"The Story of Little Rock Pond" narrates the entire process of the author's visit, describes the scenery of "Little Rock Pond" in beautiful language, and implicitly expresses the sad and miserable feelings that the author could not resolve after being demoted. Lyrically, this article tends to be dense and colorful, with strong emotions, either recalling the present or recalling the past, or feeling sad about the past, worrying about home and country, or missing family members and nostalgia. It has impressed generations of readers with its strong artistic appeal. When watching fish, it is written that the fish "seem to enjoy themselves with the tourists", which also reflects the author's joyful feelings at the beginning of appreciating the beautiful scenery. After watching the fish, sitting on the pool, I felt that the scenery was "desolate and chilling, quiet and profound", which is also a reflection of the author's depression and sadness. The article reads "Happiness". Hearing the sound of running water "like a ring" makes him "happy"; seeing the fish "coming and going" makes him feel "like enjoying himself with the swimmers". But the good times did not last long, and soon I felt these "green trees and green vines" and "cold bones", and felt in my heart that "the environment was too pure", so I left in a hurry. The joy and sorrow are thought-provoking. This is because Liu Zongyuan participated in the reform, failed and was demoted, and he was very angry. Therefore, misery was the keynote of his emotions, and he devoted himself to landscapes to get rid of this depressed mood; but this kind of "joy" is temporary after all. Triggered by the desolate environment, sadness and desolate mood will be revealed.
Writing background
Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou Sima by the emperor for supporting Wang Shuwen's reforms in the first year of Yongzhen reign of Emperor Shunzong of Tang Dynasty (805 AD), and Wang Shuwen was killed. Political frustration led him to place his affection on mountains and rivers, and through detailed descriptions of scenery, he expressed his sad and miserable thoughts and feelings that he could not dispatch after being demoted, and became a model for later generations to write landscape travel notes. During this period, he wrote eight famous landscape travel notes, later known as "Eight Notes of Yongzhou". In the first article "Shide Xishan Banquet Travel Notes", the author described his mood at that time: "I have been killing people since I was born, and I live in this state, and I am always worried about Li."
After Liu Zongyuan was demoted, in order to resolve his inner feelings Feeling sad and desolate, I often avoid faraway places, cut bamboos to take roads, and explore mountains and rivers. Fortunately, the nature of Yongzhou treated him well. There were many strange and strange pools, hills, stone canals, and mountain streams, which were so beautiful. "The Story of Xiaoshitan" and "The Story of Shide Xishan Banquet", "The Story of Cobalt Pond", "The Story of Cobalt Lake West Xiaoqiu", "The Story of Xiaoshitan West of Xiaoqiu", "The Story of Yuan Family's Thirst", "The Story of Shiqu" ", "The Story of Shijian" and "The Story of Xiaoshicheng Mountain" are collectively known as the Eight Records of Yongzhou
Original text
Walking west from Xiaoqiu a hundred and twenty paces, across the bamboo poles, we heard the news The sound of water is like the sound of a pendant ring, which makes my heart happy. After cutting bamboo, we took the road and saw a small pool at the bottom. The water was especially clear and clear. The whole stone is considered to be the bottom, and when it is near the shore, the stone is rolled up and exposed out, which is called chí, yǔ, kān, or rock. The green trees and vines are swaying, and the ginseng (cēn) difference (cī) is draped.
There are hundreds of fish in the pond, but they all seem to be swimming in the air and have nothing to rely on. The sun is shining clearly, and the shadows are spread on the rocks, but they are still motionless; they are far away, and they come and go suddenly. It seems to be enjoying itself with tourists.
Looking southwest of the pond, you can see the twists and turns of snakes, and you can see the light and death. The situation on the shore is so different that the source of it is unknown.
Sitting on the pool, surrounded by bamboo trees, it was so lonely and desolate that no one was around, it was so desolate that my soul was bone-chilling, quiet and desolate. Because the place was too clear to live in for a long time, I remembered it and left.
The fellow travelers were Wu Wuling, Gong (gōng) Gu, and Yu’s younger brother Zongxuan. Li (lì) and those who follow, Cui's Erxiaosheng: said to forgive oneself, said to serve one.
