The rise of the city of Yantai (also known as "Qishan") can be traced back to the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. In the 31st year of Hongwu (1389), in order to defend against the invasion of foreign invaders, an alarm pier was built on the Beishan Mountain (now Yantai Mountain) on the other side of Zhifu Island, which gave it the name "Yantai". At the same time, the military organization "Qishan Guards Qianshusuo" was established and the Qishansuo City with solid walls was built. This is the reason why Yantai is also called "Qishan". Now, almost all the old villages have been turned into urban streets and alleys, while all the cities are preserved as historical monuments. Suo City is often called "Suo City" in Yantai. Although the city is not big, it has east, south, west and north gates. In addition to the cross streets, there is Gengdao Street that runs along the old city wall. Everything still retains its original features. The layout of the military garrison city. A city from the Ming Dynasty and a city from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The city is surrounded by high-rise buildings, like an ancient tree, which is the root of Yantai city.
Fushan County was established in 1131 AD (the ninth year of Jin Tianhui). Zhifu Island was classified as Dongbei Bao of Fushan County, and Zhifu Village was classified as Zhifu Society. Since then, Zhifu has been under the jurisdiction of Fushan County until 1934, when the Shandong Provincial Government established the Yantai Special Administrative Region, which was separated from Fushan County and placed under the Yantai Special Administrative Region. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, some residents of Zhifu Village began to move to the south of Zhifu Bay, making a living by fishing or farming on the hills. In addition, there are also several scattered fish houses and Shanmao, with only a few hundred people. Most of them are seasonal floating people. There are no officially named villages. There are also fixed fishermen among them, such as Gao, Chu, Xia, Yu, Yao, etc. Diao Zhu, in addition to being engaged in fishing, also occupied mountains and allocated land for self-cultivation, and were called "Zhanshan households". These residents can be regarded as early Yantai residents.
In the early Ming Dynasty, Japanese pirates invaded the coastal borders, causing great harm to the people and causing unrest in the country. In order to prevent the invasion and harassment of Japanese pirates, the Ming Dynasty adopted the military prevention strategy of "building small cities and building garrison stations" and established garrison stations in key areas of states and counties across the country (roughly staffed, 5,600 people per guard, and command historians: 1,120 people per person) For offices with one thousand households, there are officials; for 112 people, there are offices for one hundred households, with one hundred households). In 1398 AD (the spring of the 31st year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty), the Qishan Guards Station for Thousand Households was built in the jurisdiction of Ninghaiwei (now Muping District), and the city was built. At that time, this was one of the later Qianhu institutes in the country, with a history of 600 years.
Today, Qishan Suocheng is located in a prosperous area of ??Zhifu District, surrounded by high-rise buildings. However, the original location of Qishan Guarding Thousand Households was somewhat particular, and its naming also had some explanations. If we pursue it, we need to examine it from the perspective of history and ancient military art.
First, let’s examine it from a historical perspective. There are three ancient theories about the origin of the name Qishan. One theory refers to the "top of the tower", with an altitude of 397 meters, known as Nanshan. According to folk legend, there used to be an "immortal playing chess" on it, which was named Qishan, and its pronunciation was Qishan. Second, it is said that a hurricane broke out one night in ancient times, and a hill of earth was piled up in the southeast of the upper mine overnight. Everyone thought it was strange, so it was named Qishan. Third, Yuhuangding was originally called Qishan, with an altitude of 72 meters. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, a Jade Emperor Temple was built, and later a stage was built. The stone pillars on both sides also said: "The toad cave reflects the Qishan, and the story of the dress and makeup conveys the true feelings. "The Mirage of the Canghai Tried to See the Splendid Articles Reveals the Drama of Rise and Fall", "Toad Grotto Reflects the Qishan" in the couplet is the only evidence of historical preservation of the stone carvings with the name of "Qishan". The Jade Emperor Temple is only 1,500 meters away from the center of the Qishan Suo City construction site. In ancient China, there was a tradition of "naming after proximity", so it was logical to name the city after "Qi Shan".
