1. The legend of Longtan Yan
Longtan is located at the lowest point in the northwest corner of the ancient city of Longtan Mountain. The water in the pool is as clear as a mirror, and the trees outside the pool are lush. The water level never drops, even in drought years. "Longtan Reflects the Moon" is listed as one of the eight scenic spots in Jilin. The name Longtan comes from legends and myths.
Historical data records such a myth: A long time ago, the climate near Longtan Mountain was mild and the products were rich. The people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and fished, hunted, farmed and weaved. Suddenly one day, when the sky was dark and the earth was dark, with lightning and thunder, a green dragon descended from the sky and came to this mountain pool. From then on the pool was called Longtan. But this green dragon came to the mortal world and continued to do evil, often causing floods, submerging crops and houses, and forcing people to flee for their lives. There was a girl named Lin Xiaomei who was washed away by the water. Her father Lin Weng swam to his daughter and was waiting to save him. He also found a swallow falling into the water. Lin Weng gave up his daughter to save the swallow. The swallow was saved, but his daughter was snatched away by the evil dragon. . Lin Weng and his wife lost their biological daughter and were very sad. At this time, the rescued Yanzi suddenly spoke. She recognized Lin Weng and his wife as her parents, comforted the two elders, and then decided to fly to the fairy mountain in the South China Sea to learn skills, and after she succeeded, she would come back to avenge the people. Therefore, Yan grew up in Longtan Mountain, so people affectionately called her Longtan Yan. Three years after Longtanyan left, Lin Weng led his fellow villagers to hold the dragon-slaying sword and a thousand-ring iron chain to lock the evil dragon, but failed. At this time, Longtan Yan happened to return from his success and led the swallows to fill the pond with rocks. Nie Long then sent a white-flowered snake to plunder Lin Weng into Longtan, in an attempt to lure Longtan Yan to rescue him so that he could catch them all in one fell swoop. Longtanyan was heartbroken when she saw her savior was killed. Thanks to the help of the old man Ginseng, Longtan Yan led all the swallows to kill the demon and broke into the pond, finally locked up the evil dragon, rescued Lin Weng, and brought the people of Longtan Mountain to see the light of day again. In the early 1960s, Jilin City Peking Opera Troupe created a mythological play "Longtan Yan" based on this myth, starring the famous Peking opera actor Xiaobai Yuyan, and performed it in various places. As a result, this myth spread even more widely.
Although these touching legends and myths are not facts, they reflect the rich imagination and strong desire of the people of ancient Jiangcheng to conquer and defeat nature.
2. The legend of Wuhu Island
In the vast expanse of Songhua Lake, there is an emerald-like island, known as "Five Tiger Island". About the origin of this island’s name. There is a beautiful and moving legend circulating locally.
According to legend, a long time ago, there was a water monster in the Tianchi of Changbai Mountain. It occupied the beautiful and kind-hearted Princess Songhua in the Songhua River and gave birth to Princess Silver Carp. Things have changed, time has passed, and in a blink of an eye, Princess Bai Cun is now sixteen years old, tall and graceful, and charming. She was tired of the monotonous life in the palace, so she got her mother's permission to go out to play in the palace. While she was having fun, she suddenly crashed into the net and was knocked out of the water by the fishermen. The fisherman was a young man in his twenties. He was very happy to see such a silver carp caught, so he closed the net, swung the oar, and rowed back home happily. Just when the boat was about to dock, the silver carp suddenly spoke: "Let me go, let me go!" The young man saw it with tears in its eyes and looked at him with pleading eyes. The young man felt pity and hugged it. Pick up the big fish and put it into the river. After entering the water, this big fish surfaced from time to time, as if nodding to thank him.
The young fisherman’s name is Danniu. He lives in a small mountain village called Wangqi by the river. He makes a living by fishing. One evening, he wanted to catch the last net before rowing home. Unexpectedly, when he raised the net, he saw the big silver carp again. Just as he was about to put it back into the water, the big silver carp suddenly turned into a shy and beautiful girl, and said with a smile: "I was the fish you released once. You have such a kind heart." She also expressed her love for the young man. At this time, the fish soldiers and shrimps of the water monster sect were chasing after them. Seeing that they were only a stone's throw away, Princess Songhua who was following behind quickly picked off a five-strand golden hairpin from her head and threw it with all her strength. It immediately turned into a mountain. After blocking the path of the pursuers, Princess Bailin and Daniel were able to escape. After that, Daniel and Princess Bailu became sworn husband and wife. The mountain formed by the five golden hairpins was named Wugu Mountain from then on. Later generations saw that Wugu Mountain looked like five tigers lying on each other, so it was renamed Wuhu Mountain. Since Fengmang built the dam, the water level has risen, and Wuhu Mountain has become Wuhu Island in Songhua Lake today. Today's Wuhu Island, with lush green vegetation, scattered pavilions, small bridges and deep winding paths every summer, has become a well-known tourist attraction. Every year, thousands of domestic and foreign tourists come on comfortable and luxurious boats. Take a cruise and come to the island for vacation.
3. The legend of Immortal Cave
Eight miles northwest of Panshi County, there is a mountain called Immortal Cave.
About the Fairy Cave, there is a beautiful legend circulating in the rock area...
