Modern famous writer, educator, editor, publisher, political activist, the first fairy tale writer in China. Formerly known as Ye, the word Shengtao, pen name Shengtao, Sti, Guishan, etc. Living in Suzhou, a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. His works are collected in Ye Shengtao Collection. When I was a primary school teacher in my early years, I participated in the trendy society and literature research society. 192 1 year, he and Shen Yanbing, Zheng Zhenduo and others organized the "Literature Research Society". He has been engaged in editing and publishing since 1923, and has edited or edited Literature Weekly, Fiction Monthly, Middle School Students, Chinese Monthly, Pen Array, etc. 193 1 year "9? After the 18th Incident, he took part in anti-Japanese and national salvation activities. 1946, actively participate in the patriotic democratic movement. 1949, he served as deputy director of the General Administration of Publishing and director of the editorial board, vice minister of education and president and editor-in-chief of People's Education Publishing House, curator of central research institute of culture and history and vice chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He has written novels such as Diaphragm, Offline, Ni Huanzhi (one of the earliest novels published in the history of modern literature in China), prose collections such as Ten Records, Footsteps, Xichuan Collection, fairy tales such as Scarecrow and Stone Statues of Ancient Heroes, edited dozens of textbooks and wrote dozens of books on Chinese education.
Ye Shengtao (1894- 1988) was originally named Shao Yun and Chen Bing. Suzhou, Jiangsu, a famous writer, educator, publisher and social activist. 19 12 after graduating from middle school, I started to be a primary school teacher and engaged in literary creation because of my poor family. Joined the "trendy society" supported by Li Dazhao and Lu Xun before the May 4th Movement. 192 1 initiated the establishment of the "Literature Research Association" with Shen Yanbing and Zheng Zhenduo, advocated the literary view of "for life", and founded the first poetry magazine "Poetry Magazine" in China's new literary world with Zhu Ziqing and others. He has published many works reflecting people's miserable lives and destinies, including China's collection of fairy tales, The Scarecrow, and the collection of novels such as Diaphragm and Fire. From 65438 to 0923, Ye Shengtao entered the Commercial Press and began to edit and publish, editing magazines such as Novel Monthly, while continuing his literary creation, publishing the novel Ni Huanzhi and a large number of short stories. 1930, he transferred to Ming Kai Bookstore. The magazine "Middle School Students" sponsored by him was the most popular reading for young students in 1930s and 1940s, and it had a wide influence in society. After the "September 18th Incident", he took an active part in the anti-Japanese national salvation activities and initiated the establishment of the "anti-imperialist and anti-Japanese literary and art alliance". During the Anti-Japanese War, he moved to Sichuan, first teaching in middle schools and universities, and then continuing to preside over the editing work of Ming Kai Bookstore. At the same time, he also wrote many prose novels and poems, which exposed the darkness of the old society and the miserable life of the people from different angles and praised the indomitable ordinary people in the struggle for national liberation. In Sichuan, he also participated in the establishment of the "literary and art circles anti-enemy support club" to support the soldiers at the front line of the Anti-Japanese War. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he took part in the struggle against the Kuomintang government's suppression of democracy and freedom of the press. From 65438 to 0946, Ye Shengtao returned to Shanghai and took an active part in the patriotic and democratic movement. He used to be the general director of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, presided over the daily work of the Federation, and also served as the consultant of the Shanghai Primary School Teachers' Joint Education Association and the Middle School Education Research Association. He edited magazines, wrote articles, delivered speeches, exposed and criticized the civil war, dictatorship and treason crimes of the authorities, and called on colleagues in the cultural and educational circles to "love, hate, do something and do nothing; And strive for the same goal with the broad masses of people ","strive to realize democracy ","change the atmosphere and save the world "and create a situation of" peace for all ".
At the beginning of 1949, Ye Shengtao arrived in Beiping from Shanghai via Hongkong at the invitation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and served as the director of the textbook editorial committee of the People's Government of North China. In June, participated in the preparatory meeting of the new political consultative conference; In July, he attended the first literary congress and was elected as a member of the National Federation of Literary and Art Circles. In September, he attended the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference. After the founding of New China, he served as deputy director and editor-in-chief of the General Administration of Publishing of the Central People's Government, vice minister of education and president and editor-in-chief of People's Education Publishing House, consultant of the Ministry of Education and curator of central research institute of culture and history. Member of all-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, consultant of Chinese Writers Association, etc. , and was elected as the first to the fourth National People's Congress and the fifth member of the Standing Committee, the first China People's Political Consultative Conference, the fifth member of the Standing Committee, the sixth National Committee vice chairman and other important positions. 1962, Ye Shengtao joined the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy. At the fourth congress of Democratic Progressive Party in 1979, he was elected as the vice chairman of the Central Committee of Democratic Progressive Party, and in September of 1984, he became the acting chairman of the Central Committee of Democratic Progressive Party.
