according to the genealogy of Sasaki, in the first year of Jianwen in the Ming dynasty (1399), he moved from Shaanxi to Sasaki in Hezhou, and lived in Xiangshuigou, Daximen. He was the first ancestor of Sasaki's family and Hezhou, more than 6 years ago. The distant ancestor of Sa's surname originally lived in the Western Regions as a Uighur. He was named Mao Wang and lived in Guanzhong for his contribution to the rebellion of the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, Sasaki ancestral hall was named "Maoyingtang". Sa's family is the most popular name among the Hui people, living in Hehe, flourishing, taking Hezhou as their homeland, with a growing population, living in a foreign land, even as far as the southwest. People with surnames everywhere are rooted in Hezhou, because it has been the source of surnames for hundreds of years.
1. Looking for the legacy to make up for the regret and comfort the neighbors
"Where did the guests come from? Sa Beining" was filmed in Hexian County for three days. The program group collected a wide range of materials, carefully made panels, and specially interviewed a number of elderly people of Saskatchewan. However, the feature film broadcast began with the flight to the mosque on Minquan Road in Wuhan, and it was recalled in only one sentence: "My family was originally from Hexian County, Anhui Province, which is separated from Nanjing by a river." It is inevitable that the expectations of the folks in Hexian County will be disappointed. As a descendant who loves literary creation and the Saskatchewan family, he decided to integrate various materials, write articles, and save history to express his love for his hometown in Hezhou and make up for the regrets of his relatives and neighbors.
When approaching the Saskatchewan family, we should first remember eight words: "Harmony, peace, adaptability, world, loyalty, generosity, communication and family." This is not only the word used by the Saskatchewan family for generations, but also the ancestral training rules passed down by blood. The Sa family has always remembered the simple concept of "peace and faithfulness", and made couplets and put them on the door every Spring Festival, taking it as the moral standard of dealing with people, self-cultivation and family harmony.
Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Sasaki family has been engaged in handicrafts and businesses related to their own living habits in Hezhou. Such as cattle slaughter, leather workshops, candle workshops, mills, oil mills, as well as industries such as artisans, blacksmiths, restaurants and groceries, are all small in scale and concentrated in residential areas of the county, especially in the most prosperous small market area. Businessmen often follow the business. In order to make a living, family branches also set up shops in Hanshan, Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou and Shanghai, and Saskatchewan's family spread outward.
Family history is always closely linked with national destiny, and the Japanese invasion of China has brought profound disasters to the Saskatchewan family. In December 1937, the Japanese army occupied Nanjing, the capital, and there were frequent Japanese planes flying to the county separated by a river for reconnaissance. On March 18 of the following year, three Japanese planes bombed the county indiscriminately. History left us with the following pictures:
Japanese planes dropped bombs from high altitude, while carrying out bombing missions, they also took aerial photos and got a bird's-eye view of clusters of smoke in the state city. This is an old photo dug out from the historical archives. Through the dust of the years, the clusters of smoke suffocate people and awaken the pain that happened yesterday. I seem to vaguely hear the roar of enemy planes and the grimace of the devil from the air.
On the ground, the East and West Streets in Hecheng were in a sea of fire. After three days and nights of burning, there were still embers, and hundreds of shops and houses were burned out, including a three-story grocery store and a two-story building. SaFuQing (ZhengGang), the owner of Sawancheng grocery store, is an old man who is nearly eighty years old. With tears of hatred, he clung to the charred house column and refused to leave. His nephew dived into the blazing fire and risked his life to rescue the old man (see page 14 of My Humble Doctor's Writing by Wang Yao). SaFuQing old man grief and indignation, urgent fire attack the heart, suddenly crazy. After the fall of Hezhou, a small group of Japanese troops were stationed in his house. The weather was cold, and the ghost soldiers removed the tables, chairs, doors and windows to keep warm. The old man Safuqing, who was extremely resentful, took advantage of the Japanese army's surprise and poured a pot of boiling water on the little devil. After that, he fled from Hezhou and hid in Maweiyi, the granddaughter-in-law of Quanjiao Guhe who worked as a clerk in the Kuomintang army.