Introduction to the author
Liu Zongyuan (773-819), also known as Zihou, was known as "Liu Hedong" in the world. Because he died as the governor of Liuzhou, he was also called "Liu Liuzhou". The Tang Dynasty writers, philosophers, essayists and thinkers, together with Han Yu, initiated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and were called "Han Liu". Liu Yuxi was also called "Liu Liu" with him. Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, and Wei Yingwu are also called "Wang Meng Wei Liu". He is one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, including Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Che, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong in the Song Dynasty. His ancestral home is Hedong (now Yongji City, Shanxi Province). Han nationality. Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty was born in Chang'an, Kyoto (today's Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) in the eighth year of Dali (773).
Liu Zongyuan was born in an official family. He had few talents and great ambitions. In his early years, he was admitted to Jinshi, and his writing skills were based on eloquent words. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he became a Jinshi. In the fourteenth year, he was admitted to the Bo Xue Hong Ci Department and was awarded the Zhengzi of Jixian Dian. He was once a captain of Lantian, and later became an official in the court. He actively participated in the political reform of Wang Shuwen Group and became a member of the Ministry of Rites, Wai Lang.
In September of the first year of Yongzhen (805), the reform failed and he was demoted to the governor of Shaozhou. In November, Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Sima of Yongzhou (his current location is Lingling District, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province). He wrote many landscape travel notes, among which "Xiao Shi" Eight chapters including "The Story of the Lake" and "The Story of the Cobalt Lake" are recognized as masterpieces among landscape travel notes, collectively known as the "Eight Notes of Yongzhou". He returned to the capital in the spring, and became the governor of Liuzhou (so it was called Liuliuzhou), with outstanding political achievements. Xianzong died in Liuzhou on the eighth day of November in the fourteenth year of Yuanhe (November 28, 819). He had many contacts, and Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi were both his good friends.
Liu Zongyuan wrote more than 600 poems and essays in his lifetime, and his achievements in writing were greater than those in poetry. There are nearly a hundred pieces of parallel prose. The prose is strong in argumentation, sharp in writing, pungent in sarcasm, and full of combativeness. The travel notes describe the scenery, and many people rely on it. His philosophical works include "Tian Shuo", "Tian Shi", "Feudal Theory", etc. Liu Zongyuan's works were preserved and compiled into collections by Liu Yuxi in the Tang Dynasty. There is "Liuhe East Collection".
1. Huang (huáng) bamboo: a forest of bamboo.
2. Ruming Peihuan: It is like the sound made by the jade pendants and jade rings worn by people touching each other. Jade pendant and jade ring are jade ornaments tied around the waist.
3. Qinglu: clear.
4. The whole stone is the bottom: (Tan) uses the whole stone as the bottom. To: become; act.
5. Nearshore: a place close to the shore.
6. Roll up the bottom of the stone to come out: Some parts of the bottom of the stone are rolled over to expose the water.
7. Weidi, yu, 偁, and rock: it becomes di, yu, 偁, rock and other different shapes.
8. Di, high ground in the water.
9. Islet, island.
10. Uneven rocks.
11. Green trees and green vines, swaying and swaying: green trees and green vines, covering, entwining, shaking, connecting, uneven, and drifting in the wind.
12. Kebai Xutou: There are about a hundred of them. May: Approximately. Xu: up and down, indicating an uncertain number, left and right.
13. They all seem to be swimming in the air with nothing to rely on (like there is no water).
14. The sunlight shines brightly, and the shadow is spread on the stone: The sunlight shines directly to the bottom of the water, and the shadow of the fish is reflected on the stone. Cloth: Reflection. Toru: pass through, pass through.
15. Still motionless: (fish shadow) motionless. Wei Ran, looking stunned.
16. Chu Er passed away: suddenly he swam away into the distance. Chuer, suddenly.
17. Xihu: light and agile.
18. The twists and turns of snakes can be seen: twisting and turning like the Big Dipper, twisting like crawling snakes, flickering on and off, appearing for a while, disappearing for a while, and can be vaguely seen. Dipper, (noun as an adverbial) like the Big Dipper. Snake, (noun as an adverbial) crawls like a snake.
19. Canine teeth: (canine teeth, noun as adverbial) interlocking with each other like a dog's teeth.
20. Desolate and chilling, melancholy and deep: I feel desolate, bone-chilling, extremely quiet and profound. Quietly melancholy, so silent that it makes people feel sad. Profound, deep.
21. Because its environment is too clear. Qing: desolate, desolate.
22. Residence: stay, and: Dai Xiaoshitan’s scenery
23. Followers: people who come with us. Li: follower. And: the tables are parallel. From: follow, verb.
24. 小生: young people.