The former residence is at No.71Dongsi Batiao, Dongcheng District.
The origin of Ye Shengtao's pen name
Ye Shengtao was originally named Ye Shao Jun. /kloc-When he entered Suzhou Changyuanwu Public Primary School at the age of 0/2, he asked Mr. Zhang to take a word and aspire to be patriotic and powerful. Mr. Zhang said: Your name is called, and there is a poem that says "the country of soldiers and kings", so it is good to choose "soldiers and ministers" as the word. And educate him to be patriotic, first of all, to be patriotic and to understand the history of the country's mountains and rivers. 1911010/October 15, Suzhou recovered in the Xinhai Revolution. The next day, Ye found Mr. Zhang and said: The Qing court has perished and the emperor has been overthrown. I can't be a minister anymore. Please change a word. Mr. Wang said with a smile: Your name is Shao Yun, and there is a poem that says "Everything in Tao Jun is a saint", so take "Shengtao" as the word. In this way, Ye Shao Jun left contentedly. June 19 14, 10 Ye published the classical Chinese novel "Painting in the Glass Window" in the second issue of the novel series, with the signature "Shengtao". Later, he linked the surname "Ye" with the pen name "Shengtao" and became a world-famous pen name.
resume
Ye Shengtao, formerly known as Ye Shaogou, was born in Wuxian County, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. Father works as a shopkeeper in the landlord's house, and his family is poor. 1907 was admitted to Caoqiao Middle School, the first public middle school in Suzhou, and worked as a teacher in a primary school after graduation. 19 14 was expelled from the school, and his essays and novels were published in magazines such as Saturday. 19 15 autumn, I went to Shanggong School affiliated to Shanghai Commercial Press to teach Chinese and write Chinese textbooks for primary schools for the Commercial Press. 19 17 applied to teach in the fifth higher primary school in Yongzhi County, Wuxian County. 19 18 The first vernacular novel "Spring Banquet" was published in Vol.4, No.2 and No.3 of Women magazine. 19 19 participated in the trendy club organized by Peking University students and published novels and papers in trendy. 192 1 year, Zheng Zhenduo, Mao Dun and others organized a literary research society and published their works in Fiction Monthly and Literature Xunkan. 1922, the first collection of short stories "Diaphragm" was published. The Scarecrow published by 1923 is the first collection of fairy tales in China. 1928 wrote the excellent novel Ni Huanzhi. 1923- 1930, edited by Shanghai Commercial Press. 1927 May began to edit the novel monthly. 1930 transferred to Ming Kai Bookstore as an editor. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, his family moved to China, where he served as a professor in the Chinese Department of Wuhan University. Later, he went to Chengdu to preside over the editing work of Ming Kai Bookstore. 1946 back to Shanghai.
After the founding of New China, he successively served as Director of the General Administration of Publishing, Vice Minister of Education, President of People's Education Publishing House, Director of the Central Institute of Literature and History, and Vice Chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Main story
Early life
Ye Shengtao, 1894, 10 was born in Wuxian County, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province on October 28th. His father kept accounts for a local landlord and his family was poor. At the age of six (1899), he entered a local private school and then worked with his father. At work, he has the opportunity to travel around Suzhou City and experience the life of the lower class.
From 65438 to 0907, Ye Shengtao entered the local Caoqiao Middle School (later Suzhou Public No.1 Middle School). When I got to middle school, I began to get in touch with foreign novels and literary thoughts at that time. He not only likes reading these foreign novels and new literature, but also organizes a poetry meeting with his classmates. 19 1 1 year, three years after graduating from middle school, I taught in a local primary school and tried new teaching methods at that time. Unfortunately, 19 14 was expelled from school and unemployed at home. During his unemployment, he devoted himself to the creation of China's classical novels. These novels are all sent to Saturday magazine for publication. Later, he taught in the affiliated school of Shanghai Commercial Press, and in the same year, he served as the editor-in-chief of primary school textbooks of Commercial Press.
