Dead Sea (inland salt lake between Israel and Jordan)
Located at the junction of Israel and Jordan, the Dead Sea is the lowest lake in the world, with an altitude of
Dead Sea (inland salt lake between Israel and Jordan)
Located at the junction of Israel and Jordan, the Dead Sea is the lowest lake in the world, with an altitude of -422 meters. The Dead Sea is also the deepest saltwater lake in the world, with the deepest point of 380.29 meters and the deepest lake bed elevation of -800. 1 12 meters. It is also the third water body with high salt content on earth, second only to Lake Assal in Djibouti.
Assal) and the first Tangjuan Lake in Antarctica.
The Dead Sea is located in the Jordan Rift Valley, the Great Rift Valley between Israel and Jordan. It is 86 kilometers long from north to south, 5 to 16 kilometers wide from east to west, and the deepest part is 380.29 meters. The coast of the Dead Sea is the lowest point on the earth where land is exposed, and it is called "the navel of the world". Seen from a distance, the Dead Sea looks like a two-tailed fish. Under the sunlight, the sea looks like an ancient bronze mirror. 1967 after the Israeli-Arab war, the Israeli army has been occupying the whole West Bank.
The Dead Sea contains a high concentration of salt, which is 8.6 times that of normal seawater, resulting in no life in the water and even few life on the land along the Dead Sea. This is one of the reasons why people named it the Dead Sea. Because the Dead Sea is surrounded by land and is not connected with other rivers and oceans, there is no tidal phenomenon in the Dead Sea.
The Dead Sea, a saltwater lake on the border between Israel and Jordan, is disappearing. According to the data of the World Environmental Protection Organization, the water level of the Dead Sea is decreasing at a rate of 3.3 feet (about 1 m) every year, and the salinity of the Dead Sea is greatly increased with the decrease of water volume.
The origin of the name
The Dead Sea and its coast are rich in salt. In such water, it is difficult for fish and other aquatic organisms to survive. There are only bacteria and green algae in the water, and there are no other organisms. There are no flowers and plants growing on the shore and around it, so people call it the "Dead Sea".
The name of the Dead Sea can be traced back at least to the Hellenistic era (323-30 BC). Since the time of Abraham (the ancestor of the Hebrews) and the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (according to the Old Testament, these two cities were burned by skyfire because of their heinous crimes; Because the former sites of these two cities may have sunk into the Dead Sea, the Dead Sea has been linked with biblical history. The dry river of the lake first provided shelter for David (king of Israel) and Herod I (king of Judah), and besieged Jerusalem in 40 BC.
At that time, Herod I shut himself in a castle in Masaadeh. Mechada Castle was besieged for three years. Finally, in 73 AD, its Jewish fanatics committed suicide collectively and the castle was destroyed by the Romans. The Jewish Sect that left the Bible manuscript, now called the Dead Sea Scrolls, once hid in a cave in the northwest of the lake. ?
Climatic characteristics
The Dead Sea is located in the desert, with little and irregular rainfall. The annual rainfall of Lisan Peninsula is 65mm. The climate is warm in winter and hot in summer. The average annual evaporation of the lake is 1400 mm, so the lake often forms dense fog. The water level of the lake changes with the seasons, ranging from 30 to 60 cm. The upper water temperature of the lake is 19-37℃, the salinity is lower than 300‰, and it is rich in sulfate and bicarbonate. The bottom water temperature is 22℃ and the salinity is 332‰, which is rich in sulfide, magnesium, potassium, chlorine and bromine. Its bottom is full of sodium and chloride. There are chemical plants and saltworks in Jingtian on the south bank.
It is said that the Dead Sea is not frozen in winter, and it is very hot in summer, which causes the lake surface to evaporate about 1400 mm every year, and the lake surface often fogs.
The temperature of the Dead Sea is very high, and almost all the water (4-6.5 billion liters per day) flowing into the Dead Sea from the Jordan River has dried up, leaving more salt.
Genesis/Dead Sea
Dead sea water contains a lot of minerals, water is constantly evaporating and minerals are precipitated. Over the years, it has become the saltiest saltwater lake today. Human's understanding of the miracle of nature has gone through a long process, and finally the secrets of nature have been revealed by science.
The formation of the Dead Sea is caused by the natural conditions that the river water flowing into the Dead Sea is constantly evaporating and the minerals are sinking a lot.
There are two main reasons for this. First, the temperature of the Dead Sea is very high, with an average of 34℃ in summer and a maximum of 5 1℃, and 14- 17℃ in winter. The higher the temperature, the greater the evaporation. Secondly, it is dry and rainy here, with an average annual rainfall of only 50 mm, while the evaporation is about140 mm. There are many sunny days, strong sunshine, little rain and little supplementary water. The Dead Sea is becoming more and more "concentrated"-more and more minerals are deposited on the bottom of the lake, and the salinity is getting bigger and bigger. In this way, over the years, the dead sea, the saltiest saltwater lake in the world, was formed. The Dead Sea is an inland lake, so the only outflow of water is evaporation, and the Jordan River is the only river that flows into the Dead Sea. The water surface depends on whether the inflow of water is compared with the evaporation outflow. However, in recent years, the water level of the Dead Sea has been seriously threatened because Jordan and Israel take water from the Jordan River for irrigation and life.