Let’s examine it from the perspective of ancient military art. The fortification guards must meet the necessary military conditions for attack, defense, and retreat. Judging from the original geographical environment of Qishan City, there are Zhifu Island and Kongtong Island in the north as natural defense barriers, the Tashan peaks in the south as a retreat, and the east and west rivers in the middle (near Jiefang Road and Southwest River). road, originally two rivers) for defense, and could divert water from the river for moat defense; not far from the city, there were beacon towers on Beishan (now Yantai Mountain) by the sea, so that if an enemy situation occurred, fireworks signals could be sent; to the east was Ninghai Wei, with Fushan County in the west, is extremely convenient for military communication between the east and west. The site design of Qishan Suo City is also very particular. Its north-south axis coincides with the north-south axis from Tashan to Yantai Mountain. The south gate of Suo City and the Jade Emperor Temple are aligned parallel to each other. This layout design is very consistent with the ancient Chinese military strategy for setting up a city. Military guiding ideology.
Qishansuo City covers an area of ??98,600 square meters, and the city area is 79,600 square meters. The city has a west gate, which is called Baode Gate in the east, Xuanhua Gate in the west, Fulu Gate in the south, and Chaochong Gate in the north. There is a tower above the city gate for lookout and command.
The city gate and the bottom of the city wall are built with bluestone, and the upper part is built with large blue bricks. The city wall is 7.33 meters high and 6.67 meters thick. There are evenly spaced "bu"s between the city gates, and the "bu" are arc-shaped and protrude outside the city wall. They can defend against enemies on three sides, forming a defensive pattern of sixteen pavilions on the fourth floor. There is a circular horse trail on the inside of the city wall that can lead directly to the city to fight. There is a cross street in the city that leads directly to the four gates. It is used as a military road. This is the earliest street in old Yantai. It has now become the eldest sister of the city in Zhifu District. In the northwest of the city (today's Shiyan Street), there were offices for thousands of households and housing for officials and their families; in the northeast of the city (formerly Gaojia Hutong and Fujia Hutong), there were military training grounds; and in the southwest of the city (today's Cangyu Street), there were military camps. Kitchens and grain and grass warehouses were built; at the same time as the health center was built, because of the construction of Langyan Dun and Taiwan at the North Gate (today's Yantai Mountain), it was known as Yantai among the people. In 1673 (the twelfth year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty) Luo Bo revised "Fushan County Chronicles". In the first volume of the "Geographical Map", 15 coastal piers and platforms were marked, and 14 of them were marked as piers from west to east. Only the easternmost one was marked as a pier. One is marked as Yantai (now Yantai Mountain), which is the earliest written record of Yantai on the existing historical map. In 1762 (the twenty-seventh year of Emperor Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty), He Leshan compiled the "Fushan County Chronicle", which wrote: "There is a huge boat-shaped stone (referring to the "wonders of nature" carved on the stone) in Yantai." The word Yantai appears again.
After the establishment of Qishansuo City, there were no major Japanese pirate attacks and it was basically in a period of peace and tranquility. In 1664 (the third year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty), the Qing government decreed that the Qishan Guards House of Thousand Households should be abolished, the military should be transformed into a civilian area, and it should be renamed Qishan Society. Administratively, it would be under the jurisdiction of Fushan County. After the abolition of the guard system, the original Qianhu and deputy Qianhu were demoted to common people, and the officers and soldiers were demobilized and mostly engaged in agriculture, industry and commerce. In Suo City, thousands of descendants of the two original surnames Zhang and Liu built large-scale construction projects and built civilian houses. They gradually transformed military construction structures into residential buildings for the people, so it was also known as Qishan Suo, Suo City, and Suo City. Due to the boom in residential construction, the population gradually increased. Among them, the two surnames Zhang and Liu soon grew to more than 2,000 households. They built the most houses and rented them out. People are often called "Zhang Family in Suocheng" and "Liu Family in Suocheng". The transformation of the military into civilian areas was a major historical change in the city of Qishansuo. Surnames from other places flowed in at the right time, and the population increased rapidly. As a result, the population in Qishansuo expanded outwards, and the economy gradually prospered. During this period, 13 fixed villages had been formed in and around Qishan, which were then called the Thirteen Villages of Qishan Society. They are the four villages in the east gate, west gate, south gate, and north gate of Suocheng, where most people have the surnames Zhang and She; the Shangkuang Village in the south of Qishan Suo has mostly the surnames Chi, Li, Jing, and Kong; the villages in the west of Qishan Suo are mostly In Shihe Village, most people have the surname Zhang; in Nanguan Village (formerly known as Xinanguan, Suonanguan) in the southwest of Qishan Suo, most people have the surname Zhang and Liu; in Suodongzhuang in the southeast of Qishan Suo, most people have the surname Qu, Zhang Most of the people have the surnames of Zhang, Liu, Yuan, Wang and Zhang. There are roads connecting each village. The population of Qishanshe Thirteenth Village comes from all over the world, is it nearly as big as Zhifu Island? Village, Fushan County, Mouping County, Haiyang County, Wendeng County and other places, as far as Qihe County, Cao County, Liaocheng, Gaotang, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Liaoning and other places. Due to the complex origins of the population, the Thirteen Villages have different customs such as births, weddings, funerals, festivals, decorations and dialects.