The war destroyed their homes, and the common people set foot on the road to escape from the war. Sa Beining's great-grandfather, SaPingHou, took a family of 23 people and joined the crowded and chaotic crowd. Leaving the county, along the humble dirt road between the county towns, supporting the old and taking care of the young, dragging children and taking care of their children, getting up early and getting dark, and trudging more than 1, miles in more than a month, passing through Wuwei, Lujiang, Tongcheng, Buried Hill, Taihu Lake, Huangmei and Huanggang counties, and finally reaching Hankou, three children died on the way. (See "The Road Map of Sa Family's Escape (1938)") The family suffered a lot along the way, which is the epitome of our entire national disaster at that time. According to the old man's memory, those who had money ran in Wuhan, Sichuan and Chongqing. Those who have no money go to the countryside and hide in the surrounding mountains and countryside. There are many people fleeing from Sa's family, not just the Sa Ping Hou's family. Ying Chang, the third son of Sa Fu Qing's family, took two relatives, Sa and Yu, from Nanjing to Chongqing, then to Chengdu, Guangyuan and Baoji, and finally to Xi 'an. My aunt once recalled to me: "My grandmother (named Yu Suzhen, the wife of Sa Yingchang) and my aunt (named Samulan, then 5 years old) also ran with people in the direction of Wuhan and Sichuan. Aunt Mulan said that at that time, porters were invited to help carry the luggage, and at one end, her 5-year-old aunt was sitting. After they ran to Qianfo Mountain in Sichuan, some people said that they could not run, and it would be dangerous to run again. So I went back to Wuhan, and the mosque took them in for a while. The family finally went to Xi' an and came to grandpa Sayingchang. Grandpa worked as an accountant in the Northwest Highway Bureau, and the Northwest Highway Bureau was under the control of the Northwest Army. "
Second, Saskatchewan's entrepreneurship is also beautiful
Sa Beining once bluntly said in an interview: "Where a person comes from is one of the ultimate problems, and family has always been an important concept in China. My family thinks it is the most qualified thing for me to do this ... My family once said that you should spend some time to learn some stories at home ... Otherwise, it will be more difficult for the next generation of children. "
"It's a long time to start a business, and it's destroyed once." The Japanese bombing destroyed the family businesses of several generations, so the story of family business is worth tracing back. The late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China were the most prosperous period in the history of Hezhou, because it was adjacent to Nanjing and was the seat of the state capital, which governed several counties. Six old brothers of Saskatchewan's set up a "Sawancheng" firm in Xiaoshikou, dealing in American "Mobil kerosene", British "Swire sugar" and other foreign groceries. The store in front of the firm and the store in the back, that is, the business in the front and the production and processing of sweets and cakes in the back. The hardships that entrepreneurship began to experience are unimaginable today. Two meals a day, dry early and dilute late. If there is no food to eat, stir-fry soybeans with salt. Men shave their heads, six brothers shave each other, and just shave off their long hair with a razor; A piece of clothing, the boss, the second child and the third child are worn next to each other, patched and patched, until they are worn to rags. It is really hard work, hard work and frugality.
As the saying goes, "There are thousands of people in a family, and there is only one person in charge", and the "Sa Wancheng" firm is in charge of the second house, the second son of the third house should be in charge of the internal affairs, and the eldest son of the fifth house should be in charge of the sales. "Sawancheng" is located in the west of "Xiaoshikou" in Hecheng center. In addition, branches "Sawanxin" and "Sawanshun" have been opened in the city. Sa Fuqing also opened a "Sa Wanlong" pickles shop in Youfang Lane in the name of his eldest daughter Ma Yingyu, producing and selling pickles, soy sauce and rice vinegar. "Sawancheng" and "Sawanlong" sugar mills and sauce mills both employ several masters and many guys. Before the Japanese bombing, Safuqing's old sixth room did not separate, and they all ate together. There are hundreds of people in six rooms, who live in Youfang Lane, a corner to the south of Hecheng's small market. It starts from the bathroom of Daguanyuan in the south and ends at the small market in the north. It is a relatively concentrated area where Sa's family opens stores and lives, and is called "Sa Banjie".
