"Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion" uses objects to express feelings. The original intention is not to encourage scholars to stay away from the world and seek their own happiness, but to comfort the unhappy scholars with broad-minded feelings, hoping that they can feel calm. , born in the world but contented with everything, expresses his life attitude of being detached from things and "not hurting one's nature with things". At the same time, it should also be noted that the author's joyful mood contains an air of injustice. Below is the allusion to Song Yu from Huangzhou Kuai Zai Pavilion that I compiled. Let’s take a look at it together.
Original text appreciation and annotation
Jiang 1 leaves Xiling 2 and Shi 3 reaches level ground. Its flow is unrestrained, connecting Yuan and Xiang in the south, and Han Mi in the north, and its power is increasing. As for the bottom of Red Cliff 9, the waves are immersed in it, which is similar to the sea. Qinghe 11 Zhang Jun dreamed of 12 and was relegated 13 to live in Qi'an 14 , that is, 15 there is a pavilion in the southwest of his house to watch the river flow 16 , and brother Yu and his son looked at it and said "kuai".
Note:
1 Jiang: Yangtze River.
2 Xiling: Xiling Gorge, also known as Yiling Gorge, is one of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, northwest of Yichang, Hubei Province.
3 Beginning: Cai
4 Unrestrained: The water is fast.
5 Wanted: The water flow is broad. Four, extremely, very.
6 Yuan: Yuanshui (also known as Yuanjiang River). Xiang: Xiangjiang River. Both waters are on the south bank of the Yangtze River, flowing into Dongting Lake and into the Yangtze River.
7 Han Mi (miǎn): It is the Han River. The Han River originates from Ningqiang, Shaanxi Province, and was originally named Yangshui. It flows eastward through the south of Mian County and is called Mianshui. It also passes through Baocheng in the east and receives Baoshui River, which was first called Hanshui. The Han River is on the north bank of the Yangtze River.
8 Yi Zhang: Even grander. Zhang, big.
9 Red Cliff: Red Biji, now outside Huanggang City, Hubei Province. Su Che mistakenly thought that Zhou Yu defeated Cao Cao.
10 immersion: immersion and irrigation both mean "injection". This refers to the vastness of the water.
11 Qinghe: The name of the county, now Qinghe, Hebei.
12 Zhang Junmengde: Zhang Mengde, courtesy name Huaimin, was a friend of Su Shi.
13 Relegation: Demotion.
14 Qi’an: In the Song Dynasty, Huanggang was Qiyin County in Huangzhou, so it was called.
15 That is: stick to, rely on.
16 wins: scenic views, beautiful scenery.
What you can see from the pavilion is 17, hundreds of miles from north to south, and one from east to west. The waves are turbulent and the wind and clouds are opening and closing19. During the day, boats and boats appear and disappear in front of it, and at night, fish and dragons roar below it. The changes are sudden20, which is shocking to the eyes, and cannot be looked at for a long time. Now I have to play on a few tables23, and I can see it as far as I can see24. Looking west to the mountains of Wuchang, there are rolling hills, 25 rows of grass and trees, and the sun is rising. The house of a fisherman and a woodcutter can be indexed to 26. This is why it is called "happy". As for the shores of Cheung Chau, the ruins of the ancient city, where Cao Mengde and Sun Zhongmou watched with disdain, and where Zhou Yu and Lu Xun pursued their ambitions, their ruins are enough to be regarded as secular.
Note:
17. What can be seen from the pavilion: what can be seen from the pavilion (range). What you see, what you see.
18 Yishe (shè): thirty miles. In ancient times, marchers walked thirty miles every day and camped, which was called "Yisha".
19 The wind and clouds are changing (hé): the wind and clouds are changing. It means that storms sometimes appear and sometimes disappear. On, turn on. He, to close.
20 Shu (shū): in an instant, in an instant, refers to a short time.
21 Heart-shaking: Still saying "thrilling". This means that the scenery is ever-changing and can frighten those who see it, but it does not mean that the scenery is scary. Dong and Hai here are the usages of verbs. The explanation is: to alarm, to frighten.