Translation
Walking a hundred and twenty paces west from the hill, you can hear the sound of water, like jade pendants and jade rings clinking against each other through a bamboo grove. My heart is happy with this (sound). Cut down the bamboo and create a path. Walking down, you can see a small pool with particularly clear water. The whole stone serves as the bottom of the pool. Close to the shore, some parts of the stone bottom are rolled up above the water, forming various shapes such as highlands, small islands, uneven rocks, and weird-shaped rocks in the water. Green trees and green vines cover, twine, sway, connect, are uneven, and drift in the wind.
There are about a hundred fish in the pond, and they all seem to be floating in the air, without support.
The sun shone directly down into the bottom of the pool, and the fish's shadow was reflected on the stone. It stood motionless; suddenly it swam away again. They come and go briskly and quickly, as if they are amusing each other with the tourists.
Looking to the southwest of the pool, (the river) is as winding as the Big Dipper, and as curved as a snake crawling, flickering, appearing and disappearing, and can be vaguely seen. The situation on both sides of the Taiwan Strait is intertwined like a dog's teeth, and its source cannot be seen.
I sat on ShiTan glanced bamboo trees, surrounded by trees, silent and no one else, I feel mind and desolate, bloom fragrantly to my bones. The environment is quiet and deep, filled with an atmosphere of sadness. Since this place was too deserted to stay for a long time, I wrote down the scene and left.
The people traveling with me include Wu Wuling, Gong Gu, and my younger brother Zongxuan. As our entourage, there were two young men named Cui: one named Shuji and the other named Fengyi.
Appreciation
Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes have a unique position in the history of Chinese literature. The most famous among them are "The Journey to Xishan Banquet in Shide", "The Story of Cobalt Lake", "The Story of West Xiaoqiu of Cobalt Lake", "The Story of Xiaoshitan West of Xiaoqiu" and "The Story of Yuan Family's Thirst" written after he was demoted to Yongzhou. "The Story of Shiqu", "The Story of Stone Stream" and "The Story of Xiaoshicheng Mountain" are collectively called "Eight Notes of Yongzhou". These works show the beautiful landscapes at the turn of Hunan and Guangxi in a gallery style, inheriting and developing the tradition of Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu". "Shui Jing Zhu" is a geography book, with more objective descriptions of scenery and less expression of subjective emotions. Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes integrate his life experience, thoughts and feelings into the description of natural scenery, and put the author himself into the picture. He uses the beautiful scenery abandoned in remote areas to express his misfortunes and pour out his resentment and depression. . This article is the fourth chapter in Liu Zongyuan's "Eight Notes of Yongzhou". It maintains the consistent writing style of "Eight Notes of Yongzhou", with meticulous observation and detailed description. Show its appearance and convey its spirit. The article first writes about the scenery seen, then uses a close-up shot to describe the swimming fish and the pond water, and then writes about the scenery on the pond and my own feelings, describing the deep and lonely scenery and atmosphere of the small stone pond and its surroundings.
In addition, the author also conveys his lonely and desolate mood in the relegated life in the description of the scene. It is a masterpiece that blends scenes. The full text is lonely, quiet, and melancholy. It looks like a description of scenery, but in fact it is a description of the heart. Although the article only describes the fish swimming in the pond in a few sentences, it extremely accurately describes the clearness of the pond water and the physical and mental posture of the swimming fish. In addition, the writing style of the article about the fish swimming in the pond is excellent. There is no mention of water. It only says that the fish "swim in the air and has nothing to rely on". The clarity of the water and the vividness of the fish are all in their own way, and the artistic conception is profound. , which is amazing. Appreciation of "The Story of Little Rock Pond" (Cheng Zeng) Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes are the part of his prose creation that has a high degree of artistic skill and is the most artistically original. Among his few landscape travel notes, "Little Rock Pond" can be said to be a very representative work. "The Story of Xiaoshitan" is one of the "Eight Notes of Yongzhou". This prose vividly describes the beauty and tranquility of Xiaoshitan's environment and expresses the author's loneliness after being demoted and frustrated. The language is concise and vivid, the scenery is described delicately and realistically, and the whole article is full of poetry and painting, showing the author's outstanding writing skills. Therefore, it has become a famous prose piece that has been passed down through the ages. This travel note can be divided into five paragraphs. In the first paragraph, the author uses the technique of "changing shapes step by step" to guide us to appreciate various different scenery during the movement and transformation, which has a strong sense of dynamic picture. "We walked a hundred and twenty steps west of the hill, across the bamboos, and heard the sound of water, like a ring, and felt happy."
