Explain in detail
1. Eight immortals crossing the sea
Eight immortals of Taoism in folklore. The story of the Eight Immortals has been recorded by people in the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, and their images are also found in Yuan Zaju, but their names are not yet fixed. Tie Guai Li, Han Zhongli, Zhang Guolao, Lan Caihe, He Xiangu, Lv Dongbin, Han Xiangzi and Cao Guojiu were identified in Wu Yuantai's Journey to the East. Refer to the Eight Immortals Textual Records of Qing Dynasty in Pujiang.
2. It refers to Rong Chenggong, Li Er, Dong Zhongshu, Zhang Daoling, Zhuang Junping, Li Babai, Fan Changsheng and Mr. Erzhu. Jin Xiuxiu's Shu Ji thought that all eight people achieved immortality in Shu.
3. It refers to Li Bai, He Zhizhang, Li Shizhi, Ruyang Wang Li Fu, Cui Zongzhi, Su Jin, Zhang Xu and Jiao Sui. Eight people are all fond of drinking and composing poems, and they are called "Eight Immortals in Wine". See Biography of Li Bai in the New Tang Dynasty. Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty wrote the Song of Eight Immortals in Drinking.
4. It refers to Liu An, the king of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty, the eight most famous guests, namely Su Fei, Lu Shang, Zuo Yuan, Tian You, Lei Bei, Mao Pi, Wu Bei and Jin Chang. According to legend, Liu An and eight people became immortals after taking the elixir. Therefore, later generations called these eight people "Eight Males" or "Eight Immortals".
The mythical novel "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea" borrows the five elements of the Eight Diagrams, and adopts the anthropomorphic method of
A collection of 15 photos of the Eight Immortals in Chinese painting:
Lv Dongbin belongs to the image of dry gold. Dry divination is pure yang, so it is called the ancestor of pure yang, and the sword used is also called pure yang sword.
Tie Guai Li belongs to the image of exchanging gold, with iron as its foot, iron as its gold, and its foot in its subordinate shade, indicating the image of soft gold, which is different from hard gold.
He Xiangu belongs to the image of Kuntu. She is the only female among the Eight Immortals, and she is soft soil.
Cao Guojiu belongs to the image of the earth. In the book, it is said that his brother's underground soul attached to him is evil and imprisoned his own soul underground. Underground is the place of soil, but it is just soil, because he finally defeated evil through a duel with evil spirits, which is the symbol of restoring his spirit and brightness.
Zhang Guolao belongs to the image of the earthquake wood, and it ranks due east. Because Zhang Guolao cut down the shuttle rafter tree in the Moon Palace, the tree was originally rigid, which was different from soft wood.
Lan Caihe belongs to the elephant of Xun wood, with bluegrass in his hand and soft wood in his herbs.
Han Xiangzi belongs to the elephant of water. There is a folk drought in the novel, and Han Xiangzi plays the flute and rains for the people.
Han Zhongli belongs to the image of leaving fire. Han Zhongli's temperament is fierce, and his treasure fan makes a fire, burning the Dragon Palace and so on.
It is said that the Eight Immortals represent men, women, the old, the young, the rich, the expensive, the poor and the cheap respectively. Because all the Eight Immortals are ordinary people, their personalities are close to those of the people, and they are very important representatives of the immortals in Taoism recently. Many places in China have the Eight Immortals Palace, and the Eight Immortals are also indispensable for meeting the gods. It is commonly known that the eight things held by the Eight Immortals, such as sandalwood boards, fans, crutches, flutes, swords, gourds, dusting and flower baskets, are "eight treasures", representing the products of the Eight Immortals. Among literary and artistic works, the Eight Immortals crossing the sea and offering their birthdays are the most famous. There is the Eight Immortals Palace (formerly known as Temple of the Eight Immortals) in Xi 'an today, and its main hall is the Eight Immortals Temple, where the Eight Immortals statue is enshrined.
Introduction to the Eight Immortals Tie Guai Li first talks about Tie Guai Li, and Tie Guai Li is the head of the Eight Immortals in folklore. Some books call him Li, whose name is Hongshui, and Tie Guai Li
A Brief History of Chinese Novels by Lu Xun says his name is Li, whose name is Xuan; Zhao Yi's "Yu Cong Kao" also said that his surname was Liu. It is said that he was a man between the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and the reign of Emperor Dali, and he studied Taoism in Zhongnanshan. Once the Yuan God came out of his shell, he never thought that his body would be eaten by tigers, so he had to devote himself to a lame beggar. According to A Mirror of Immortals in Past Dynasties, her handsome husband, who was good at Daoism, would lead to the derivation of Yuanshen magic and practice it in Dangshan rock cave. Once, at the request of Master Lao Zi, she went to Huashan thousands of miles away and returned a few days later, only to find that her body was burned by her disciples by mistake, and suddenly she saw a hungry nearby, and said with a brainwave, ". That is, from the hungry forehead, he turned into an ugly man with a hairy beard, a black face and huge eyes, and a lame right foot. It seems that he is a Taoist immortal who is passed down by word of mouth among the people and everything is attached.
