Manchu Eight Banners: The order of the Eight Banners is yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, blue flag, white flag, red flag, red flag and blue flag. In addition, the Manchu Eight Banners are divided into left and right wings, namely, the left-wing yellow flag, the right white flag, the right blue flag and the white flag; Right-wing yellow flag, red flag, red flag and blue flag. The Eight Banners of Manchuria are divided into three flags: the upper flag, the lower flag and the internal affairs office. The three flags (yellow flag, yellow flag and white flag) are under the Langwei system. The key parts of the Forbidden City close to the emperor are all selected by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and six guards (yellow flag, yellow flag and white flag) are in charge. Divided into two classes: inside and outside. The inner palace, such as Qingmen, Neiyoumen, Shenwumen and Ningshoumen, is mostly full of people. The foreign class stays at Taihe Gate and other foreign courts, and uses both Manchu and Mongolian. The next five flags (zhenglan flag, white flag, zhenghongqi flag, red flag and blue flag) are guarded by soldiers, and the Manchu and Mongolian are divided into the left and right wings for night guards. Each has a striker and a leader to prepare for the police. Each flag selects 4,8 people to raise soldiers and train their skills. Later, the number of soldiers increased repeatedly, and by the time of Qianlong, Manchu and Mongolian had raised more than 2.3 thousand soldiers. The three flags of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, that is, the coated three flags, are composed of the coating of the original three flags, and have nothing to do with the eight flags. The flag bearer of the interior office is the slave of the emperor and the nobles of the imperial clan, but not the slave of the general flag bearer. The transition from the internal affairs office system to the Eight Banners system has always been called "flag raising". There are generally three ways to carry the flag. One is to carry it from the three flags of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the eight flags, the other is to carry it from the next five flags to the upper three flags, and the third is to carry it from the next flag to the previous flag according to the arrangement order of the eight flags. Flag-raising is a kind of "kindness", which shows that one's status has improved. The organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs originated from the coating (slave) system in Manchu society, and its main personnel were composed of the coatings belonging to the upper three banners (yellow-inlaid, yellow-yellow and white-white banners) in Manchu Eight Banners. The highest official is the minister in charge of the internal affairs office, and it is the second grade. It is specially simplified by the emperor from the princes, ministers, ministers and assistant ministers of Manchuria, or from the guards of Manchuria, the doctors of this office and the ministers of the Third Hospital. All the affairs of the emperor's family, such as clothing, food, shelter and transportation, were undertaken by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, so the number of eunuchs in the Qing Dynasty was only 2,. The composition of the inner three banners is also different from that of the eight banners. Under the inner ginseng collar, there are government-assisted collars, flag-drum-assisted collars and inner tube collars. Neifu Zuoling, that is, Manchu Zuoling owned by the royal family, is composed of Manchu civilians; The flag drum with collar is all the * * * with collar of the emperor. At the beginning of the Three Flags of Neifu, there were 9 Manchu-assisted collars, 12 flag-drum-assisted collars, 1 Korean-assisted collars and 2 inner tube collars. In the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi (1695), it was increased to 15 in Manchuria, 18 in Qigu, 2 in Korea and 3 in charge. The person who coats the Inner Three Flags has the obligation to armor according to the requirements of the imperial court, except for serving as a close messenger dedicated to the imperial court. Among them, there are 89 (or 9) people in Manchuria, North Korea, and armor; There are 59 people in armor, 89 in management and 89 in armor. What does the "coating" of Zhengbaiqi mean?
what does it mean to be a domestic slave?