"Saban Street" has a facade of about 4 to 5 meters, but it is very deep, with five big entrances, three small entrances and a courtyard in the middle. It was not deliberately built for a while, but naturally formed by the gathering of people of Sa surname. Sa Beining's great-grandfather opened a "first-class pub in the city", which is located at the west gate of Xiaoshikou, not "Sa Banjie". "Living together" is the origin and feature of the family system, and it is also the lifestyle followed by the family. Each branch of the house lived together, the walls of the shop were connected with tiles, and the houses were adjacent to each other, which extended into streets and lanes, and then they were called "Saban Street" by the people of Hecheng. This shows the prosperity of the family in that year and also shows Sasan's contribution to the development of Hecheng.
It is the purchase that can reflect the operating status of SaxoSmithKline. At that time, except for sweets and cakes, the "Sawancheng" firms made their own products by workshops, and other commodities such as "Mobil foreign oil" and "Taikoo white sugar" were all purchased from Nanjing. According to the old man's memory, the goods are usually imported once every two months. The ship that receives the goods directly arrives at Jinzhou Jinhekou Wharf from Xiaguan Wharf in Nanjing. After unloading the goods at the wharf, it is repackaged with a unicycle and transported to the warehouse of the "Sawancheng" firm in the city. From the Jinhekou Wharf to the Shili long embankment in Hezhou County, the unicycle can't see the tail from the beginning, and farmers stop to watch along the way and tell each other: "Sa Wancheng has purchased goods again!"
The most unforgettable thing is the marriage of Sa and Yu. At that time, the two families changed hands, that is, Sa's eldest daughter (Sa Yingyu) married Yu's family, and Yu's daughter (Yu Suzhen) married Sa's family (the third son, Sa Yingchang). "Sa Wancheng" and "Yu Guangyuan" were two famous firms at that time, and they were called the leaders in the state business circles. The two families in Sayu, marrying their daughters and daughters, are happy and celebrated. It's really a "perfect match". The drums are beating, the trumpets are blowing, firecrackers are ringing, the voices are boiling and deafening, and the grand occasion is unprecedented. The scene and style are unprecedented for Hezhou, and the old people still talk about the old things after many years.
3. Refusing to resist Japan and adding glory
The Saskatchewan family in Hezhou has a bitter national hatred and family feud with the Japanese invaders. At the historical juncture of national peril, the whole family has devoted themselves to the flood of the national war of resistance. Some fought in the front, some sweated in the rear, some became famous, and some rebelled silently. Examples abound in this respect.
Sa Beining's fourth grandfather (fourth uncle) Sa Yingshui joined the wartime cadre service group in Wuhan at the age of 19, and died heroically in the war at the age of 22, giving his young life. "Where did the guest come from? Sa Beining" mentioned his famous name, so that future generations will remember him.
There is also a woman named Sahui (Huiying) who participated in the "War Corps" in Sa's family. She is Sa Yingshui's niece in terms of seniority. She was not in Wuhan but in Yichang. Sahui Yingsheng was born in Hezhou. She escaped from home because of resisting the feudal arranged marriage. Under the influence of progressive youth Maidejun, she joined the anti-Japanese team in 1936. They joined the Battlefield Cadre Service Corps in Yichang, Hubei, and publicized anti-Japanese with patriotic exiled youths all over the country every day. In 1937, she married Maidejun and moved to Chongqing, Xi 'an and other places. Because of her participation in the revolution, her husband was killed by the Kuomintang in 1945. Sa Huiying, who is less than 3 years old, returned to Hezhou with three underage children. She reorganized her family's declining business, assisted her husband's buyers in shipping, and transported goods between Nanjing and Jinhekou Wharf in Hexian County. Later, she engaged in road transportation. In 1947, she founded Hehan Automobile Transportation Company and became the chairman. In order to commemorate her husband, she always used her husband's surname as "Buy English". Then it sold land to invest in the construction of highways, which were taken over by the state after liberation in 1949. This history of building and including highways was recorded in the traffic records of Chaohu area. Sa Huiying is worthy of being a heroine of the Sa family.
Sayingrui, the second son of Safuqing, the old shopkeeper of "Sawancheng", opened the Sawancheng branch in Hanshan in his early years, and concurrently served as the president of the chambers of commerce in both counties. After the fall of Hexian County, the Japanese wanted to set up a maintenance meeting in Hexian County, and deliberately chose Sayingrui as the president. The family business created by several generations was destroyed by Japanese bombing, and the national hatred and family hatred were in their hearts. Sayingrui angrily refused. He escaped from Hecheng with his family and hid outside Shuiximen, Nanjing, relying on his sons (Shi Liang, Shi Xun and Shi Guang) to work or work as vendors to make a living.
