the guerrillas), Zhu Zhanying, and Tian Baolin from Xiaoyitun Village in Guang'an County participated in the anti-Japanese war. Guerrillas. On August 18, 1937, the first anti-Japanese armed team in Anci County was formally established. This anti-Japanese guerrilla force consisted of thirty people and had three squads. They borrowed supplies and distributed only eight guns. :
2. Victory in the First Battle. At nine o'clock in the morning on August 19, this semi-armed force gathered in front of the main hall of Yongqing Confucian Temple and accepted the instructions given by Commissioner Zhang Hanquan to destroy the Ping-Tianjin Railway and prevent Japanese reinforcements. task. In the evening, the team set off from Yongqing and arrived at Delongzhan. The next day, the guerrillas held a discussion on how to succeed in breaking the road for the first time. Everyone agreed that in order to make this road-breaking operation successful, we must understand the situation and be fully prepared before taking action. This unified thinking laid the foundation for the first victory. “At two o’clock in the afternoon, Zhang Hanquan sent someone to deliver fifty armbands and five Zhang Hanquan business cards to the guerrillas.
The armband has a white orchid border, with the four orchid characters "Iron-Blooded Man" printed across the middle on the front, a number on the back, and Zhang Hanquan's hand stamp stamped on it. Zhang Hanquan's hand stamp is also stamped on the back of the business card to facilitate the team's contact with the local area. Everyone put on their armbands and looked at the four shining words "Iron-Blooded Man". Thinking of going to the front line to fight against the Japanese invaders, they felt warm and determined to complete the task of breaking the road, severely inflicting heavy damage on the Japanese invaders, and making contributions to the fellow villagers. The guerrillas stayed in Zongshijiajia Village in the west of Anci County that night. They sent the more experienced 43-year-old Fan Guoduan to carry a rag bag and go to Langfang Station Railway near Langfang Station overnight to learn about the situation. At dawn the next day, Fan Guorui returned to his station and reported to everyone the situation of the Japanese aggressors' defense and blockade near the railway. The guerrillas discussed the combat plan again, and Captain Zhu decided to start from the weak defense areas of the Japanese invaders. In the evening, the team set off from Zong Shi's housework and arrived at Zhumafang Village, three miles south of the railway. This place is between Langfang Station and Luobao Station, and there are no Japanese garrison. Zhu Zhankui asked the team members to rest and wait at the big temple in the east of the village. He walked alone to the railway three miles north of the village, observed the terrain, compared the size of the screws, and measured the length of the track, and then returned to the big temple. , after a brief pre-war mobilization, he led the guerrillas to retreat to Pei's house in the south. On the morning of August 22, Zhu Zhankui personally went to Anci County and asked a blacksmith to make crowbars and wrenches, and also made fake rails according to the size of the real rails. Return to Pei's house and experiment with the guerrillas on ways to break the rails. After everything was prepared, the semi-armed team returned to the Zhumafang Temple after dinner. Zhu Zhankui selected eight gunmen and divided them into three groups: one group of two people went to guard fifty meters north of the road; the second group of three people went to guard one hundred and fifty meters east of the broken road; the third group of three people went to the broken road. A warning was issued 150 meters west of the location. The sentry team members sat on the track, one to prevent sound transmission, and the other to monitor military vehicles in the direction of Ping and Tianjin. The rest of the team members take turns breaking the road. The meeting point for retreat after breaking the road is still the Zhumafang Temple. After the arrangement was completed, it was already eleven o'clock at night, everything was silent, the sky was starry, and the ground was pitch black. The guerrillas, led by captain Zhu Zhankui, walked north without anyone noticing. With the joy and uneasiness of the first battle, the team members quickly arrived at the broken road location. According to the captain's deployment, the team members were in their respective positions. Some were on guard, some were tightening screws, some were pulling out rods, and some were sledding rails. They were all working hard in an orderly manner. After a while, several road spikes were removed. However, the "battle" was not smooth. Because the wrench and the crowbar steel mouth were too soft, they deformed after only removing two screw nuts and a few road spikes, making it impossible