Du Fu (AD 712--770), Han nationality, with the courtesy name Zimei, was born in Gong County, Henan Province (now Gong County, Henan Province). He was the grandson of Du Shenyan, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty. He arrived in Chang'an in the fifth year of Tianbao (AD 746), and then went to take the imperial examination. Because Li Linfu had cheated on power, Du Fu and all the candidates failed, so he never became a Jinshi throughout his life. Because he once lived in Shaoling, south of Chang'an City, he called himself Shaoling Yelao, and was known as Du Shaoling in the world. Read and travel before the age of thirty-five. When he arrived in Chang'an during the Tianbao period, he had no way to enter the officialdom. After ten years of hardship, he got the small post of right guard and led the governor of the government to join the army. When the An-Shi Rebellion began, he went into exile and was captured by the rebels. After escaping from danger, he was awarded the rank of Zuo Shiyi. In the second year of Qianyuan (759), he abandoned his official position and traveled westward, finally arriving in Sichuan and settling in Chengdu. He served as Yan Wumuzhong, the envoy of the Jiannan Festival, and served as Wailang, a member of the School Inspection and Engineering Department, so he was also known as the Du Gongbu. In his later years, his family moved eastward, staying in Kuizhou for two years before leaving the Xiaxia. He wandered around Hubei and Hunan and died of poverty and illness.
Zimei lived during the historical period when the Tang Dynasty was transitioning from prosperity to decline. His poems mostly dealt with social unrest, political darkness, and people's suffering, and are known as the "history of poetry." He was concerned about the country and the people, had a noble personality and superb poetic skills, and was regarded as the "Sage of Poetry".
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and developing them creatively. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu style of poetry. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the New Yuefu Movement in the mid-Tang Dynasty. His May 7 ancient novel is both poetry and history. It unfolds the narrative, but also focuses on the convolution of the entire article, marking a high achievement in the art of poetry in my country. Du Fu also showed significant creativity in the Five and Seven Rhythms, and accumulated complete artistic experience in rhythm, antithesis, word and sentence refining, etc., bringing this genre to a fully mature stage. There is "Du Gongbu Collection" handed down from generation to generation.
Self-named Shaoling Yelao, Du Shaoling, Du Gongbu, etc. A great realist poet in ancient my country, he is known as the "Sage of Poetry". He wrote more than 1,400 poems in his life. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei, born in Gong County, Henan. His distant ancestor is Du Yu, who was famous in the Jin Dynasty, his current ancestor is Du Shenyan, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and his father is Du Xian. During the reign of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, official Zuo collected the artifacts. After he entered Shu, his friend Yan Wu recommended him to be a staff officer of Jiannan Jiedu Mansion and a member of the school's Ministry of Industry. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.
Du Fu and Li Bai are equally famous, and are known as "Big Li Du" in the world. The core of his thoughts is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He had the grand ambition to "serve the kings Yao and Shun, and then make customs pure". He loves life, loves the people, and loves the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hates evil and criticizes and exposes corruption in the court and dark phenomena in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized about being willing to make self-sacrifice to relieve their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of concern for the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems have rich social content, strong color of the times and distinct political tendencies. They truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and the broad picture of social life in a historical era before and after the Anshi Rebellion. Therefore, they are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du's poetry is basically "contemplative and melancholy", the language and chapter structure are full of changes, and it pays attention to the precise words and sentences. At the same time, his poems are in various styles. In addition to Wu Gu, Qi Gu, Wu Lv and Qi Lv, he also wrote a lot of arranged rhymes and oblique styles. There are also various artistic techniques, and it is the master of Tang poetry thought and art. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Han and Wei Yuefu's "feeling of sorrow and music, and inspired by events". He got rid of the shackles of ancient Yuefu inscriptions and created many new Yuefu inscriptions that are "famous pieces for immediate events and will never be relied upon again", such as the famous " "Three Officials", "Three Farewells", etc. After his death, he was highly praised by Fan Huang, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi and others. Du's poems had a profound influence on the literary and artistic thought of Yuan Bai's "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's modern allegorical poems about current affairs. But it was after the Song Dynasty that Du's poetry received widespread attention. Wang Yu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu. Wen Tianxiang even regarded Du Fu's poems as the spiritual force to uphold national integrity. The influence of Du Shi, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Volume 190 of "Old Tang Book". There is "Du Gongbu Collection".
Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" are masterpieces of Du Fu's realist poetry.
It truly describes the thoughts, feelings, actions, and language of county officials, officials, old women, old men, brides, husbands, etc. under specific circumstances, and vividly reflects the social reality of that period and the profound disasters of the working people. and pain, showing people scenes of miserable life tragedies. In these descriptions of the sufferings of life, on the one hand, the poet expressed deep sympathy for the suffering people and abhorred the slavery and persecution imposed on the people by the officials; on the other hand, he supported the dynasty's war to quell chaos and hoped that the people Endure the hardships and cooperate with the dynasty to put down the rebellion. This complex and contradictory thought is in line with the poet's concern for the country and the people.