22 Can’t look at it for a long time: This means that there was no pavilion or resting place before, so we couldn’t appreciate it for a long time.
23 Today we have to play on several seats: you can enjoy these scenery on several seats in the pavilion. Table, small table, coffee table.
24 If you lift your eyes, you can see enough.
25 Rows of vegetation: The rows and columns of vegetation are very lush, describing the prosperity of the vegetation.
26 Index: Noun used as an adverbial, counted with fingers.
27 Cheung Chau: a long sandbank or river bank in the middle of the river.
28 Ruins of the Old City: The ruins of the old city. The ancient city refers to Huangzhou City before the Sui Dynasty (the county seat was moved in the Tang Dynasty). Ruins, open spaces where old buildings have been destroyed but remains remain.
29 The place where Cao Mengde and Sun Zhongmou looked down upon: The place where Cao Cao (named Mengde) and Sun Quan (named Zhongmou) looked down upon. A look of squinting, which can be extended to mean arrogance. During the Battle of Chibi, both Cao Cao and Sun Quan had the spirit to devour each other.
30 Zhou Yu and Lu Xun’s pursuits (chěng wù): Zhou Yu and Lu Xun were both important generals in Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period. The place where Zhou Yu and Lu Xun were active. Zhou Yu defeated Cao Cao in Chibi, Lu Xun attacked Guan Yu in Jingzhou, defeated Liu Bei in Yiling, and defeated Wei general Cao Xiu in Wancheng. The word galloping means "galloping a horse" to describe their galloping on the battlefield.
31 Praise the world: make worldly people happy. The usage of saying Kuai is to make... Say Kuai.
In the past, when King Xiang of Chu came from Song Yu, he was on a business trip to his palace in Lantai. A sudden wind came, and the king covered him with his lapel and said, "Hurry! This wind is blowing! I have brought it to you." The common people are the ones who want to kill you?" Song Yu said: "This is the king's majestic ear, and the common people can't kill him!" Yu's words are full of irony. 36. There is no difference between male and female in husband's style, but there are changes in people's encounters and misfortunes37. The reason why the king of Chu is happy and the common people are worried is because of the changes in people. How can the wind be different? Scholars are born in this world, and 39 of them 40 are not satisfied with themselves. 41, where will they go instead of getting sick? To make it calm and not to hurt one's nature with things42, how can it be comfortable43 instead of fast?
King Xiang of Chu, also known as King Qingxiang of Chu, was named Heng, the son of King Huai of Chu. Song Yu and Jing Chai were both ministers of King Xiang of Chu. Lantai Palace, the site is located in Zhongxiangdong, Hubei. From, to make...from.
33 Phi: open.
34 Dang: welcome.
35 Happy, this wind: that is, "This wind is happy", which means how refreshing this wind is!
36 Gai Youyan: There is probably a satirical meaning in it. Satire, allegory. Song Yu's "Feng Fu" satirizes the arrogance and extravagance of King Xiang of Chu. Yan, with words written on it, is there.
37 People have different times when they meet and don’t meet. People have different times when they meet and don’t meet. Encounter means good opportunity and being reused.
What is the relationship between 38 and (yù): participation, by extension.
39 Shi: If.
40: In the heart, in the heart.
41 Complacency: Feeling comfortable and at ease.
42 Injuring one’s nature with things: one’s nature (nature) is affected by external objects (referring to the environment).
43 Suitable: Go, go.
Today, Mr. Zhang does not take the trouble of being relegated44, and steals45 the accountant46's remaining work47, but puts it freely among the mountains and rivers. Among them, there should be those who can surpass others. There is nothing wrong with cutting a house into a urn, but what's more, it's better to take advantage of the clear currents of the Yangtze River, to bow to the white clouds of the Western Mountains, and to be able to adapt to one's own needs even if one's ears and eyes are poor. Otherwise, there are endless mountains and ravines, long forests of ancient trees, shaken by the breeze, and illuminated by the bright moon. These are all the things that make people think. The reason why people are sad and haggard and unable to win, Wu 55 is happy to see them!