Tales and legends
are also called Tie Guai Li. According to legend, the surname is Li, the name is Xuan, and they are also called Li Ningyang, Li Hongshui and Li Kongmu. It is said that he was originally very burly and handsome. Practice in Dangshan Cave. Because he agreed to attend the Huashan Fairy Meeting of the old gentleman, he told his disciples when he left that if Yuan Shen didn't return in seven days, Husk would be incinerated. So he left Husk and Yuan Shen traveled abroad. Unexpectedly, on the sixth day, someone from disciple's family reported that his mother was critically ill, so the disciples burned Husk. When the disciples came home, Li Tieguai's Yuan God returned soon, and there was nowhere to trust. Suddenly, I saw a human body starved to death in the forest, and then I entered from his forehead. After I stood up, I realized that I couldn't do it. I quickly poured out the elixir given by the old gentleman from the gourd. The gourd suddenly flashed golden light, reflecting an ugly image, with a dark face, unkempt head and huge eyes with tendrils. My right foot was still lame. I was surprised. Suddenly someone applauded behind me. Looking back, it was the old gentleman. In a hurry, I wanted to jump out of Yuan Shen. At this moment, the old gentleman stopped and said, "Tao is not about appearance. If you look like this, you will be a real fairy if you are full of kung fu." So he was given a golden hoop to hold back his hair and an iron crutch to help him limp. Li Tieguai often carries a gourd. It is said that it contains fairy medicine, which is specially used to cure diseases and save lives when it falls to earth.
Among the Eight Immortals, Zhong Liquan is second only to Tie Guai Li. He has a high position among the Eight Immortals, especially because of the praise of Taoists. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jin Zhendao was regarded as the "founder of Zhengyang". The prototype of his characters appeared in the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty. His deeds are recorded in books such as Chronicle of Xuanhe, Yi Jian Zhi, History of Song Dynasty, etc. It was only later that he was mistaken for the separation of Han Zhong and was attached to the Han Dynasty. Books such as A Mirror of Immortals in Past Dynasties and A General Examination of Continued Documents say that Zhong Liquan, whose compound surname is Zhong Li, is called Yun Fang Zi and Zhengyangzi. A native of Xianyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, his father Zhong Lizhang was a general in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his brother Zhong Lijian was a corps commander, who later became an immortal. In the Tang Dynasty, there was indeed a man named Zhong Liquan. His three quatrains were recorded in The Whole Tang Poetry, with a biography saying: "Xianyang people, when they met the old man, were given fairy tricks, and when they met Huayang real people, they went to Wang Xuanfu, the immortal, and preached into Kongtong Mountain. They were named Mr. Yunfang, and then they went to the immortal." His poems left in the world are entitled "Three Poems on Avoiding Chang 'an Wine Restaurant", including "Always take a pot of wine when sitting and lying down, and don't teach your eyes to know the imperial capital", "It's not easy to get the truth, and when you will return, you will be willing to follow it" and so on, and there is quite some "fairy flavor", so you should be a good man.
Tales and legends
His surname is Zhong Li, his name is Quan, his word is Yunfang, and his name is Zhengyangzi. Jingzhao Xianyang (now Shaanxi) is said to be from the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is very vivid about his birth. It is said that one day, a giant strode into his mother's inner room and loudly said, "I am Huang Shenshi in ancient times, and I will be a child-care worker here." Suddenly, I saw different lights burning like fire, and then Han Zhong was born. When he was born, he was as big as a 3-year-old child. He was born with a lucky face, a round forehead, thick ears and long eyebrows, a big mouth and cheeks, a long lips and round arms. What is even more strange is that he is silent day and night, does not cry or eat. Until the seventh day, he suddenly said a word: "I am traveling in Zifu, and my book is Yujing." This sentence alarmed his parents. Because Zifu and Yujing are the Miyagi of the Jade Emperor in the sky, they thought he was reincarnated as a fairy, and their parents wanted him to grow up and take more power, so they named him "Quan". It is said that when Zhong Li grew up, he served as a doctor of advice in the imperial court, and was later called to go to Tibet, defeated, and lived in seclusion in Zhongnanshan. When I met Wang Xuanfu, the Emperor of Donghua, I got the true formula of longevity, then the fire and the dragon swordsmanship. Later, I met a real person in Huayang, and taught him the way of Taiyi Jiugui, Huofu Jindan, and Dongxiao Xuanxuan. Finally, he got the secret of the jade box in the Forbidden Four-Hao Peak in Kongtong Mountain and became an immortal. Legend has it that he transformed Lv Dongbin in the Tang Dynasty and was one of the five northern ancestors of Taoism. His image is often bare-chested, palm-fanned, with big eyes, a red face, and two bun tied on his head. He is an idle man.