Ye Shengtao lived in an unstable era: he was born in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. After that, the country experienced a hundred-day reform, but it was quickly divided up by the great powers. His early life had a great influence on him, which made him patriotic and devoted himself to journalism and education in order to improve the future destiny of the country.
Literature promotion movement
Influenced by the May 4th Movement of 19 19, Ye Shengtao devoted his life to promoting the literary movement. He once participated in the "New Wave Society" organized by Peking University students and published novels, new poems, sketches, literary reviews, plays and other literary works. 192 1, has taught in middle schools and universities in Shanghai, Hangzhou, Beijing and other places, and initiated "Literature Research Association" with Mao Dun, Zheng Zhenduo and others. 1923 became the editor of Pushe, a library run by writers.
1936 "China Writers and Artists Association" was established jointly with Mao Dun and Hong Shen. 194 1, became the editorial board of literature and history teaching. Ye Shengtao was also the founder of the anti-imperialist and anti-Japanese literary and art alliance.
political career
Ye Shengtao has held many positions. After liberation, Tu Shengtao served as deputy director of the General Administration of Publishing, president of People's Education Publishing House and vice minister of education. He is also a member of the Fifth the NPC Standing Committee, a member of the Standing Committee of the Fifth China People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the Central Committee for Democratic Progressive Party.
Ye Shengtao died in Beijing on February 1988 at the age of 94.
Chronology of activities
Ye Shengtao, 1894, from Wuxian County, Suzhou.
1907 was admitted to Caoqiao Middle School and served as a primary school teacher after graduation. 19 14 was expelled from school and began to write classical Chinese novels.
19 15 worked as a Chinese teacher in Shanggong School of Shanghai Commercial Press, and compiled Chinese textbooks for primary schools for the Commercial Press. Later, he was hired as the fifth higher primary school teacher in Jiaozhi County, Wuxian County.
19 18, his first vernacular novel "Spring Banquet" was published in the second and third issues of Volume 4 of Women magazine.
19 19 joined the trendy society of Peking University and began to write vernacular literature.
192 1 year, Mao dun, Zheng Zhenduo and others initiated the organization of "literature research society" and advocated "literature for life".
From 65438 to 0923, he entered the Commercial Press to engage in editing and publishing, and published the novel Ni Huanzhi.
1930, he transferred to Ming Kai Bookstore to host the magazine "Middle School Students".
193 1 After the September 18th Incident, the "Grand Alliance of Anti-imperialist and Anti-Japanese Literary and Art Circles" was launched.
During the Anti-Japanese War, he went to Sichuan to continue the editorial work of Ming Kai Bookstore, and also participated in the establishment of the "literary and art circles anti-enemy support club".
1946, after returning to Shanghai, he served as the director of the General Affairs Department of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and the consultant of Shanghai Primary School Teachers' Joint Training Association and Middle School Education Research Association.
1949, arrived in Beiping and served as the director of the textbook editorial board of the North China People's Government. Later, he served as a member of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles.
1949, he successively served as Vice Minister of Education, President and Editor-in-Chief of People's Education Publishing House, Member of All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Consultant of Chinese Writers Association, Director of the Central Museum of Literature and History, Vice Chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC) CPPCC, Standing Committee of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th NPC, Standing Committee of the 5th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Vice Chairman of the 6th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and Chairman of the Central Committee for Democratic Progressive Party.
Journalist career
"I want to say that my first job was an editor."
"If someone asks me about my occupation, I will say that my first occupation is editing and my second occupation is teaching," Ye Shengtao said. Ye Shengtao spent a lot of time in editing and publishing in his life. Shanghai Commercial Press is the starting point of Ye Shengtao's editing work. He became the editor of the museum on 1923.
1At the end of 930, Ye Shengtao resigned from Shanghai Commercial Press and became the editor of Ming Kai Bookstore. He began to edit Chinese books and children's story books.
"Editing is not an easy job." For Ye Shengtao, editing is no longer a simple job, but a career. "When editing, carelessness is not allowed. You must check all the words yourself. Editors must take their publications, their reports and their readers seriously. " Editors play an important role in checking the final results. Ye Shengtao believes that "seriousness" is the key to a successful editor. He reiterated this view repeatedly in his works.