Edited on 2013-07-09
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Du Fu’s information and family background
More pictures (35 photos) Du Fu (712 AD - 770 AD), The courtesy name is Zimei, and he calls himself Shaoling Yelao. He is Han nationality, originally from Xiangyang, and later moved to Gong County, Henan. Du Fu had a profound influence on Chinese classical poetry. He was called the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations, and his poems were called the "History of Poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang. Du Fu created such masterpieces as "Spring Look", "Northern Expedition", "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". In the second year of Qianyuan (759), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he escaped the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the common people and national affairs. Although Du Fu is a realist poet, he also has a wild and uninhibited side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroic spirit from his famous work "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking". The core of Du Fu's thoughts is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has the grand ambition of "bringing the emperors Yao and Shun to the throne, and then making the customs pure." Although Du Fu was not well-known during his lifetime, he later became famous and had a profound impact on both Chinese and Japanese literature. About 1,500 poems by Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected in "Du Gongbu Collection".
75 likes · 2, 403 views 2017-11-27
Du Fu’s life experience
Du Fu (712～770) was a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The words are beautiful. His ancestral home is Xiangyang (now part of Hubei), and he was born in Gong County, Henan. Because he once lived in Shaoling in the south of Chang'an City, he was recommended by Yan Wu as Jiedu staff officer in Chengdu and a member of the Ministry of Inspection and Engineering; later generations called him Du Shaoling, Du Gongbu. Du Fu was born in a family with a "Confucianism and officialdom" and a literary tradition. He was the grandson of the famous poet Du Shenyan.
He studied poetry at the age of 7 and became famous at the age of 15. After the age of 20, it can be divided into 4 periods. From Xuanzong's Kaiyuan 19th year (731) to Tianbao's fourth year (745), Du Fu lived a romantic life of "Qiu Ma Qing Kuang". He once roamed around Wuyue and Qi Zhao areas. During this period, he went to Luoyang to take the imperial examination and failed. In the third year of Tianbao's reign, he became close friends with Li Bai in Luoyang. They broke up the following autumn and never met again. There are more than 20 poems written by Du Fu in this period, most of them are Wulu and Wugu, represented by "Wang Yue". From the fifth to the fourteenth year of Tianbao's reign, Du Fu was trapped in Chang'an and was in poverty. He constantly devoted himself to powerful people in order to advance in officialdom. In the sixth year, he took the "Zhiju" examination; in the tenth year, he presented three "Da Li Fu" which were appreciated by Xuanzong and ordered the prime minister to test the articles; but there were no results. It was not until October of the 14th year, one month before the Anshi Rebellion, that he was appointed as the right guard and led the governor to join the army. The frustration of his official career and personal hardship forced him to realize the corruption of the rulers and the suffering of the people more objectively, making him gradually become a poet who cared about the country and the people. Creation has undergone profound and huge changes. It has produced immortal masterpieces such as "The Troops' Chariots", "The Beauty's Journey", "Out of the Fortress Before", "Out of the Fortress Behind", "Five Hundred Words of Praise for the Journey from Beijing to Fengxian County" and "The wine and meat in Zhumen are smelly, and there are people who freeze to death on the road." Bones" is a warning. There are about 100 poems handed down from this period, most of which are ancient poems of five or seven characters. From Suzong's reign in Deyuanzai (756) to the second year of Qianyuan (759), the Anshi Rebellion was at its peak. Du Fu also went through many hardships, but his creative achievements were great. After the fall of Chang'an, he went north to Lingwu to defect to Su Zong, but was captured on the way and was trapped among thieves for nearly half a year. Later, he risked his own life and fled back to Fengxiang from Chang'an. Soon after, he disobeyed the decree due to the housing case and almost died. After Chang'an was recovered, he returned to Beijing and took up his original post. In May 758, he was demoted to Huazhou Si Gong and joined the army, bidding farewell to Chang'an forever. During this period, Du Fu had a clearer understanding of reality, and successively wrote "Sorrow of Chen Tao", "Spring Outlook", "Northern Expedition", "Qiang Village", "Three Officials", "Three Farewells" and other handed down