Zhang Guolao
Zhang Guolao, an elderly immortal among the Eight Immortals, was named "Zhang Guo". Because he was the oldest among the Eight Immortals, people respectfully called him "Zhang Guolao". In history, there was a man named Zhang Guo, and the old and new Tang Books were rumored. When Wu Zetian lived in seclusion in Zhongtiaoshan, everyone called him immortal. He claimed to be hundreds of years old. In the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Wei Ji, the secretariat of Hengzhou, played his anecdote to the emperor. Xuanzong called him, and Zhang Guo pretended to be dead again. It took him a long time to wake up, so the messenger did not dare to advance. Xuanzong heard about it and sent Xu Jiao to invite him again. Zhang Guo had to go to Beijing. It is said that Tang Xuanzong was suspicious of his rumors. He once asked Xing Hepu, who was good at calculating the good and evil of premature death, to tell Zhang's fortune. Xing was ignorant of Zhang's jiazi, and a Taoist teacher was good at seeing ghosts. Xuanzong told him to see Zhang Guo, but he asked, "Where is Zhang Guo?" I cann't see it across the street According to historical records, Zhang Guo is just an old charlatan with some guilty conscience. Otherwise, why not play dead several times to avoid being drafted? At best, it's just illusion. Therefore, the fairy tales about him are all made up by Taoism by virtue of folk rumors and exaggeration for the purpose of propaganda. "Tai Ping Guang Ji" also records that Zhang Guolao claimed to be a Yao Emperor. When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked the warlock "Ye Fashan" Zhang about his origin, Ye Fashan said, "I dare not say it, but I will die if I say it." After saying: "Zhang Guo is a white bat essence at the beginning of chaos." He fell to the ground and died. After Xuanzong interceded, Zhang Guo saved him.
Tales and legends
According to historical records, it was a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty. This man was good at magic and often lived in seclusion in Zhongtiaoshan, Hengzhou, traveling between Fen and Jin. According to folklore, he lived for hundreds of years, so people respectfully called him Zhang Guolao. It is said that when Emperor Taizong and Tang Gaozong knew about it, they sent messengers to summon him to the palace, but he didn't want to go. In the period of Wu Zetian, he had to be called out of the mountain and pretended to die halfway. In the period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzong sent messengers to finally invite him to the palace, and named him "Dr. Yin Qingguang Lu" and "Mr. Tong Xuan". Later, Xuanzong was ready to betrothed his daughter to him. He sang, "The daughter-in-law is fair, and the public office is born on the ground. People are gratifying, but I am awesome." In the end, I didn't agree to this marriage. I resigned and returned to the mountain. I walked halfway and died in Puwu County, Hengshan Mountain. Disciple said that he became immortal, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the establishment of Qixia Temple in the local area as a sacrifice. According to folklore, he often carries a Taoist sentiment tube, rides a white donkey upside down, travels around the world, sings Taoist sentiments and persuades people. Later, the famous folk saying "riding a donkey and reading a songbook" came from this. The white donkey on which he rode traveled in Wan Li every day, folded like paper at night and put it in a box. When riding during the day, spray it with water in your mouth, and it will be restored to a day donkey. Later generations wrote a poem: "How many people in the world are like this old man. Not riding an ass backwards, everything looks back. " Zhang Guolao's story tells us that when we do anything, we should try our best to think comprehensively, and we should not just look ahead and look back.
Lv Dongbin
Among the Eight Immortals, Lv Dongbin has the most stories. In Taoism, Quanzhen Taoism regards him as "the founder of Chunyang", also known as "Lv Zu". Traditionally, most researchers believe that Lv Dongbin's surname is Lv Mingyan, and he was born in the late Tang Dynasty. His poems are collected in Jin Tang Poems and Ci Synopsis. In Song Dynasty, Luo Dajing's "He Lin Yu Lu", Hong Mai's "Yi Jian Zhi" and "Ji Xian Zhuan" all recorded it. It is said that he was a native of Jingzhao (now Shaanxi and Xi 'an), and Tang Xiantong was in the middle of the country. He served as a county magistrate twice. It is said that he is a native of Jiujiang, originally an imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty, surnamed Li, but he changed his surname to Lu to avoid the disaster of Wu Hou. He started out as Shao Guang, who had been in the imperial examination field for more than 2 years, so he went on a tour around the world and was enlightened by Zhong Liquan. He is one of the Eight Immortals with the strongest human feelings. He is handsome and funny, and he is good at eliminating violence and evil spirits for the people. He is also good at drinking and lusting. There is a legend of "Lu Dongbin's Three Plays of Bai Mudan" circulating in the world. His legends are numerous and miscellaneous, but we can also see that he was originally a scholar who longed for Taoism in the Tang Dynasty and was later deified as an immortal. Up to now, the Lvzu Temple in Yuanjiashan, built by Yuan Keli, a senior minister of the Ming Ministry of War, is still preserved in Sui County, Henan Province.