Yantai is a city that is both ancient and young. It is said to be ancient because people lived and thrived here as early as 10,000 years ago in the late Pleistocene. It is said to be young because it is the first city in Shandong. As a city that opened its ports, the Second Opium War broke out in 1956. In 1858, China and France signed the Sino-French "Tianjin Treaty" in Tianjin. Kaidengzhou is a treaty port. In view of Yantai's geographical location and port conditions, it is better than Dengzhou. , in 1860, the treaty port was moved to Yantai, and Yantai became one of China's top ten foreign treaty ports at that time.
The origin of the name Yantai
The name "Yantai" originated from the pier built on the top of the North Mountain of Zhifu Bay to emit beacon smoke. In ancient times, when an enemy invaded the border, fire and smoke were raised to alert the police, which was called beacon smoke. The platform where the beacon smoke was released was called "Yantai." At the same time, a "Yantai" for raising fire and raising smoke alarms was built on Beishan. In the late 15th century, Japanese princes fought in a melee, and a large number of defeated generals became "samurai ronin" who had lost their military positions. Together with profit-making businessmen, they formed an evil force that invaded the coast of China, because Japan was called the "Wonu Kingdom" in ancient times. , so they are called "Japanese pirates". Although Beishan is a low barren hill, it is the commanding height surrounded by the sea on three sides, so "Yantai" was built on the top of the peak. "Yantai" is 6.5 meters high and 15 meters long. It is built with special large green bricks, with crenellations on the four sides of the top, just like a city wall.
The word "Yantai" first appeared in the "Geographic Map of Fushan County" compiled by Luo Bo, the magistrate of Fushan County, in the 12th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1673). The map is marked with 14 "piers" and A "Taiwan" (although the functions of "Mun" and "Taiwan" are the same, they are two buildings with different functions. "Mun" is made of piled soil, while "Taiwan" is a high and flat building) is Beishan. "Yantai" on the top. In the 27th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1762), when Fushan County Magistrate He Leshan re-edited the "Fushan County Chronicle", Beishan was called Yantai Mountain.
The wolf is the totem of the Xiongnu, Turks, Tubo and other ethnic minorities in ancient times. Therefore, the Central Plains people call the armies of these ethnic minorities "Wolf Soldiers". When the "Wolf Soldiers" invade, they will light beacon smoke to call the police, so they call them "Wolf Soldiers". For "wolf smoke". According to research by archaeologists, the fuel for beacon smoke was reeds, tamarisk and weeds. The so-called wolf dung, whose smoke rises straight up when burned, is not consistent with the facts.
After "Yantai" was built, Zhifu Bay was basically in a state of tranquility, so beacon smoke was rarely used on "Yantai". However, starting from the mid-19th century, beacon smoke billowed in and Zhifu Bay lost its original tranquility. , these wars are the two Opium Wars launched by the imperialists to invade China. After the Second Opium War, Yantai opened as a port, and the imperialist powers dominated Yantai. The British, who took charge of Yantai Customs, built a lighthouse on "Yantai" on Yantai Mountain in 1905, turning "Yantai", which raised fire and smoke alarms, into a guide ship. The "lighthouse" of ships entering the port is undoubtedly the physical evidence of imperialist aggression against China, but it also reflects the progress of history and shows that ancient Yantai has begun to enter modern history. Unfortunately, this combination of "Yantai" and lighthouse, regarded as the symbol of Yantai, was completely demolished in September 1982.