The beginning of the article guides people to walk a hundred and twenty steps to the west of the hill. Twenty steps. When we came to a bamboo forest, we could hear the sound of water flowing through the bamboo forest. "Huangzhu" refers to the bamboos that form a forest; "Ruming Peihuan" describes the clear and sweet sound of running water, just like the sound made when jade pendants and jade rings collide with each other. The article is composed of scenes and emotions, and is written very naturally. "Take a road to cut bamboo, and you will see a small pool at the bottom." In the dense bamboo forest, a trail was cut, and finally a small pool was seen. At this point, the entire face of Xiaoshitan is revealed to people. This journey from the hill to the bamboos, from the bamboos to the sound of water, and then to the small pool from the sound of water not only tells the story of the discovery of the small pool, but is also full of suspense and curiosity. A wonderful picture unfolds before people's eyes. From then on, the author focused on the careful description of the pool.
"The water is particularly clear. The bottom is made of stone. If you roll up the stone bottom near the shore, you will find a dip, an islet, and a rock." The water in the small stone pool is particularly cool, and the entire small pool is made of stone. The whole bottom of the pool is a big stone. Near the bank of the pool, the stone on the bottom of the water rolls out of the water. These stones come in all shapes and forms.
"Di" refers to the high ground in the water; "Yu" refers to the small island; "" and "Yan" are all various forms of rocks. In short, this is a pool surrounded by stones of various shapes, so the author named it Xiaoshitan. "Green trees and green vines, swaying and swaying, scattered and scattered." This is the author's description of the scenery on the pool. There are green trees and green vines, which are intertwined to form a green network, dotted around the small pool, and the uneven branches sway in the wind. The description on this pool only contains 12 characters, which shows the extremely quiet and beautiful scenery around Xiaoshitan in front of people, making us more aware of the beauty of Xiaotan. In the second paragraph, the author describes the pool and swimming fish. In this paragraph, the author uses a different technique from the first paragraph, changing from "moving and changing form" to "fixed-point close-up". This is an extremely exciting paragraph in the whole article. Especially the description of fish swimming in the water is even more lifelike. "There are hundreds of fish in the pond, and they all seem to be swimming in the sky with no support. The sun is shining brightly, and the shadows are spread on the rocks, but they don't move; they are far away, coming and going. They seem to be enjoying themselves with the tourists." This is a very beautiful picture. Beautiful picture. The fish swimming in the water don't seem to be in the water, but like they are swimming in the air. When the sun shines down, the shadow of the fish falls on the rocks at the bottom of the pool. Literally, the author is writing about fish, but through the literal meaning, we cannot help but be deeply impressed by the clear water. This writing method of swimming fish and pond water reflecting each other has achieved a very good artistic effect. Below, the author further describes the fish.
At first, the fish remained motionless. Suddenly, some fish quickly scurried away, swimming here and there again, as if they were enjoying the happiness with the tourists. After reading this, people can't help but think of the author's joyful mood from the swimming fish. This writing method of moving from emotion to scene and from scene to emotion is a prominent feature of this prose. The third section explores the water source of Xiaoshitan and the scenery on the pool. "Looking to the southwest of the pond, you can see the twists and turns of snakes, and they can be seen bright and dark. The shape of its shores is different from each other, and its source is unknown." Looking to the southwest, a small stream is meandering, with a shape like the twists and turns of the Big Dipper, and also like a stream. The snake is swimming, some places are bright and some places are dark. The two sides of the creek are high and low, uneven and staggered. Here, the author very successfully uses metaphors, using the twists and turns of the Big Dipper and the crawling of snakes to describe the shape of the creek, and using the teeth of dogs to describe the two sides of the creek, making us feel more realistic. "The source is unknown" gives readers a feeling of confusion. The fourth paragraph describes the author's impression and feelings about Xiaoshitan. "Sitting on the pool, surrounded by bamboo trees on all sides, it was so lonely and desolate that I felt so miserable that I couldn't stay there for a long time, so I just left." Sitting on a small stone pool, surrounded by dense trees The dense bamboos and trees are very quiet, and there are no people in sight. It makes people look desolate, chill to the bones, and feel sad and desolate mentally. Because its situation was too secluded and unsuitable for people to stay for a long time, they left after writing the inscription. In this paragraph, the author prominently wrote the word "quiet", and penetrated the quietness of the environment into his mind. The scenes blended together, and he wrote a miserable and lonely state of mind. This is undoubtedly a tortuous reflection of the author's mood after being demoted.