to tighten them. Can't move, can't pry it open. The team members were extremely anxious, and time kept moving forward. At this time, the Japanese trains had passed three trains in a row. Zhu Zhankui looked at the stars. It was about three o'clock in the morning. Time waits for no one. What should I do? At this time, another train came from Tianjin. Zhu Zhankui made a decision immediately. He ordered the team members to collect their tools and evacuate south while picking up a big stone. Put them on the railway, and at the same time ordered a team member to pull out an armful of grass and cover them with stones. Then they rolled into the ditch in the south of the road one after another, then got up and ran away. When they ran more than fifty meters south, the enemy's front car and the first four carriages collided with rocks and overturned in the ditch south of the road. After a while, the neighing of military horses and the cries of Japanese soldiers rang out from the overturned carriage. It turned out that this was the cavalry transported by the Japanese invaders to the northwest front. Under the leadership of Zhu Zhankui, the guerrillas won their first battle and successfully withdrew to the stable. On August 23, the news that the Anci anti-Japanese guerrillas successfully broke through the road for the first time disappeared and quickly spread in the Anci and Yongqing areas. Anci's anti-Japanese guerrillas were praised by Zhang Hanquan and received a commendation by express mail from Feng Zhian, Chairman of Hebei Province. The victory in the first battle not only defeated the enemy and expanded the team, but also greatly inspired the anti-Japanese enthusiasm of these passionate men.
3. Second Road Breaking In order to further attack the enemy, the Anci County guerrillas followed Zhang Hanquan's instructions and prepared for the second road breaking. In view of this first road-breaking experience, we must prepare tools. We looked around for handy wrenches and crowbars. They finally found tools to remove the rails through connections at a railway maintenance station. They also made two small black flags and four small white flags, and determined a simple flag language, eliminating the trouble of running on the railway for the first time. On August 26, the guerrillas relied on their familiarity with the terrain and features to determine the target of breaking the road, which was a section of railway track in Guxian Village. Guxian Village is located between Langfang and Wanzhuang, so...it has a lot of room for maneuver. According to the plan, this armed force crossed the river from Shuangying, passed Hancun, and arrived at Chuizhuang in the evening.
After dinner, in order to prevent the bad guys from informing them, the team members claimed to go back to Han Village. At ten o'clock, they walked out of the south entrance of Chuizhuang, turned east, turned north, passed Liu Gezhuang Village, and stopped in the southwest of Guxian Village. Zhu Zhankui once again went to the railway alone. After clarifying the situation, he returned to the team to assign tasks. He proposed that this time he should overturn the enemy's car before breaking the road, and then seize the opportunity to rush onto the train and eliminate the Japanese invaders. Due to the shortage of weapons, the people had to be divided into two parts to break the road this time. One part demolished the track and the other dug fortifications. After the work was completed, they rushed towards the enemy together. This time, because the tools were readily available, the guerrillas took just over two hours to remove a large section of railway track. At one o'clock at night on November 11, the anti-Japanese guerrillas clamped the prepared large stones at the broken ends of the railway tracks as planned and immediately withdrew into the fortifications. Not long. A train came from Langfang. The train was approaching, but it stopped again. What happened? The team members observed carefully and found that it was a light oil truck for repairing and inspecting the track. Then another car drove behind it. Overexploitation, in an instant, the panting front of the car and dozens of carriages hit rocks and derailed and overturned. When the guerrillas were preparing to get on the train to kill the enemy, the light oil truck behind them opened fire. The machine gun sprayed out tongues of flame and fired dense bullets at both sides of the railway. Since the enemy was strong and we were weak, we could not get close to the enemy, so the guerrillas had to quickly withdraw to the Chu Zhuangdaokou. Although the anti-Japanese guerrillas in Anci County did not kill the Japanese invaders with their own hands, the second time they broke the road caused the Japanese invaders to suffer heavy losses, once again destroyed the majesty of the Japanese invaders and strengthened the aspirations of the Chinese people.