Old Yantai Thirteen Villages
There was a period of "Thirteen Villages" in the history of Yantai. If it can be said that the Qishan Guarding Thousand Households Settled in the Hongwu Period was the formation period of Yantai, After the abolition of the guard system during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, it was expanded into 13 villages on the basis of Qishansuo, and Yantai entered a period of development.
Although Village 13 is under the jurisdiction of Fushan County, because most of the villagers are outsiders and the composition is complex, the folk customs and languages ??are very different. Local customs and foreign customs blend here, forming a unique The folk customs have produced Yantai dialect that is different from Fushan and the surrounding counties. Tasting the Yantai dialect, many pronunciations are the same as the Central Plains phonology used in Peking Opera. Some people jokingly call Yantai dialect "go up to Beijing (bai) and go to north (bo)".
Nowadays, as Qishan Institute is a key cultural relic protection unit, the four villages in the city have basically maintained their original appearance, while the nine villages outside the city, full of rural flavor, have long become part of the modern city. Some village names were changed to street names and have been passed down, such as Cangpu Street, Xinanguan Street, Shangkuang Road, Haiyang Road, etc. When people walk through the streets named after the villages, they stroll through the ruins of the 13th village. On the way, you will definitely feel the speed of the wheel of history. In a blink of an eye, a village becomes a city. Looking to the future, Yantai will be even better.
Baishi Village and Baishi Culture
In April 1989, the second Japanese expedition to investigate the history of primitive farming in China inspected the Baishi Culture in Yantai. A group of 11 people came to the urban area The Baishi Cultural Relics on the northern slope of Golden Summit in the center. The arrival of the inspection team shows the importance of Baishi Culture. In the center of a city, there are 7,000-year-old Neolithic ancient cultural sites that are rare in the country. It was first discovered in 1962. Two rescue excavations in 1980 and 1981 unearthed more than 700 pieces of pottery, stone, bone, horn, tooth and clam ware, and more than 40,000 pieces of recoverable broken pottery. At the same time, they also found There are two tombs. Although the area of ??these two excavations is only 227 square meters, the stratigraphic relationship is clear and the unearthed cultural relics are rich. They provide very important materials for establishing the original cultural sequence of Jiaodong and exploring the origin of Jiaodong culture. This confirms that Jiaodong is also the birthplace of Chinese civilization. The origin of the word "White Stone" is because there is white stone (limestone) underground in this area. Since residents began to live in this area, it was called White Stone Village. The ancestors of the primitive society 7,000 years ago settled here because it is surrounded by mountains and forests to the south and the sea to the north. It has a moderate height and gentle slopes. It is not only suitable for the development of primitive mountain and forest agriculture, but also provides convenience for herding, fishing and hunting. From the analysis of unearthed cultural relics, although the Baishi Village site is closely connected with the interior of Shandong, due to different geographical environments, there are differences in cultural appearance and economic types. In addition to primitive agriculture, marine gathering, fishing and hunting accounted for a large proportion. Based on the distinctive local characteristics of the Baishi Village site, it was named "Baishi Culture" by historians.
The most important thing about whether a city is competitive is its culture. Baishi culture is the most original and important culture in Yantai.
History has left a special city for Yantai.
Nowadays, when you walk along Suocheng Cross Street, you can hear the neighing of the cavalry from 600 years ago through the Masha Stone. Standing on a nearby high point, you can overlook Suocheng and see the well-proportioned courtyard houses. It seems that the smoke from 600 years ago is still rising. This ancient city with a long history of more than 600 years is undoubtedly a business card of Yantai.
Because, as early as the Ming Dynasty, Qishansuo City has become a famous city on the northern coast of my country that resisted Japanese aggression. The "pier and platform" gave rise to the "name" of "Yantai".
The city is, to a certain extent, the root of Yantai. With the vicissitudes of time, the city is being eroded and weathered little by little. When many old Yantai people "watch" the city together with us, "keep the roots" has become their biggest cry. Reporters from "The Most Beautiful Yantai" recently visited many people of insight who are concerned about the city and listened to their voices.