works. Masterpiece. In 759, there was a great famine in Guanfu. Du Fu was disappointed with politics. He resigned after the Beginning of Autumn and passed through Qinzhou and Tonggu before arriving in Chengdu at the end of the year. There are more than 200 poems handed down from this period, most of which are masterpieces of Du's poems. In the 11 years from the first year of Shangyuan of Suzong (760) to the fifth year of Dali of Daizong (770), Du Fu stayed in Shuzhong for eight years and Jing and Xiang for three years. In the spring of 760, he built a thatched cottage by the Huanhua River in Chengdu and lived there on and off for five years. During this period, he was exiled to Zi and Langzhou due to chaos. In 765, when Yan Wu died, Du Fu lost his support and his family left Chengdu. He stayed in Yun'an due to illness and moved to Kuizhou in the late spring of the following year. He left the gorge in 768 and visited Jiangling and Gong'an before arriving in Yueyang at the end of the year. During the last two years of his life, he had no fixed place to live. Wandering between Yueyang, Changsha, Hengyang and Leiyang, most of the time was spent on the boat. In the winter of 770, Du Fu died on the ship from Changsha to Yueyang at the age of 59. Before his death, he wrote a 36-rhyme long poem "Lying on the Pillow and Reading in a Wind-Speed ??Boat", which contains the sentence "The blood of the battle still flows, and the sound of the army continues to this day", still thinking about the national disaster. In these 11 years, he wrote more than 1,000 poems (including more than 430 poems by Kuizhou), accounting for five-sevenths of all Du poems. Most of them are quatrains and rhymed poems, and there are also long arrangements. Famous works include "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", "Hearing the Official Army Takes Henan and Hebei", "Eight Poems of Autumn", "Climbing High", "Another Present to Wu Lang", etc. There are more than 1,400 Du poems in existence. It profoundly reflects the overall social picture of the Tang Dynasty for more than 20 years before and after the Anshi Rebellion, and vividly records Du Fu's life experience; it closely combines social reality with personal life, achieving the perfect unity of ideological content and artistic form; and represents the development of poetry in the Tang Dynasty. The highest achievement. It is called "the history of poetry" by future generations. However, Du Fu did not objectively narrate and write history with poetry; instead, he expressed his subjective feelings through unique artistic means while deeply and extensively reflecting reality. As Pu Qilong said: "Shaoling's poems reflect one person's temperament, and the events of the three dynasties will be reflected in them" ("Du Xinjie"). Since the late Tianbao period, Du Fu has written a large number of political poems on current affairs. Short stories such as "Washing the Soldiers and Horses", "Feelings", "Beauty's Journey", "Three Quatrains", "Sick Orange", "Song of the Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind", "Wu Lang Presented Again", and long stories such as "Book of Kuizhou" Although the contents of "Reminiscences", "Going to Be", "Thatched Cottage" and "Reminiscences of Reminiscences" are different, they all combine personal emotions with facts and have a strong lyrical color. There are a large number of war themes in Du's poems. Du Fu had different attitudes towards wars of different natures.
In the Song Dynasty, there were many special books on the chronology, classification, and annotations of Du's poems, such as Wang Zhu's "Collection of Du Gongbu", Guo Zhida's "Jiujia Annotation of Du's Poems", Lu Bianci, and Cai Mengbi's "Du Gongbu Thatched Cottage Poetry Notes" ", "Divided Notes on Du Gongbu's Poems" edited by Xu Juren. There are more than a hundred annotations of Du's collections in later generations. The more popular ones include Qian Qianyi's "Annotation on Du Gongbu Collection", Qiu Zhao'ao's "Detailed Annotations on Du's Poems", Yang Lun's "Jingquan of Du's Poems", and Pu Qilong's "Reading Du Xinjie". Both the old and new "Book of Tang" contain Du Fu's original biography. After the two Song dynasties, there were very rich texts commenting on and explaining Du's poems in poetry notes. In 1964, Zhonghua Book Company compiled "Compilation of Classical Literature Research Materials: Du Fu Volume" and compiled "Parts of Tang and Song Dynasties". In the late Ming Dynasty, Wang Si published "Du Zui", and in the Qing Dynasty, Shi Hongbao published "Du Shi Shuo". In addition, Zhonghua Book Company also compiled the more important papers since the May 4th Movement into the "Collection of Research Papers on Du Fu". Biographies and new research monographs include Feng Zhi's "Biography of Du Fu", Xiao Difei's "Research on Du Fu", Fu Gengsheng's "On Du Fu's Poetry", and Zhu Dongrun's "A Narrative of Du Fu". More detailed chronologies include Wen Yiduo's "Chronicles of Mr. Shaoling" and the "Chronicles of Du Fu" from the Sichuan Literature and History Research Institute.