4. Historical turning point The anti-Japanese guerrillas in Anci County broke through the railway twice and overturned the Japanese invaders' columns, causing the Japanese aggressors to suffer heavy military losses. In order to ensure the smooth flow of railway transportation, the Japanese invaders mobilized a large number of troops to set up defenses along the road, and pushed the troops to the south of Pingjin Road. They used regiments as units to set up defenses along the villages to prevent the activities of the anti-Japanese guerrillas and the Kuomintang anti-Japanese troops. . Without resistance, the Kuomintang government transferred away the 29th Army that insisted on resisting the war and replaced it with Wan Fulin's 53rd Army. In early September, the Kuomintang Hebei Provincial Government called and appointed Zhu Zhankui as the captain of the guerrilla corps of the fifth administrative region of Hebei Province, with jurisdiction over Anci, Yongqing, Baxian, Gu'an, Wuqing and other counties. This has expanded to an Anci, with 60 to 70 people. The second anti-Japanese guerrilla group was classified as the Fifth Guerrilla Corps. They continued to fight against the Japanese invaders. On September 13, the Japanese invaders sent dozens of aircraft to bomb the junction of Gu'an and Yongqing indiscriminately. Then the Japanese invaders launched a massive attack southward under the cover of tanks and artillery. The 53rd Army of the Kuomintang abandoned its armor and fled south. The Fifth Guerrilla Corps of Hebei, in order to preserve its strength when the enemy was strong and we were weak, withdrew to Xinzhen together with Zhang Hanquan. The Japanese invaders burned, killed, and looted along the way, committing all kinds of evil. The guerrillas were all filled with anger and determination to return to the Anci area to avenge the villagers. At the repeated requests of Zhu Zhankui and his team members, Zhang Hanquan approved their journey north. However, when the guerrillas returned to Yongqing and Baxian areas, the masses had been forced to flee in all directions, and it was very difficult for the troops to provide combat supplies. This lone army had no choice but to withdraw south again. They passed from Wen'an through Zhengzhou, passed Suning, and then passed through Anping and arrived in Anguo. They finally got news about the Jizhong Anti-Japanese People's Self-Defense Forces who persisted in the war of resistance. The guerrillas were like rain after a long drought. Zhu Zhankui led the team to directly Go to the People's Self-Defense Army Commander Lu Zhengcao, the former head of the 691st Regiment of the 53rd Army of the Kuomintang. After Commander Lu learned about the situation of the Anci guerrillas, he immediately reorganized this armed force into the First Battalion of the Third Regiment of the People's Self-Defense Army and appointed Zhu Zhankui as the battalion commander. On February 11, 1938, the First Battalion of the Third Regiment of the Jizhong People's Self-Defense Army, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, was reorganized into the People's Self-Defense Army's Northward Anti-Japanese Vanguard and went north to the Qing Dynasty and Hebei, launching a vigorous campaign Later, on the basis of the Anti-Japanese Vanguard, it was changed to the Fifth Division of the Central Hebei Military Region. The anti-Japanese armed forces grew to more than 15,000 people and established an outstanding anti-Japanese base area for the opening up of the anti-Japanese base areas in the Pingtian, Tianjin, and Baojiang triangles. of merit. War criminal Masaru Uesaka recalled this incident when he was tried at the Shenyang Special Military Court (then captain of the 163rd Regiment): ...I remembered a battle before this. It was November 27, 1941. I led the 163rd Infantry Regiment to surround Dali Gezhuang, Qingyuan County, Hebei Province. After the 3rd Brigade entered the village, it sent five scouts headed by a superior soldier to conduct reconnaissance. They saw a yard was not closed, so they walked in. Unexpectedly, bullets were fired from inside, and they immediately responded. After shooting at each other for a while, there was no sound inside. They immediately rushed in and captured three Eighth Route Army soldiers. They took the three men back to the brigade headquarters for interrogation and found out that one of them was General Zhu Zhankui, commander of the 10th Military Division of the Jizhong Military Region of the Eighth Route Army.
I ordered the 3rd Brigade to send these three prisoners to the regiment headquarters to stay overnight, and then send them to the 110th Division Headquarters in Shijiazhuang the next day. It is said that later, General Zhu Zhankui successfully escaped when the Japanese army escorted him from Beijing to Baoding. In that battle, our regiment captured 35 prisoners, including General Zhu Zhankui, killed 50 Eighth Route Army soldiers, and plundered about 60 rifles.