The Eight Banners system was an important social organization system in the Qing Dynasty, which can be traced back to the system of Meng 'an and Moke, a social grass-roots organization with military and political integration in the Jin Dynasty. At the beginning of the Jin Shi Bing Zhi, when Nvzhen was recorded, "its minister called Meng 'an and Moke, and the soldiers were called Meng 'an and Moke, which was based on their number. Those who are brave, thousands of commanders, conspirators, and centurions. " Taizu Nuerhachi inherited and developed this system. In the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (161), four flags were built, namely, the yellow flag, the blue flag, the white flag and the red flag. In the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1615), four flags were added, which were called yellow flag, blue flag, red flag and white flag. Three hundred people were designated as a cow record, five cows were designated as a armour, and five armour were designated as a solid mountain (flag). The Eight Banners system "unified the army with flags, unified the people with flags", plowing and hunting at ordinary times, and armored for battle in wartime. With the Eight Banners as the link, the Eight Banners system connects the military, politics, economy, administration, justice and clan of the whole society into a well-organized and vibrant social organism. The Eight Banners system is a creation of Nurhachi, a core social system of Qing Dynasty, and a key to the Qing Dynasty's decision to set Yanjing, enter the Central Plains, unify China and stabilize the political power. After Emperor Taizong's succession to the throne, he created the Eight Banners of Mongolia and the Eight Banners of Han Army on the basis of the Eight Banners of Manchuria, with the same establishment as the Eight Banners of Manchuria. So far, from the establishment of the Eight Banners system in the forty-third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, it was not until the seventh year of Chongde in the Qing Dynasty that the organization of the Eight Banners was completed. Eight Banners soldiers are divided into Beijing camp and garrison. Jingying is the general name of the Eight Banners Army, such as Manchuria, which was stationed in the capital of Qing Dynasty, and it is divided into Ministry guards and soldiers guards. As the emperor's pro-army, the Ministry guards must wear three flags (yellow-inlaid, yellow-yellow and white-white) and be under the command of the minister in the bodyguard. The task of the soldiers and guards is to defend the capital. The soldiers and guards are composed of the Eight Banners and the Green Camp soldiers. The Green Camp is a troop composed of * *. The garrison troops are stationed in important locations in various provinces, forming a military control network for the whole country. Administratively, all the commanders of Beijing Banner are under the jurisdiction of this banner, but in the military system, the vanguard camp, the guard camp, the xiaoqi camp and the infantry camp are independently organized according to the arms. Among them, the xiaoqi camp, the guard camp and the infantry camp are all set up according to the flag, and the vanguard camp is set up according to the left and right wings. The guard camp and the vanguard camp are forbidden to guard the palace at ordinary times, and the emperor is the elite of the Eight Banners when he goes out. In the future, Tiger Gun Camp, Firearms Camp, Jianrui Camp, Rescue Camp and Shenji Camp will be added as special arms. The direct command of the Eight Banners Commander-in-Chief is the Xiaoqi Camp, and the president or commander-in-chief refers to the vanguard camp, the guard camp, the sharp camp, the firearms camp and the infantry camp. Eight Banners of Manchuria: The order of the Eight Banners is yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, blue flag, white flag, red flag, red flag and blue flag. In addition, the Manchu Eight Banners are divided into left and right wings, namely, the left-wing yellow flag, the right white flag, the right blue flag and the white flag; Right-wing yellow flag, red flag, red flag and blue flag. The Eight Banners of Manchuria are divided into three flags: the upper flag, the lower flag and the internal affairs office. The three flags (yellow flag, yellow flag and white flag) are under the Langwei system. The key parts of the Forbidden City close to the emperor are all selected by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and six guards (yellow flag, yellow flag and white flag) are in charge. Divided into two classes: inside and outside. The inner palace, such as Qingmen, Neiyoumen, Shenwumen and Ningshoumen, is mostly full of people. The foreign class stays at Taihe Gate and other foreign courts, and uses both Manchu and Mongolian. The next five flags (zhenglan flag, white flag, zhenghongqi flag, red flag and blue flag) are guarded by soldiers, and the Manchu and Mongolian are divided into the left and right wings to prepare for the guards. Each has a striker and a leader to prepare for the police. Each flag selects 4,8 people to raise soldiers and train their skills. Later, the number of soldiers increased repeatedly, and by the time of Qianlong, Manchu and Mongolian had raised more than 2.3 thousand soldiers. The three flags of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, that is, the coated three flags, are composed of the coating of the original three flags, and have nothing to do with the eight flags. The flag bearer of the interior office is the slave of the emperor and the nobles of the imperial clan, but not the slave of the general flag bearer. The transition from the internal affairs office system to the Eight Banners system has always been called "flag raising". There are generally three ways to carry the flag. One is to