Note:
89. Zhe (zhé) young: I am still very young. Young: young.
90. Be familiar with official affairs: be familiar with official affairs.
91. To: previously.
Today, Mr. Zhang does not take the trouble of being relegated44, and steals45 the accountant46's remaining work47, but puts it freely among the mountains and rivers. Among them, there should be those who can surpass others.
There is nothing wrong with cutting a house into a urn, but what's more, it's better to take advantage of the clear currents of the Yangtze River, to bow to the white clouds of the Western Mountains, and to be able to adapt to one's own needs even if one's ears and eyes are poor. Otherwise, there are endless mountains and ravines, long forests of ancient trees, shaken by the breeze, and illuminated by the bright moon. These are all the things that make people think. The reason why people are sad and haggard and unable to win, Wu 55 is happy to see them!
On the 56th day of the 11th month of the sixth year of Yuanfeng, Su Zheji of Zhao County 57.
Note:
44 Suffering: Sorrow.
45 Steal: To steal, here means "use".
46 Accounting: refers to the collection of money, management of financial administration and other matters.
47 Yugong: after official business.
48 Self-release: comfortable and unrestrained. indulgence.
49 Penghu: Weave the door with Pengcao.
50 Urn: Use broken urns to make windows.
51: Washing.
52 揖(yī): To salute with one hand in front of the other. The meaning here is to face (Western Mountain White Clouds).
53 wins: bear.
54 Self-adaptation: Seeking comfort for oneself. Comfortable, leisurely.
55 Wu: Where.
56 Shuo: the first day of every month in the lunar calendar.
57 Zhaojun: Su Che was born in Luancheng, Zhaojun (now Zhaoxian, Hebei).
Translation
The Yangtze River flows out of the Xiling Gorge before entering the flatland, and the water is rushing and vast. From the south to the Yuan River and the Xiang River, to the north to the Han River, the water becomes even more powerful. When it reaches the bottom of Red Cliff, its waves are as powerful as the ocean. Zhang Mengde of Qinghe lived in Qi'an after being demoted, so he built a pavilion in the southwest of his house to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the Yangtze River. My brother Zizhan named this pavilion "Kuaizai Pavilion".
From the pavilion, you can see the Yangtze River for hundreds of miles from north to south and thirty miles from east to west. The waves are rough and the weather is ever-changing. During the day, boats come and go in front of the pavilion; at night, fish and dragons roar sadly in the river below the pavilion. The scenery changes very quickly, which is still thrilling and cannot be appreciated for a long time. Being able to enjoy these views next to several cases is enough to see them just by raising your eyes. Looking west at the mountains of Wuchang, you can see the winding mountains, rows and rows of grass and trees, the smoke and clouds disappearing, the sun shines brightly, and you can point out the houses of the villagers who fish and collect firewood one by one. This is why the pavilion is called "Kuaizai". When we arrived at the ruins of the ancient city on the bank of the Yangtze River, it was the place where Cao Cao and Sun Quan stood proudly, and where Zhou Yu and Lu Xun galloped on the battlefield. The demeanor and deeds that have been handed down are enough to make secular people happy.
Once upon a time, King Xiang of Chu asked Song Yu and Jing Cha to follow him to the Lantai Palace. A gust of wind blew, making a rustling sound. The King of Chu opened his clothes, faced the wind, and said: "How refreshing this wind is! This is what I and the people only have." Song Yu said: "This is just the majestic wind of the king. That's all, how can the common people enjoy it with you?" Song Yu's words probably have a sarcastic meaning here. There is no difference between male and female wind, but people are born at the right time and at the wrong time. The reason why the king of Chu felt happy and the reason why the people felt sad was precisely because people's situations were different. What does it have to do with following the trend? When a scholar lives in this world, if his heart is not calm, then where can he be without sorrow? If you are open-minded and don't harm your nature (nature) because of external things, then where can you not feel happy? (A scholar lives in the world. If he cannot enjoy himself in his heart, then where can he go without feeling sad? If he is in a cheerful mood and does not hurt his emotions due to the influence of the environment, then where can he go? Will he be happy all day long? )
Zhang Mengde did not regard being demoted as a sorrow, and used his spare time to release his body and mind in nature. This is what he should have in mind. A place for ordinary people.