The last paragraph, "Traveling companions: Wu Wuling, Gong Gu, Yu Di Zongxuan. Those who followed: Cui's Erxiaosheng, said to forgive oneself, said to serve one." Note down the same as the author. People visiting Xiaoshitan. "The Story of Little Rock Pond" is an excellent landscape travel note with exquisite language, rich meaning and vivid images. It shows the author's profound observation and unique experience of things, as well as the author's profound artistic skills. The meticulous techniques and clever, vivid metaphors used in the article to describe the scenery are worthy of our reference. (Selected from "Dictionary of Appreciation of Ancient Prose", 1987 edition by Rural Reading Publishing House) Appreciation of "The Story of Xiaoshitan" (Fan Peisong) "The Story of Xiaoshitan in the West of Xiaoqiu" is the fourth of the "Eight Stories of Yongzhou". This prose is about a little-known little Shitan. This small stone pool cannot be called a beautiful scenery, let alone a scenic spot. It is just a small pool next to an unknown hill. The author's writing of this small stone pond is the best proof that he has not been tainted by the bad habit of aestheticism in displaying beautiful scenery. Judging from the value of this selection of materials, it is also of great reference significance for our current travel writing.
Although Xiaoshitan is not well-known, it still took a little trouble to see it: I saw the bamboo bushes and heard the sound of water, but there was no sign of Xiaoshitan. Although the appearance of the small stone pool cannot be called a thousand calls, it can still be said to be as wonderful as holding a pipa and half covering the face. It was only when we were "cutting bamboo to take the road" that we saw the small stone pond. It is really a winding path leading to a quiet place, and the scenery is truly extraordinary. This "extraordinary" appears in the form of "strange". The strange thing is that the bottom of the pool is "all stone", and the stones exposed in the pool are all in such strange postures, "they are di, they are islands, they are, they are "Rock", coupled with the coverage of ancient trees and green vines, make the panoramic view of Xiaoshitan full of tranquility, as if it is not a small world on earth, but a piece of pure land in the legendary Buddhist kingdom.
Then, the pen moves from static to moving, and writes about the small fish in the pond. This is the best part of this article. The fish in this pond are also extremely weird: first, there are countless fish, with about "hundred heads"; second, their "shadows are spread on the rocks", and their expressions are "still and still". This is a continuation of stillness, which not only highlights the tranquility of the small stone pool, but also outlines the clarity of the water in the small stone pool. This turned into writing. In fact, the foreshadowing has already been made when writing about tranquility. The fish in the water cannot stay still. The stillness of the fish is just like the freeze frame in the movie is just a display of a certain moment. After this freeze-frame, we can see that the fish in the pond "disappear far away, coming and going, seeming to be enjoying themselves with the tourists." Fish is so humane, which touched the author's feelings. Here, the word "乐" is worth noting. Due to the setback of the reform, the author was demoted to a distant place. His mental burden was heavy and he was in extreme trouble and depression. Why can we be "happy"? It's because I left the troubled officialdom, a place of right and wrong, and found such a quiet place here. Seeing the fish swimming in contentment, my soul was purified and restored. The clarity of the water and the joy of the fish finally brought a moment of joy to this broken-hearted essayist. Quiet Kagura is the main theme of the first half of this essay. The reality is grim. In this environment "surrounded by bamboo trees, lonely, desolate, and soul-crushing," the author felt that "the environment is too pure to live in for a long time."
After all, happiness is temporary, but sadness is eternal. Facing this primitive melancholy scene, it may make the author feel more uncomfortable, or it may arouse the author's desolate associations, thus forming a substantial decline in emotion from "joyful" to "sad". The symptoms of this landslide are also immediate. I feel that this place cannot be stayed for a long time and I leave quickly. I feel desolate, cold and creepy. This prose has always been praised as a masterpiece. The reason why it can become a masterpiece can be summarized as follows: first, the author dares to choose the unknown small stone pool among the piles of rocks as the object of the travel notes, which shows that the author has extraordinary artistic courage; second, the author is writing about the scenery of the small stone pool He is able to freely integrate his own feelings at all times, and the scenery changes with the mood, naturally forming a sad artistic realm. This is a manifestation of the author's superb artistic wisdom and artistic skills. Admittedly, in the final analysis, there is still one thing. For a person like the author, he happened to encounter such a piece of pure land, hit it off and became one. It was really a blessing from God and a blessing from the scenery.