186 1 After the death of Emperor Xianfeng, she was honored as Empress Dowager Xiaozhen with the emblem of Cixi, and was called the Queen Mother of Notre Dame; Later, Empress Dowager Ci 'an (filial piety) and Prince Gong Yixin jointly launched a Xin You coup, punished eight ministers and seized power, forming a pattern of "two palaces hanging over the curtain and the prince discussing politics". The Qing government temporarily entered a quiet period, which was called Tongzhi Zhongxing in history. 1873, the queen mother of the two palaces rolled back to the yamen.
1875, the Tongzhi emperor died, and his nephew Aisin-Gioro Zaitian was chosen as the heir of Xianfeng Datong, with the year Guangxu, and the two palaces listened to politics again; 188 1 The Empress Dowager Ci 'an died. 1884, Cixi launched an "imperial decree of Shen Jia" to remove Prince Gong and began to take charge of power alone. 1889 returned to Guangxu and retired to the Summer Palace; 1898, after the secret murder garden of the Emperor of the Reform Movement of 1898, Cixi launched a coup in 1898, imprisoned Emperor Guangxu, and the six gentlemen of the Reform Movement beheaded and lectured again; 1900 after the change of Gengzi, the New Deal was implemented in the late Qing Dynasty, and the law on military and commercial officials was reformed.
Extended data:
First, Guangxu
Aisin-Gioro Zaitian was the 1 1 th emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and the ninth emperor after the capital was established in Beijing. His reign year was Guangxu, known as Emperor Guangxu in history. His father, Prince Yi Xuan, and his biological mother, Ye Henala Wanzhen, are sisters of Empress Dowager Cixi. Be in power for 34 years
In the 13th year of Tongzhi (1875 65438+ 10), he was made emperor by the Empress Dowager of the two palaces. At first Empress Ci 'an and Cixi listened to politics. In the seventh year of Guangxu (188 1 year), Empress Cian died and the curtain was hung by Empress Cixi alone. In the 15th year of Guangxu (1889), Zai Tian was in charge. Since then, although he nominally belongs to Emperor Guangxu, in fact, power is still in the hands of Empress Dowager Cixi.
In the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-894-1895, after Zai Tian came to power, Emperor Guangxu tried his best to fight the main battlefield and opposed compromise, but was finally defeated by the Qing Dynasty because of court corruption. From his bitter experience, he strongly supported the political reform of the reformists in an attempt to strengthen the country. In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Emperor Guangxu promoted the Reform Movement of 1898, but it was opposed by the conservatives headed by Empress Dowager Cixi.
Emperor Guangxu intended to rely on Yuan Shikai to contain this force headed by Empress Dowager Cixi, but Yuan Shikai betrayed him. After that, she was imprisoned in Zhongnanhai by Empress Dowager Cixi. The whole reform only lasted 103 days, so it was called "hundred-day reform". After the coup, power once again fell into the hands of Cixi, who announced that Emperor Guangxu was ill and could not be the director, and actually imprisoned him in Xiyuan Yingtai, becoming a prisoner without cangue.
Second, tongzhi
Aisingiorro Zai Chun (1856-1875 65438+10/2), namely Mu Zong, the tenth emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the eighth emperor after the capital of the Qing dynasty, was named Tongzhi. He is the eldest son of Emperor Xianfeng and Literati in Qing Dynasty, and his biological mother is Ye Lahu, a dutiful wife. His time in office is 186 1 to 1875, *** 13. In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), Emperor Tongzhi was born on March 23rd (April 27th in Gregorian calendar) in Palace of Gathered Elegance, the Forbidden City in Beijing. Xianfeng acceded to the throne in the 11th year (186 1 year). During the Tongzhi period, the Qing government relied on Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and Zuo to suppress the Taiping Uprising.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Cixi
Baidu Encyclopedia-Aisin-George Zai Tian
Baidu Encyclopedia-Aisin Gioro Zai Chun