It is also mentioned in He Tianyi's "The Beginning and End of Shijiazhuang Concentration Camp": Protect comrades and attack traitors. Due to class sympathy and national sympathy, most prisoner-of-war management cadres are more concerned about their fellow prisoners. I hate traitors and traitors who actively surrender to the enemy. When prisoner-of-war laborers entered the camp for interrogation, those who answered that they admired Wang Jingwei were often reprimanded and scolded; traitors who claimed to have surrendered to the enemy with guns but refused to mend their ways after repeated admonitions were regarded as "fake surrender" and given revolutionary punishments, including a severe beating. Or teach them a lesson through the hands of the enemy. For example, after Zhu Zhankui, the commander of the 10th District in Central Hebei Province, was arrested, he was afraid of death and defected to the Japanese army. Wang Mingsan, Zhao Yuying and others mobilized everyone to isolate him; while Wang Wenbo, the political commissar of the Supply Department of the Central Hebei Military Region who was arrested with him, was determined to fight because of his determination. Fighting to death, everyone tried to save him and take care of him. Similarly, when female prisoners of war were about to be humiliated by the enemy, Wang Mingsan and others stepped forward. When Wang Mingsan was imprisoned in the dungeon, Wang Wenbo, squad leader Li Wentian and others actively rescued her.
There is this record in "Memoirs of Nie Rongzhen": "One day he suddenly came to see me in Zhaibei, where the military region is stationed. According to him, he escaped by jumping from a train while being escorted by the enemy. He His talk was garish, and the more he talked about it, the more bizarre it became, and the more he talked about it, the more people couldn't believe it. Suspicion. Judging from his later behavior, that was not the case at all. Zhu Zhankui rebelled several times. He was released by the enemy during the Liberation War. Zhu Zhankui was a gangster. There is a trick, if you don't look at the long-term action, you will often fall into his trap. At that time, I was alert, so I didn't let him go back to Jizhong and stayed in Zhaibei for a while. When we went to Yan'an in 2009, we took him to Yan'an and wanted to examine him carefully. However, we were unable to draw a conclusion for him in Yan'an and the problem was dragged on. "
"Public Security in North China. "War" specifically mentioned Zhu Zhankui and said this: "The front army originally wanted to use Zhu Zhankui to carry out political work in Jizhong, but he escaped near Wangdu on May 28, 1942 while being escorted. Zhu was the original tenth soldier in Jizhong The district commander was captured by the 110th Division together with his guards in November 1941. The commander of the front army summoned him and conducted soft treatment on him through the North China Political Affairs Commission Qixinyuan for about two months. Zhu Zhankui was wanted, but Zhu finally ran away. This shows that it is difficult for a strong Communist Party member to betray him. "Military Commander Chen Gongshu's "Records of Fighting the Rebellion in Pingjin Area" is the Kuomintang's response. Zhu Zhankui's most detailed notes. The following is from the Pingjin area to appease the Rebellion (6th). At the beginning of the eight-year war of resistance, Zhu Zhankui was inspired by his patriotic enthusiasm and gathered his fellow villagers to fight against Japan. After being kidnapped by the Japanese army during a raid, Xingji escaped by jumping out of a car during the escort and survived with only minor injuries. After recovering a little, he headed south with the intention of continuing to fight against Japan. However, he accidentally fell into the Japanese Army Lu Zhengcao's unit because he didn't know the details. At that time, the Kuomintang was cooperating with foreign countries, and Zhu was content with the situation. A few years later, Zhu Zhankui was appointed as the commander of the "Fifth Military Division" under the "Jizhong Military Region" under the "Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region" of the Central Military Commission. Soon, he was transferred to the "Anti-Japanese University" in Yan'an for training, and then sent back to Jizhong. Zhu Zhankui's situation was not all smooth sailing. I don't know what happened this time, but he was finally punished on charges of "capitulationism" and "petty bourgeois consciousness." It is said that Zhu was so angry that he threw himself off a cliff and failed to commit suicide. He fell again and was injured.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the bandit chief He Long sent him to help Xiao Ke to harass places inside and outside the Jidong Great Wall. He was captured by the national army and liberated Nanjing. At that time, Zhu's position was equivalent to that of a brigade commander. After Zhu surrendered, the government gave him preferential treatment because of his good performance. He first stayed in the Ministry of National Defense, and in the autumn of 1936, he went north with the "First Brigade of the Appeasement Corps" and served as the county magistrate of Anci County. Since then, he has been promoted several times, and has been appointed as the administrative inspector and security commander of "Hebei Province × Region".