The city in the strange mountains is the priceless wealth of Yantai
History has left a city in Yantai, and every corner of the city is full of history.
According to historical records, in the 31st year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1398), Qishansuo City was officially established and equipped with Langyan piers. In 1987, Suocheng was designated as a municipal-level cultural relics protection unit. Since then, it has been upgraded to a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit. The "cultural preservation value" of the city has also been valued by people, and its historical value, scientific value and artistic value have become a topic that experts and scholars are scrambling to study.
Zhang Chunyue, the 71-year-old president of Suocheng Culture Research Association, said that many ancient buildings in Suocheng still exist, "For example, the symbol of Suocheng - Qianhu Yamen, just imagine that Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty When an imperial edict was issued to cancel the establishment of Qishan, it was natural for the officers and soldiers to immediately disarm and return to their fields or find other livelihoods. However, as military facilities, many buildings such as Qianhu Yamen and barracks would never be razed to the ground overnight; It is a long process of changing functions, reconstruction, demolition and gradual renovation. As the capital, Qianhu Yamen will not be demolished first, but will be transformed into the Zhang Family Ancestral Hall. In other words, Qianhu Yamen at that time still exists today. ”
In addition to the “Qianhu Yamen”, some Ming Dynasty roads are also clearly visible. According to the historical annals "Dengzhou Prefecture Annals": "The Qishan garrison was built: a brick city, two miles in circumference, two feet and two feet high, with four gates. The south gate was named 'Fulu', the north gate was named 'Chaochong', and the east gate was named 'Fulu'. 'Baode', and the west gate is 'Xuanhua'. "Although Suocheng has gone through various periods and has been continuously transformed by subsequent generations, it has basically maintained its original boundaries and main road grid layout. Main Street and Nanmenli Street are the cross streets recorded in "Dengzhou Fu Zhi". The current East-West Alley in the South Gate, the East-West Alley in the North Gate, the North-South Alley in the East Gate, and the North-South Alley in the Ximen Lane were the garrison-style horse racing tracks when the city was built in the Ming Dynasty. "The above-mentioned buildings are still well preserved and will surely become the most basic module for future reconstruction of the city." Zhang Chunyue said excitedly.
Zhao Yitang, the 72-year-old former vice president of the Municipal Association of Veterans for Science and Technology, believes that the city of Qishan is the origin of the "Lang Yan Duntai", which is also the origin of "Yantai". The primary use of resources is that many cities in China now have no monuments and are competing for or even fabricating them. Why don’t we make good use of these resources when we have them? ”
The hawthorn tree in the small courtyard of the people in the city
Can the past come back to guard Qianhusuo?
How to use it? How to transform? Many old Yantai people have their own ideas. Some people proposed that on the premise of protecting the style and maintaining the original block structure, space and characteristics, improve living facilities and build, repair or even repair some buildings with historical features; some people proposed that the Zhang family ancestral hall located in the northwest of the city should be converted into Suocheng Exhibition Hall; some people also proposed to build two archways on the original east gate and west gate, as an important window to reproduce the style of Suocheng...
"The Qishan Guards Qianhusuo in the Ming Dynasty The main buildings include the ancient city wall, the Qianhu Office, the training ground, etc.,” said Bi Hao, the 72-year-old director of the City Construction Committee of the Municipal Association for Science and Technology. “Although during the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese army demolished most of the city wall to build gun towers and bunkers. In 1956 and 1972, in order to build Shengli Road and widen South Street, the city wall and four gates were demolished. The basic outer structure of the city disappeared, but the remains of the city wall can still be found.