Ye Shengtao's "Happy Family" in Leshan devoted his life to editing and publishing. He never stopped loving his "initial and final" career. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Ye Shengtao moved to Leshan with his family and worked as a professor in the Chinese Department of Wuhan University. From 65438 to 0946, he returned to Shanghai and continued his editing career in Ming Kai Bookstore.
Ye Shengtao's publications
Ye Shengtao devoted his life to journalism. The period from 1925 to 1929 is a new period for Ye Shengtao's publishing work. He edited many famous magazines and newspapers. Here are some of his works:
A new era of modern publishing industry
Ye Shengtao's view of modern Chinese has promoted the development of modern journalism in China.
Ye Shengtao enthusiastically advocates the standardization of modern Chinese, including the standardization of grammar, rhetoric, vocabulary, punctuation, simplification of characters and the removal of variant characters. He also compiled and standardized the Chinese characters in his publications, and stipulated the scheme of Chinese Pinyin. His efforts are helpful to improve the quality and organizational structure of editing work.
Most importantly, Ye Shengtao advocates the use of vernacular Chinese in the field of publishing. Most of his magazines and newspapers use vernacular Chinese, which greatly facilitates the reading of journalists and readers. All these contributions have accelerated the development of journalism in China.
Ye Shengtao is an outstanding educator and a Bole. Many excellent writers and editors have been trained and excavated, such as Ba Jin (1904 -2005), Ding Ling (1904-1986) and Dai Wangshu (1905-1950).
Establish axioms every day
1925 On May 30th, a bloody tragedy happened in Shanghai, which was known as the May 30th Massacre in history. About 2,000 Shanghai workers and students took part in a passionate anti-imperialist movement, protesting imperialist oppression and demanding the complete abolition of unequal treaties. The demonstrators roared: "Down with imperialism!" . Workers in all parts of China coordinated this activity through general strikes and collective demonstrations. Then the British police violently suppressed the demonstrators, causing 12 deaths in China. By June 1, more than 20 people had been killed in China.
"Who will tell the truth?"
None of the newspapers in Shanghai reported the tragedy. The front page news is mostly gossip of Chinese Peking Opera actors. Due to the pressure of the authorities, the Shanghai newspaper refused to mention this matter. As a reporter, Ye Shengtao accused in public, "Why did the reporter turn a blind eye to this terrible bloody case so mercilessly? Why are they so afraid of the truth? The funny thing is that no one dares to tell the truth. " Ye Shengtao founded Axiom Daily with Zheng Zhenduo and Hu Yuzhi (1896-1986). Despite the strong oppression of imperialism, they show tragedies in a panoramic view to awaken the conscience and patriotism of ordinary people. At the same time, it is also to promote the spread of "May 30th Spirit" in China.
New methods of news reporting
In order to report the truth more, Axiom Daily provides a forum for public discussion called "Social Adjudication Office" to encourage readers to express their views on society. Ye Shengtao and other editors of Axiom Daily fiercely criticized social injustice. This newspaper played the role of supervisor of authoritarian regime, and at the same time enlightened the concept of "freedom of the press" in China's early modern society.
Due to financial difficulties and differences among editors, Axiom magazine was finally closed 22 days after its establishment. Ye Shengtao never stopped pursuing the truth. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1937-1945) participated in the struggle against the national government and strived for freedom of the press in democratic countries.
Concepts of education and journalism
"Teaching is for not teaching"
Ye Shengtao had an important influence on the development of modern education in China. He introduced a brand-new concept to education in China. He said: "Students should be taught learning methods instead of inculcating book knowledge in detail for a long time." This view breaks through the traditional Chinese teaching concept and is used to relying heavily on memory and indoctrination. In addition, Ye Shengtao promoted critical thinking and made people realize the importance of personal value judgment. He believes that these learning skills should be used to build students' foundation and will also become the starting point for students' lifelong learning.
Literature for life
Ye Shengtao wrote emotionally in his works reflecting on real life:
"In my memory, I never seem to have written my own vague or unclear knowledge. In other words, I can't write what I can only imagine, but I haven't lost my imagination. I live in cities, towns and villages, and I write down what I observe in those places. As a teacher, I know something about life in the education circle and keep records. On some quite basic and simple levels, I paid attention to the gradual development of the China revolution, and at the same time, I also recorded these things. "
-Xia Zhiqing's CT Hsia (history of modern novels in China), quoted from page 59.