carry it from the three flags of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the eight flags, the other is to carry it from the next five flags to the upper three flags, and the third is to carry it from the next flag to the previous flag according to the arrangement order of the eight flags. Flag-raising is a kind of "kindness", which shows that one's status has improved. The organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs originated from the coating (slave) system in Manchu society, and its main personnel were composed of the coatings belonging to the upper three banners (yellow-inlaid, yellow-yellow and white-white banners) in Manchu Eight Banners. The highest official is the minister in charge of the internal affairs office, and it is the second grade. It is specially simplified by the emperor from the princes, ministers, ministers and assistant ministers of Manchuria, or from the guards of Manchuria, the doctors of this office and the ministers of the Third Hospital. All the affairs of the emperor's family, such as clothing, food, shelter and transportation, were undertaken by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, so the number of eunuchs in the Qing Dynasty was only 2,. The composition of the inner three banners is also different from that of the eight banners. Under the inner ginseng collar, there are government-assisted collars, flag-drum-assisted collars and inner tube collars. Neifu Zuoling, that is, Manchu Zuoling owned by the royal family, is composed of Manchu civilians; The flag drum with collar is all the * * * with collar of the emperor. At the beginning of the Three Flags of Neifu, there were 9 Manchu-assisted collars, 12 flag-drum-assisted collars, 1 Korean-assisted collars and 2 inner tube collars. In the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi (1695), it was increased to 15 in Manchuria, 18 in Qigu, 2 in Korea and 3 in charge. The person who coats the Inner Three Flags has the obligation to armor according to the requirements of the imperial court, except for serving as a close messenger dedicated to the imperial court. Among them, there are 89 (or 9) people in Manchuria, North Korea, and armor; There are 59 people in armor, 89 in management and 89 in armor. Eight Banners of Mongolia: In the 22nd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1615), Taizu established the Eight Banners system, which included some Mongolians who joined in Manchuria Niulu, and others were compiled separately as Mongolian Niulu. In the third year of Emperor Taizong's reign (1629), there were already records of the Mongolian Second Banner, which was called the Left and Right Battalion. In the eighth year (1634), it was renamed the left-wing soldiers and the right-wing soldiers. In nine years, after the conquest of Chahar Department, the late Jin Dynasty conducted a large-scale editing of many Mongolian able-bodied men, which was officially compiled into Eight Banners Mongolia, and appointed Adai, * * *, Engetu, Buyandai, Yibai, Suna, Wu Lai and Hushibu as Gushan Erzhen (Dutong), and later Mongolians were included. Eight Banners of the Han Army: During the reign of Nuerhachi, Emperor Taizu of Qing Dynasty, the surrendered * * * was woven into sixteen auxiliary banners and transferred to the Eight Banners of Manchuria. In the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1631), in order to balance the military strength of the Eight Banners (Baylor), Huang Taiji was good at firearms with * * *, and set aside * * to set up another army, named "Uzhen Chaoha". Tong Yang is an Angbang Zhangjing (the general manager). Ten years is divided into two flags, Shi Tingzhu is the left-wing flag Gushan Ezhen (Dutong) and Ma Guangyuan is the right-wing flag Gushan Ezhen (Dutong). Twelve years is divided into four flags, Shi Tingzhu, Ma Guangyuan, Wang Shixuan and Bayan are Gushan Ezhen (Dutong). In the fifteenth year, it was added to the Eight Banners, with Zuzerun, Liu Zhiyuan, Wu Shoujin, Jin Li, Tong Tulai, Shi Tingzhu, Ba Yan and Li Guohan as the true leaders of Gushan, with 129 assistants and 24,5 people. After entering the customs, due to the drastic changes in the situation, many * * * officers and men were recruited one after another, and they developed into 27 assistant leaders with 2, soldiers. The establishment has more than doubled, but the number of soldiers is less than that at the beginning. There are more officials than Serenade, which reflects the policy of netting Han officials. After the mid-Kangxi period, in order to strengthen its control, the above-mentioned personnel were vacant, and each was supplemented by the Eight Banners of Manchuria and Mongolia. Attachment: The smallest unit of the Eight Banners is Niulu, and the number of Niulu is really 1 person; 5 Niu Lu is 1 carat, and there is 1 person in Jiala. 5 Jiala is 1 Gushan, and Gushan has 1 person. Niulu is not only a social organization, but also compiled by a unit during the war. Each Niulu has 3 households, and each household has a able-bodied man. When the father dies, the son succeeds, and the brother dies, only when the whole army is dispatched can each Niulu have 3 people. In general, there are only a few dozen people per cow. The composition of the Eight Banners is 3 cattle records of Manchu Eight Banners, including about 1 Mongolian cattle records that have been Manchu, and only 21 pure Manchu cattle records. Mongolian Eight Banners 129 Niu Lu and Han Army Eight Banners 167 Niu Lu. The number of cattle records in the late Qing Dynasty did not increase much. According to historical records, there were 38 records of Manchu cattle, 76 records of Mongolian cattle, 16 records of Han army cattle and 4 records of * * *. My surname is Yu, and I'm Manchu. Baidu said that the Manchu Yu is the coating of Zhengbai Banner and Zhenglan Banner. What does this coating mean?