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He believes that restoring the main buildings should naturally be the focus of the city’s reconstruction, and for the overall protection of Qishansu City, an important part is to restore the ancient city wall of Qishansu City. Only the ancient city wall can be restored. , "Only in this way can Qishansuo City more fully reflect the traditional shape of the anti-Japanese castle." He said that the two ancient building complexes of "Qishansuo City Ancient Military Castle" and "the military-oriented ancient city style landscape area" should be used. It is the main direction for the protection and renovation of the city's buildings. He said, "Although it is clearly stipulated in the National Cultural Relics Protection Law that demolished buildings will not be restored in principle, they have a symbolic role and significance in a region or a city. Severe cases can be restored. Qishan Suo City is the birthplace of Yantai City and a symbol of Yantai City's history, and the city wall is the symbol of Suo City. Restoring the city wall is a symbol of restoring Qi Shan Suo City and Yantai City's history. ”
The late Yantai scholar Tan Hongxin also said that Suocheng is a typical ancient oriental castle, with official residences and private houses that are solid and simple, highlighting the architectural characteristics of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and has certain research significance in the history of Chinese architecture. Value. The architectural pattern of the Ming Dynasty in Suocheng today basically no longer exists. What remains are basically the buildings built after the Qing Dynasty based on the Ming Dynasty pattern, although they have been greatly damaged and transformed in recent years. , some houses with red bricks and red tiles have lost their ancient charm after repairs, but the direction of the city walls, the street pattern and most of the houses still retain their original style.
He suggested that if all the original ancient architectural styles were restored, There are great difficulties, but for example, you can select a few well-preserved courtyard houses to restore their Ming and Qing Dynasty styles, and carefully carve them one by one, from horse-mounting stones, screen walls, door hairpins to tiles, wooden lattice windows, shrines, etc. The city gates, city towers, city walls, several temples and ancestral halls should be restored to their original appearance as much as possible to create a veritable oriental ancient castle.
In addition to the ancient city in the city, Yantai's iconic business card. To restore ancient buildings, some people also put forward suggestions, that is, to determine functional zoning and renovate the city into a cultural tourism city with comprehensive functions.
“Qishan City should have comprehensive cultural and tourism functions and be a residential area. , tourism, cultural relics trading, Yantai specialty trade, Yantai famous food, Ming and Qing social demonstrations, and citizen leisure and fitness activities are integrated into one. "Bi Hao said, "Only in this way can Qishan Suo City become the Penglai Pavilion in Yantai City, so that people who come to Yantai must visit Qi Shan Suo City, improve the cultural taste of the city and even the entire city of Yantai, and bring Yantai more than 600 years ago The history of cities, civilizations and cultures will continue. Han Shixing, the 70-year-old former president of the Municipal Science and Technology Association, also agreed with this view. He said, "Yantai, as a cultural city and a tourist city, must be reflected everywhere, and the city should be such a tourist destination." A place to stay for out-of-town guests! Let the past serve the present and make those ancient city walls come alive! "
"This idea has a long way to go," Bi Hao said. "Based on the prepared plan, we need to conduct in-depth inspections and safety verification of existing buildings, and repair the old courtyard houses that have been preserved intact. As before, indoor facilities should be improved; some houses with cracked walls, subsidence of foundations, and residential use that endangers safety should be rebuilt according to the planned functions and architectural styles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties; some illegal buildings should be demolished. By protecting and renovating existing houses and streets, Qishan City can have comprehensive cultural and tourism functions. ”
The reporter learned that there are still more than 1,100 households living in Suocheng today. Renovating the infrastructure, roads and alleys in Suocheng and adjusting and improving the protection plan of Qishan Suocheng as soon as possible are also important measures to build Yantai City An important part of the "Penglai Pavilion" in the city "Through protection and renovation, the infrastructure in Qishansuo City must be complete, with complete water, electricity, heating, gas, and telecommunications facilities to meet the requirements and conditions for modern people's residence, services, and offices; The roads and alleys in the city should be restored and renovated to ensure smooth streets and fire escapes to ensure people's living safety," Han Shixing said. "As for how to adjust and improve the protection plan of Qishan City, how to There is still a lot of work to be done on how to carry out protection certificates for buildings, how to restore them as they were before, and how to build a famous cultural and tourist city.
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Zhang Chunyue tells the story of Suocheng
Keeping the roots and “reviving” folk culture
Suocheng is not only a complex of Ming and Qing residential buildings, It is also a place where folk culture is well preserved. Families with surnames such as Zhang and Liu have lived here for more than 600 years. Their food, clothing, housing, transportation, festivals, etiquette, beliefs, folk art, oral literature, etc. are all important cultural resources. , therefore, exploring the cultural connotation of Suocheng has become the only way for the future development of Suocheng.