stories and legends
Lv Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals of Taoism. The famous rock, the word Dong Bin, has its own name "Chunyangzi". Tang Jingzhao House (now Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province) was born. He was awarded a county magistrate by Jinshi. When his mother was going to give birth to him, the house smelled strange, and the air was full of Yue Xian. A white crane descended from the sky, flew into his mother's account and disappeared. Lv Dongbin, who was born, was really distinguished. He was clever since he was a child, kept a diary full of words, and read it aloud. When he grew up, he was "eight feet and two inches long, wearing a Huayang towel, wearing a yellow cedar, wearing a soap cymbal, looking like a Zhang Zifang, and never married for twenty." When he was in infancy, Mazu saw it and said, "This son has an extraordinary bone, and he is from the city. When he meets Lu, he lives in the house, and when he sees the clock, he buckles it. Pay attention to it. "Later, Lv Dongbin visited Lushan Mountain, met a real dragon, and taught Tiandun Jianfa. At the age of sixty-four, I visited Chang 'an, where I met a feather scholar in a white robe, writing poems on the wall. Lv Dongbin saw that he was quaint and poetic, and asked his name. Yu Shi said, "I'm Mr. Yunfang. Living in Heling, Zhongnanshan, do you want to go with me? "Lv Dongbin didn't agree. This Mr. Yunfang is "Zhong Liquan". In the evening, Zhong Liquan and Lv Dongbin stayed in the pub together. Mr. Yunfang cooked for him alone, when Lv Dongbin fell asleep. He dreamed that he was the top scholar, proud of officialdom, full of children and grandchildren, and extremely glorious. Suddenly, he was convicted of a felony, his family property was confiscated, and his wife and children were separated. When he was old, he knew all about it. He was poor and down, standing alone in the snow and trembling, and he was about to sigh. Suddenly, Zhong Liquan's meal was not ripe, so Zhong Liquan wrote a poem, "Huang Liang is not ripe yet, and he dreamed of Chinese cuisine." "Lv Dongbin exclaimed," Do you know my dream? "Zhong Liquan said," The dream you just had was full of ups and downs, with thousands of honors and sorrows. Fifty years old is like a flash! What you get is not worth rejoicing, and what you lose is not worth mourning. Life is like a dream. "So Lv Dongbin made up his mind to learn Taoism from Zhong Liquan, and after the test of" Ten Tests ",Zhong Liquan granted him Taoism. Lv Dongbin has the Daoism and the Sword-dodging Technique, which can kill demons and harm the people for the benefit. Lv Dongbin is regarded as one of the five northern ancestors (Wang Xuanfu, Zhong Liquan, Lv Dongbin, Liu Cao and Wang Zhongyang) by Quanzhen religion, and is known as the founder of Lv Zu and Chunyang in the world.
He Xiangu
He Xiangu is the only woman among the Eight Immortals, and there are different opinions about her life experience. She was from the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of Song Dynasty, Guang Yi Ji was quoted by Tai Ping Guang Ji as "He Erniang". She was a peasant woman who knitted shoes. Later, because her home was too stuffy, she swam in Luofu Mountain, stayed in a mountain temple and often collected mountain fruits for monks to eat in. Once, a monk from Xunzhou Mountain Temple, 4 miles away, came to Luofu Mountain Temple and said that a fairy had gone to there to pick bayberry fruit one day. It was verified that that day was the day when Ernian picked the fruit. In addition, everyone did not know where Ernian picked these many mountain fruits, so she thought that Ernian was the fairy who picked the fruit in Xunzhou Mountain Temple. Since then, Ernian has become famous far and wide, and she no longer lives in the mountain temple. "Continuation Examination" said that He Xiangu was a native of Zengcheng County, Guangdong Province when Tang Wuze was born. When he was born, there were six bright lights on his head, and he was born with a "fairy family". At the age of thirteen, he met a Taoist in the mountains and ate a peach. From then on, he was neither hungry nor thirsty, and he was as light as a fly, and he could foresee the fortunes of life. Later, she was called to Beijing and left on the way. She was from the Song Dynasty. Some scholars' notes in the Song Dynasty often refer to her as a native of Yongzhou (Lingling) in the Northern Song Dynasty. Some people say that she met strangers when she was young, and she was immortalized by eating peaches. Have called her.