Qingdao in the Qing Dynasty was a small fishing village under the jurisdiction of Jimo County. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Qingdao had developed into a prosperous town, formerly known as Jiao'ao. On June 14, 1891 (the seventeenth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the Qing government set up fortifications in Jiaoao, marking the beginning of the construction of Qingdao. In November 1897, Germany used the "Juye Mission Case" as an excuse to send troops to occupy Qingdao. The First World War broke out in 1914. In November, Japan invaded and occupied Qingdao, replacing Germany's military colonial rule of Qingdao. In 1919, the famous "May 4th Movement" in modern Chinese history was caused by the "recovery of Qingdao". On December 10, 1922, China took back Qingdao and established the Jiaoao Commercial Port Supervisory Office, directly under the Beiyang Government. In July 1929, Qingdao Special City was established. In 1930, it was renamed Qingdao City. In January 1938, Japan invaded Qingdao again. In September 1945, the Kuomintang government took over Qingdao and it remained a special city. On June 2, 1949, Qingdao was liberated.