Sa Yingzhen, the youngest daughter of Sa Fuqing, risked her life to buy antibiotics and other medicines for the New Fourth Army.
In particular, Sa Shiliang, the eldest son of Sa Yingrui (the grandson of Sa Fuqing), couldn't bear the humiliation of the Japanese invaders, left his native land and went away to become a soldier of the Chinese Expeditionary Force. The historical facts of Sa Shiliang's participation in the Chinese Expeditionary Force were discovered around the 7th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War a few years ago, and he became a "online celebrity" for a time. His story was tortuous and touching.
The children of the poor are the masters early, while the children and grandchildren of businessmen love to wander. Sa Shiliang who grew up in a business environment. At the age of 12, he went to Shanghai as an apprentice alone. During the "Songhu Anti-Japanese War", he followed the refugees back to Hezhou. In order to eat as a soldier and take revenge against Japan, he went to Lu 'an, Anhui Province to join the Kuomintang army. When I was an orderly in Xi 'an, I suffered from hunger and discrimination, so I found a chance to run away and become a deserter. From Zhongnanshan to Shaanxi martial arts, and then to Baoji, wandering and drifting. I found my third uncle Sa Yingchang in Baoji, learned to drive with my master, and then became a car driver in the Fifth Squadron of Northwest Highway Bureau.
At that time, hitchhikers from Baoji to Chengdu had to pay 15 taels of gold. Once he drove to Chongqing to visit his cousin Sahuiying. Sister Huiying did a lot for her family when she opened a shop in Hezhou or went to a foreign land. Sa Shiliang was very close to her cousin, so she gave her some gold to buy rice for gratitude, which brought bad luck. The Military Bureau arrested him for smuggling, and all his cars and licenses were confiscated. After several months' detention, he was transferred to Zhazidong and continued to be detained. Later, although he was released, his car was confiscated and he embarked on the road of wandering again.
Being a member of the Chinese Expeditionary Force was largely accidental. When Sa Shiliang was in Chongqing, an Anhui native worked as the director of the Kuomintang Construction Department. He helped the director to repair an imported car that had been in disrepair for a long time, and the director left him as a driver. Later, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, and the Pacific War broke out. China, the United States and Britain became allies, and China sent expeditionary forces to fight abroad. In order to supplement the army, the national government widely mobilized students to join the army, and he signed up for the student army with full anti-Japanese patriotic enthusiasm.
The student army chose to go after training, and Sa Shiliang chose to go to India. In the spring of 1943, after taking a boat, changing to a car, and then taking a US military transport plane, it flew to the Tingjiang River in India along the famous hump route. Fifty or sixty soldiers of the Chinese Expeditionary Force cleaned and changed clothes at the US military base, took the train to Calcutta and changed ships to Ramga. Ramga is a remote town far away from the city in Bihar, northeast India. The famous allied base camp is here, and so is the headquarters and training base of Indian troops stationed in China. Sa Shiliang stayed in Ramga for more than a year.
With his driving skills, Sa Shiliang was assigned to the 4th Battalion of Chinese Chariots in India. In October 1943, the Chinese Expeditionary Force Chariot School was formally established in Ramga, and Sa Shiliang became an assistant instructor. With the concerted efforts of Chinese and American officers and men, a batch of tank and armored vehicle drivers have been trained and sent to the anti-Japanese front in Myanmar. In January 1944, the first China armored force appeared in the Hukanghe Valley, which greatly improved its combat effectiveness. China's brave soldiers, the advanced weapons and equipment of the United States, and the invincible Chinese troops stationed in liberated Myanmar, restored the Yunnan-Myanmar highway transportation line, and made contributions to the final victory of the anti-Japanese war.
In the winter of 1944, the Japanese army invaded Dushan, Guizhou, and Guiyang was in a hurry. The Kuomintang urgently dispatched the student army to return home. They flew back to Yunnan from India and were ordered to go to Guiyang. However, because the tank tonnage was too heavy to cross the bridge, two 15-ton tanks eventually fell into the river. The soldiers who lost their tanks found their own livelihood and broke up. Sa Shiliang followed the fifth regiment of the Kuomintang artillery.