Coating generally means coating Aha, which means domestic slave in Manchu. Coating means home, and Aha means slave. Coated Aha is a personal belonging system within the Eight Banners organization in Qing Dynasty, which is owned by the Eight Banners nobles and engaged in housework and productive labor. Some coatings are favored and distinguished, such as Cao Xueqin's family.
The coating of Zhengbaiqi and Zhenglanqi means: slaves of Zhengbaiqi and Zhenglanqi. Zhengbaiqi and Zhenglanqi belong to the Eight Banners of Manchu Dynasty, and the other six flags are: Zhenghuangqi, Yellow Flag, White Flag, Zhenghongqi, Red Flag and Blue Flag.
Extended information:
The coat man in the interior office is a deformed product of the feudal society in the Qing Dynasty with a very special identity, and it is also a relic of the society in the primitive stage in early Manchuria. Inner-government coating, within the supreme ruling clique, is the victim of oppression and exploitation, while outside that clique, it is also the victim of oppression and exploitation.
On the one hand, their status is extremely low, and on the other hand, they breathe through the throne. On the contrary, they can be promoted to a higher position and put on airs more easily than other people. Their wealth and actual enjoyment are not inferior to those of ordinary officials and great ministers.
For example, the imperial concubine of Emperor Kangxi and Yong Zhengdi's biological mother, Empress Xiao Gongren, Wu Yashi, were coated with Manchu Zhenghuang Banner, and the imperial concubine of Emperor Qianlong, namely the biological mother of Emperor Jiaqing, Empress Xiao Yichun, was coated with Manchu Zhenghuang Banner.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Coated Aha
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Eight Banners Liu Jia's: There are two Liu Jia's, one is Manchu surname, and the other is Li Zhengbai Banner's coated family; One is a Mongolian surname, which is covered with a yellow flag.
From the way you ask questions, you can see that you are either half-Chinese or half-full, and you are Han. But also belongs to the Han nationality who knows nothing about minority affairs. Liu Jia' is a Chinese transliteration of the Manchu language liogiyara. Because there is no such sound in Chinese, it can only be written as Liu Jia. "Liu Jia's surname" is actually a false statement produced by the Han nationality after misunderstanding the Manchu surname. You accept this wrong statement, and you are wrong along with it. ---------------. The old surname of Manchu refers to the name of a family, which is called Hala in Manchu. The surname Liu Jia is "Liu Jia Hala" in Manchu and "Liu Jia clan" in Chinese. This name of the whole family does not represent one person, but represents the whole family. Generally, it is not used as a surname. Of course, no one hangs it before the first name, and it is not used at ordinary times. Only when someone asks about family background will Manchu people say that they are XXX Hara. Therefore, there is no such name as Liu Jia XX. Since ancient times, none of Manchu Liu Jia's people have a name of' Liu Jia XX'. This way of naming is Han, and there is no such thing in Manchu. Liu Jiayu is a completely Han name. Manchu used to be a nomadic people, and their living areas were very mobile, so they didn't pay attention to family background, so they rarely used surnames, and most of them didn't have surnames. You can see the names of so many Manchu people in the Qing Dynasty, such as Sony, Aobai, Bahai, Akdun, Bursai, Heshen, Fu Kangan, Mingrui, Yinghe and Rong Lu ... If you don't check the information, can you see their surnames? Who is the white flag?
Liu has many old surnames, which are the earliest used Chinese surnames. The old surnames include: Ira, Iri, Iraqi, Liu Jia (also known as Liu Jia), Ningguta, Niuzhilu, Wukuli, and Liu (Han nationality, Korean nationality) who joined Manchu. Ira: Li Zhenghuang Banner. IRI: The flag is inlaid with yellow. Ilazi: Li Zhenghuang Banner. Liu Jia's surname: There are two Liu Jia's surnames, one is Manchu surname, and the other is Li Zhengbai Banner. One is a Mongolian surname, which is covered with a yellow flag. Ningguta clan: among the Ningguta clans who live in Ningguta, there are Nikali clan, Fengmine clan and Wengjia clan.