This unit was ordered to cooperate closely with them and fought side by side many times in the "Pingjin-Bao Triangle" with good results.
By the end of 1937, the situation had reversed, and Zhu was unstable. He actually used the excuse of expanding the guerrilla area to trick our "Second Command Room" and "Direct Commando Team" into going deep into the bandit area, in an attempt to coerce and surrender to the bandits, but failed. It was confirmed the next day: Zhu Zhankui had rebelled.
Afterwards, there were different opinions and different views. Someone warned: "From this incident, we can deeply realize that the Communist Party is the Communist Party, and its essence is always difficult to change. This is a bloody fact, which can be used as a basis for our anti-Communist Party A painful lesson learned in the struggle." Others thought: "The Communist Party of China is also Chinese. If the poisoning is not deep, most of them will wake up. Those who want to cling to that sign and refuse to relax are not for this. What doctrines and beliefs are, in a word: power and position." There are also those who prefer the spy perspective. They think: "A person like this who has surrendered must be monitored secretly even if he is used. If he is watched closely, Then this kind of thing wouldn't happen." The author's personal opinion is: This is a "political" issue. When dealing with this type of matter, you might as well keep an open mind and maintain a political demeanor.
Everything about Zhu Zhankui is described below based on each fact - First of all, I will tell you my personal impression of him: Although this is subjective, what I said is the truth. I can’t remember how many times I have met with Zhu Zhankui. Each time, we just talked and solved problems in a few words. We never chatted or socialized. Every time he came from the defense line to Peiping, he almost always visited the brigade headquarters; only once was when I went to Jinghai on the Jinpu Line to inspect the work of the "Second Command Room", he also rode on horseback to welcome me. He rarely wears military uniform, and even when he does, he does not wear a major general collar badge. There is a section that is very funny to say. Although he was awarded the rank of major general by our Ministry of Defense, whenever he saw me, a colonel one level below him, he always raised his hands to salute me or took off his hat and bowed to me. On the contrary, it made me very embarrassed. He doesn't know how to speak sweet words, and is even a bit dull. I don't see this as artificial, but I think he is a simple and honest person. But does it contain some element of self-restraint? Because I didn’t have enough contact, I couldn’t observe clearly for a while.
Zhu Zhankui was born in a peasant family and could be classified as a poor household. He had not received much education since he was a child, so he naturally had no level of knowledge. Although I can write with a pen, I only learned it slowly later. It is said that when he first entered society, he worked as a "trumpet player" for a while. His "trumpeter" really plays with a trumpet and is not synonymous with propaganda. In our northern towns and villages, "playing a trumpeter" is also considered a profession, and you must be taught by a teacher. You can't just pick up a trumpet and play randomly. In that era, there were several people who formed a musical troupe; there was also a single person who held a small trumpet under his diaphragm and was dedicated to attending the weddings and funerals of small families and playing for two meals. Zhu Zhankui may belong to the latter. In fact, this is also a freelance job, and there is nothing mean about it. It is intended to illustrate the circumstances he encountered when he was a boy, and it is certainly not a slight because of it. "In the winter of 1937, when Northeast China fell and the situation in North China reversed, Zhu Zhankui changed his mind and, possibly under coercion and inducement, actually set a trap to trap me in a joint operation with us, but he led his troops to join the bandits. Later, for decades, the author never saw the name "Zhu Zhankui" in the Communist Party materials. Thinking about it, he either disappears from the world or collapses. The best outcome is to demobilize and return to his hometown to resume his old job - playing the trumpet.