“If Suocheng is gone, the residents will be scattered in all directions, and the name formed by hundreds of years of settlement. Folk culture will also disappear, and there will be no development. "An Jiazheng, a Yantai folklore scholar, said in an interview with reporters: "From a long-term perspective, we need to conduct an in-depth study of the 'city culture' to find the accurate positioning of Yantai's regional culture. "
An Jiazheng said that to a certain extent, Yantai's regional culture is "neither a donkey nor a horse". Compared with "inland culture", it does not have a thick deposit of folk customs. Compared with "ocean culture", It is also obviously closed, so how to find the roots, find out the strengths and weaknesses at all levels of the "city culture", and use the strengths and avoid the weaknesses, can we truly make Yantai become cultured and tasteful. From the immediate meaning, we might as well start with it. Exploring "eating culture" will provide some "intangible assets" for the tourism industry and bring about the revitalization of the tourism industry. "Today, Yantai has regarded tourism as a pillar industry, and the tourism industry must pay attention to one-stop services for food, accommodation, entertainment and shopping. . Yantai’s food culture has a very solid foundation, and its roots can be found in the city! "
The late famous folklorist Mr. Shanman also wrote an article titled "Leaving the Green Mountains" with suggestions for the protection of the city. He mentioned that from the perspective of cultural relics, the city of Qishan should be protected , from the perspective of folk cultural relics, Suocheng should be protected, "As the saying goes, if you leave the green hills, you will not have to worry about running out of firewood. If you leave the green hills of Suocheng, what you will get in the future is not just ordinary firewood." ”
Perhaps because of this, the planning and renovation of Suocheng are still on the lookout. It’s unclear whether they are moving slowly or cautiously, but one thing is most worthy of recognition. They all know that , we must "keep the roots"
Previous plans of Qishan Suocheng
The Suocheng is the source, and the Suocheng is also the root. In order to transform the Suocheng, the relevant departments of Yantai have successively launched plans. Many sets of planning plans have been released, but it is difficult to find a final solution.
In 1992, the "Yantai Qishan Reserve Renewal and Protection Plan" compiled by the Department of Architecture of Tianjin University mentioned: "To protect the style of the reserve city, On the premise of maintaining the original block structure, scale and spatial characteristics, improve living infrastructure conditions, develop tourism and urban development, create a residential-oriented area, and organize the building group in the form of a courtyard." In this update of the protection site In the city planning, only the Zhang Family Ancestral Hall, the Liu Family Ancestral Hall, the Chenghuang Temple and a group of courtyards west of the Liu Family Ancestral Hall Road will be retained. The rest of the houses will be demolished, and the current cross street and the ring road network layout inside the original city wall will be retained to supplement the protection. , mainly for renewal, with a strong commercial development atmosphere, many experts and scholars disagreed, so it was not approved.
In November 1999, the Shandong Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute compiled the "Yantai City Historical and Cultural City". "Protection Plan" briefly elaborates on the protection of Suocheng, but it only clarifies the "protection scope of Suocheng - from Beihe Street in the east, to Shengli Road in the west, to Nanmenwai Street in the south, and to Nanjie Street in the north. ” and “Construction control zone: 100 meters outside the key protection range. "Others are just some protection principles with poor operability and cannot implement effective protection.
In July 2002, the "Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute" of Tongji University in Shanghai compiled the "Yantai Qishansu Historic District Protection Plan" , this plan is based on the national "Urban Planning Law", "Cultural Relics Protection Law", "Cultural Relics Protection Law Implementation Rules" and other regulations, with cultural relics protection as the starting point throughout the entire planning, in line with the original formation and basic requirements of cultural relics protection, delineating the Qishan Site The "protection area" and "control zone" of the city position Qishansuo City as the birthplace of Yantai City, creating and laying a good foundation for the effective protection of the city.
However, it is understood that. Since the participants in this planning are all students and technicians, young and have little experience, and more importantly, the tasks are heavy and the time is tight, there is not enough time and energy to conduct in-depth verification and research on the city in a hurry. There are certain principles. Sexual issues. New plans are still in the works.