Even if you use straw for the door and broken earthen jars for the windows, you don't feel unhappy. How much more can you seek comfort by washing in the clear Yangtze River, facing the white clouds of the Western Mountains, and enjoying the beautiful scenery? If it were not like this, the rolling peaks, deep and steep ravines, vast forests, towering ancient trees, the gentle breeze swaying, and the bright moon shining high in the sky were all scenes that the sad and frustrated literati and doctors would feel sad, haggard, and intolerable. How could you tell? This is so refreshing!
On the first day of November in the sixth year of Yuanfeng, the story of Su Zhe, Zhaojun.
Appreciation
Su Che’s prose "Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion" has always been highly praised for its superb artistic skills. It is recognized as a scene description, narrative, lyrical, and A good article with discussion that is tightly integrated and integrated. Su Che's style that best reflects Su Che's writing style is Yuxu (calm and slow), Liaochang (smooth and organized), Wangyang (generous and magnanimous) and indifferent (not pursuing fame and fortune), just like his personality. This article starts with a description of the scene and then turns to discussion. The order is clear, the structure is rigorous, the transition is natural, and there is no trace. The description of the scene can be a vivid representation of the scene, but it is not realistic, so that the scene can be seen, the realm is far-reaching, and people can have rich associations; the narrative can be inserted into the simplicity of leisurely feelings, upright and ups and downs, and exceptionally far-reaching. The most outstanding thing about this article is its discussion. The article discusses the fact that the same "wind" can be felt differently due to the different lives and thoughts of emperors and common people, and concludes: "If you don't feel content with it, where will it go instead of getting sick? Make it calm and don't hurt your nature with things. What would be more comfortable than fast?" The argument is correct, the argument is strong, and the conclusion is irrefutable and convincing. "Arguments are like analyzing salary, you can break the rules." (Liang Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long·Lun Shuo") In order to be able to break the truth, the argument must first be correct, and it must be "valuing what is true but not what is beautiful." (Wang Chong of the Han Dynasty, "Lunheng·Ziji") "Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion" is based on the fact that people's feelings towards external objects are vastly different and vary from person to person, which is undoubtedly correct. To establish "what is important", it is important to correctly reveal the essence of things. In order to be able to break the truth, one should also ensure that the "facts cited" must be "not inaccurate" during the argumentation process. ("Rong Zhai Essays" by Hong Mai of the Song Dynasty) Su Che cited the story of King Lantai of Chu Xiang wearing his clothes in the wind in the article as an example of argument. The source of the story is Song Yu's "Feng Fu" (see "Feng Fu" by Liang Xiao Tong) "Selected Works of Zhaoming"), it is conclusive and can be used as a letter. The most incredible thing is that the discussion in this article is always full of emotion, so although there is an air of resentment and injustice in it, it does not show the appearance of a father. "There is no difference between male and female in the wind... so what's the difference between wind and wind?" "There are endless mountains and ravines... it's only a pleasure to see them!" and so on. These discussions are almost romantic, almost sketchy, and full of sentiment, without any of the coercive momentum often associated with discussions. Only in this way, the overall style of the article, which is slow, smooth and indifferent, will not be criticized because of these comments.
The author freely mentions the word "kuaizai" in this article, not only because the geographical location of Kuaizai Pavilion makes people feel relaxed and happy, but also because if a person who is frustrated in his official career "does not hurt his nature with things", no matter what No matter what environment you are in, you can "put yourself among the mountains and rivers" and enjoy your unique experience. The article is fresh and open, with a vigorous momentum. It integrates scene description, narrative, lyricism and discussion. It borrows allusions and uses them to express the joyful feelings vividly.
The author uses objects to express his feelings. His original intention is not to advocate scholars to stay away from the world and seek their own happiness, but to comfort the dissatisfied scholars with broad-minded feelings, hoping that they can feel calm and live in the world without any worries. Often not satisfied. In addition, it should also be noted that the author's joyful mood contains an air of injustice.