Reference: et.com/encyclopedia/history/person/bookman/991102070.htm
105 likes · 5, 675 views 2017-12-16
Du Fu’s family background
A brief introduction to Du Fu Du Fu (712--770 AD), Han nationality, named Zimei, named himself Shaoling Yelao, Du Shaoling, Du Gongbu, etc. A great realist poet in ancient my country, he is known as the "Sage of Poetry". He wrote more than 1,400 poems in his life. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei, he was born in Gong County, Henan (now Gongyi City). His distant ancestor is Du Yu, who was famous in the Jin Dynasty, his current ancestor is Du Shenyan, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and his father is Du Xian. During the reign of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, official Zuo collected the artifacts. After he entered Shu, his friend Yan Wu recommended him to be a staff officer of Jiannan Jiedu Mansion and a member of the school's Ministry of Industry. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Du Fu studied and traveled before he was thirty-five years old. When he arrived in Chang'an during the Tianbao period, he had no way to enter the officialdom. After ten years of hardship, he got the small post of right guard and led the governor of the government to join the army. When the An-Shi Rebellion began, he went into exile and was captured by the rebels. After escaping from danger, he was awarded the rank of Zuo Shiyi. In the second year of Qianyuan (759), he abandoned his official position and traveled westward, finally arriving in Sichuan and settling in Chengdu. He served as Yan Wumuzhong, the envoy of the Jiannan Festival, and served as Wailang, a member of the School Inspection and Engineering Department, so he was also known as the Du Gongbu. In his later years, his family moved eastward, staying in Kuizhou for two years before leaving the Xiaxia. He wandered around Hubei and Hunan and died of poverty and illness. Zimei lived during the historical period when the Tang Dynasty was transitioning from prosperity to decline. His poems mostly dealt with social unrest, political darkness, and people's suffering, and are known as the "history of poetry." He was concerned about the country and the people, had a noble personality and superb poetic skills, and was regarded as the "Sage of Poetry". Du Fu was good at using many systems of classical poetry and developing them creatively. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu style of poetry. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the New Yuefu Movement in the mid-Tang Dynasty. His May 7 ancient novel is both poetry and history. It unfolds the narrative, but also focuses on the convolution of the entire article, marking a high achievement in the art of poetry in my country. Du Fu also showed significant creativity in the Five and Seven Rhythms, and accumulated complete artistic experience in rhythm, antithesis, word and sentence refining, etc., bringing this genre to a fully mature stage. There is "Du Gongbu Collection" handed down from generation to generation. Du Fu and Li Bai are equally famous, and are known as "Big Li Du" in the world. The core of his thoughts is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He had the grand ambition to "serve the kings Yao and Shun, and then make customs pure". He loves life, loves the people, and loves the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hates evil and criticizes and exposes corruption in the court and dark phenomena in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized about being willing to make self-sacrifice to relieve their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of concern for the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems have rich social content, strong color of the times and distinct political tendencies. They truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and the broad picture of social life in a historical era before and after the Anshi Rebellion. Therefore, they are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du's poetry is basically "contemplative and melancholy", the language and chapter structure are full of changes, and it pays attention to the precise words and sentences. At the same time, his poems are in various styles. In addition to Wu Gu, Qi Gu, Wu Lv and Qi Lv, he also wrote a lot of arranged rhymes and oblique styles. There are also various artistic techniques, and it is the master of Tang poetry thought and art.
At the end of the day, there is a vast and vast collection of thousands of things, which exist in ancient and modern times. There are not enough people there, so the people are tired of it. The leftover cream is left with fragrance, and there are many descendants. Therefore, Yuan Zhen said: "Since the time of poets, there has never been anyone as beautiful as Zi." He was also good at describing current affairs, and his rhymes were profound. Han Yu of Changli cautiously approved the article, and when it came to the poem, he only recommended: "Li and Du's article are here, and the glory will last forever." It is true that it is true. "Old Tang Book Biography of Du Fu" Du Fu, courtesy name Zimei, was born in Xiangyang and later moved to Gong County, Henan. The great-grandfather followed Yi Yi and eventually became Gong Ling. Zu Shenyan, a member of the Zhongshan Department, Wai Lang, has his own biography. The father is free, but he always obeys the orders of heaven. At the beginning of Tianbao period (note: it should be the end of Kaiyuan Dynasty), he was not admitted as a Jinshi. At the end of Tianbao, he presented three major gifts. Xuanzong was so surprised that he called for an examination and awarded the Jingzhao Prefecture Soldier Cao to join the army (note: it should be Youwei who led the mansion to join the army). In the fifteenth year, Lushan visited the capital, and Suzong conscripted Lingwu. He fled from the capital at night and went to Hexi (note: he had not yet arrived in Hexi). He visited Suzong in Pengyuan (note: it should be Fengxiang) and paid homage to You Shiyi (note: it should be Zuo Shiyi). When Fang [King Guan] was a commoner, he was good to Fu. At that time [Wang Guan] was the prime minister, and he asked his commander to punish the thieves, and the emperor agreed. In October of that year, [Wang Guan] was defeated by Chen Taoxie. Next spring, [the king's official] will be dismissed as prime minister. Fu Shang Shu said that [the king's official] was talented and should not be dismissed. Suzong was angry and demoted [Wang Guan] to the position of governor. When he was released, he became the Huazhou Si Gong and joined the army. At that time, Guanfu was in chaos, Gu