Most of his news works are inspired by people's lives. He believes that literary works are not only used for entertainment, but also a tool to reflect life and inspire readers to think about reality. He felt obliged to let readers know what really happened around them. This is also the reason why he wants to connect literature with news reports. He believes that literary works should also be used to awaken young people's concern and sensitivity to society. This view is like the basic principle for journalists to tell the truth. Ye Shengtao also takes journalists as his lifelong career.
readability
Readability is a prominent feature of Ye Shengtao's works. It means that readers can perceive and understand the content of the article more efficiently. As a journalist, Ye Shengtao emphasizes the use of words in his works. This is probably because he had been a teacher of 10 for many years before he became an editor. He believes that the article is written for readers, and at the same time he regards the article as a tool for readers to communicate with the author. A huge problem faced by the authors at that time was that they did not have excellent writing ability. Their expressions are inaccurate and vague. Only well-educated people can appreciate their articles. The author does not attach importance to practicality. So literary works are difficult to be accepted by the general public. Ye Shengtao believes that only by writing practical and easy-to-understand articles can we write elegant works. If the reader doesn't understand the content of the article, the article is useless.
Contribution to literature
Realism: the mirror of life
Realism is the most distinctive feature of Ye Shengtao. Ye Shengtao is one of the pioneers of realistic writing. His works are like a mirror, reflecting the dark side of society and human nature.
Because he is an educator, in Ye Shengtao's works, he describes many intellectuals, many exploited and powerless people at the bottom of society. Ye Shengtao's works always reflect truth and reality. He expressed his democratic and socialist thoughts in novels such as Fire, Offline and Scarecrow. These articles focus on the miserable life of the people at the bottom of society. His widely acclaimed novel Ni Huanzhi describes the tragic life of an intellectual.
Ye Shengtao found that many people in New China were selfish, cold, hypocritical and conservative. People give up their life value for a stable life. Ye Shengtao satirized these people in his works. He expressed his dissatisfaction, hoping to awaken people's consciousness and face up to these social ills. Ye Shengtao not only writes stories, but also reports social fallacies. His works are not used for recreation, but to fill people's leisure with their cognition and thinking about reality. "... the basis of writing is a pair of eyes that are insightful and observant, but my eyes don't have much insight ... Of course, there is no need to train my eyes for writing. Eye training is to gain insight into reality and enrich life. "(from-Ye Shengtao" Talking about the Past "on page 46)
Children's Literature: Cultivating Young Mind
Ye Shengtao's first academic paper on children's literature was entitled "The Concept of Children", which criticized the bad influence on children in China.
In fact, Ye Shengtao was the first fairy tale writer in the 1920s. The work Scarecrow was published in 1923. This children's book is very popular among many teenagers. Another work, The Stone Statue of Ancient Heroes, tells the story that a stone was carved into a heroic image. The moral behind this popular story is to laugh at the arrogance of experts and people's numbness.
Ding Ling, a student of Ye Shengtao, once praised his fairy tales for inspiring people to think more about society. Ye Shengtao's fairy tales are simple, but they have profound connotations. He believes that children have personal views on the surrounding environment, so their critical ability should be improved. Through the story of Ye Shengtao, children can gradually have a clear understanding of this society and their relationship.
Language and rhetoric
Ye Shengtao's language is concise and touching, and he is famous for his ability to express words properly. Ye Shengtao emphasized feelings and emotions in his report. The characters in Ye Shengtao's works are vivid and lively, and he has a profound insight into the inner world of the characters. Zhao, a famous writer, praised Ye Shengtao as an anomaly in the writing world, with outstanding talent and amazing. His beautiful articles will be circulated in the world for a long time. The emotions and feelings he expressed built the foundation of truth and reality, and also made his articles full of infinite power. "Emotion is like a flashing light, but the narrative is eye-catching because of this light," Ye Shengtao said. This dialogue shows to some extent that Ye Shengtao is not only a good storyteller, but also an artist.
Inject foreign language elements
Ye Shengtao's realistic writing style has become the object of imitation by many writers. He admits that reading some works by western novelists is very helpful to his writing. "If I don't read English, if I don't touch English books, I won't write novels." His works are reflective and speculative. These unknowns depend on perception, but also on actual and objective observation. Ye Shengtao is not only a writer but also a journalist. The observation of reality became the source of his writing and opened up a new world for China's modern literature.