According to legend, a long time ago, a young man named Wang Er came from Shandong. Armed with a medicine hoe and a sword slung across his waist, he came to the southern slope of the Immortal Cave. In a large virgin forest. He opened a clearing and built a small shack to live in. Every day he hunted roe deer and pheasants, went down the river to fish for crucian carp, and went up to the mountains to dig ginseng, schisandra, and parsnips, and treated the people with his ancestral craftsmanship. As time went by, everyone from ten miles to eight villages knew his name. One evening in the summer, Wang Er came back carrying a basket of medicinal materials. He smelled the aroma of food before he even waited at the door of his house. He pushed open the firewood door and entered the house. He opened the lid of the big wooden pot and took a look. There were stewed pheasants and four snow-white steamed buns inside.
Wang was very puzzled and wanted to get to the bottom of things. After breakfast the next day, he closed the door and hid in the hole of the big lone tree in front of the door. He stared at the door closely, but until dark, he didn't see anyone. When I got back to the house, I wanted to cook for myself. I opened the pot and saw that there were still delicacies from the mountains and seas.
Wang Er was unwilling to give in. Before dinner on the third day, he got into the tree hole again and watched. When the sun went down, the chimney started to smoke. He quietly ran to the window, licked a small hole in the window paper, looked in, and couldn't help but let out an "ah" sound. It turns out that the cook in the house is a beautiful girl. Wang Er hurriedly opened the door. When the girl saw someone coming, she covered her beautiful face with her sleeves, stepped forward, bowed and saluted, and said delicately: "Brother, don't be surprised. I got seriously ill last autumn. Thanks to my brother for saving me, I'm here to repay your kindness."
Wang Er shook his head repeatedly, he really couldn't remember this matter. The girl smiled sweetly and said:
"You are really a noble person who forgets things. My home is in the northeast corner of this mountain. We have been neighbors for many years." After the girl finished speaking, she left in a hurry.
At dawn the next day, Wang Er came to the hillside and searched all the ditches but found no houses. Wang Er returned disappointed. When he arrived at the door of the house, the girl was cooking for him. Wang Er looked at the girl happily and chatted with her about the family affairs. Only then did he find out that her surname was Hu and her nickname was Meier...
After cooking, Meier tidied up and was about to go back. Wang Er was reluctant to leave her. , sent one journey after another. When they reached the hillside, Meier asked him to stop. Wang Er watched her go a long way, but he kept an eye on her and secretly hid behind a tree to watch her whereabouts. But she disappeared in front of a big black stone. Wang Er came here quickly and found a hole. He smoothed his sword and climbed in carefully. After climbing only a short distance, the front was very spacious, so I stood up and walked forward. After walking for about ten steps, I saw a small square hall in front of me with the flickering oil lamp inside the cave. There are stone tables and stone benches in the center of the hall. Going down a dozen stone steps from the small hall is a beautiful hall. A particularly large stalactite hangs in the middle of the ceiling, like a lotus lantern. There is a river under the cave, and there is a large long stone bed on the west side of the hall, with a snow-white fox lying on the bed. Looking at the fox, Wang Er recognized it at a glance as the one he had rescued the previous autumn. When the white fox saw Wang Er come in, he said "Ah", ran down the stone bed, and suddenly transformed into a little girl.
Faced with the scene in front of him, Wang Er was stunned. But Mei'er stepped forward and said calmly: "You know my life experience. I have been practicing here for many years. I got seriously ill the autumn of last year. Thanks to you for saving me, I am where I am today! You are loyal and kind. Although I am an immortal, I am still the same as a mortal. If my brother doesn't mind, I am willing to be your wife to repay your kindness."
After Wang Er heard this, he was naturally satisfied, and the two chose the Zodiac. On an auspicious day, we finally got married.
After getting married, the two of them fell in love and took medicine together to treat illnesses. With my sister's help, no matter what kind of disease I have, I can easily cure it. In the blink of an eye, winter came, and Wang Er and Meier renovated the cave. The upper hall was used as a medical practice hall, and the lower hall was used as a bedroom. Unknowingly, decades had passed, and the couple were still so young and walking like flying.
During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, a "Fox Fairy Hall" and a Yaowang Temple were built in front of the cave, and the Empress Temple was built at the foot of the mountain.
Since then, there has been an endless stream of people coming here to burn incense and pray on the annual April 18 Incense Festival...
4. The legend of Mopan Mountain
Panshi County, formerly known as "Mopan Mountain", It is named after Mopan Mountain, 4 kilometers north of the city. When the county was established in 1902, it was changed to its current name.
Mopan Mountain does not look like a Mopan mountain. It is named after a huge boulder that looks like a stone mill on the mountainside. There are many magical legends about the origin of this polished boulder.
In the past, at the foot of this mountain was the highway from Fengtian (Shenyang) to the shipyard (Jilin). A couple opened a small inn beside the road at the foot of the mountain. Pedestrians, merchants, vehicles, and pack teams all come here to feed their horses, sharpen their horses, or stay overnight. The shop is doing a booming business. The shopkeeper and his wife gave birth to a boy and named him Xingwang.
Xingwang was born with a key in his mouth. The key cannot be separated from the body of prosperity. As soon as he left, he kept crying. Mom had no choice but to tie the key with a red string and hang it around Shanwang's neck.
When Xingwang was three years old, a group of bandits came to the area and often robbed passers-by. This road was cut off from merchants, and Xingwang's family's business fell into the cold. The couple had no choice but to take Sanwang up the mountain to collect firewood to make a living.
When Xingwang was six years old, he often went to the mountains to play alone. One day, he heard the sound of foals braying and grinding from the mountains. Just follow the sound and look for it. As we got closer, we saw neither the mill nor the colts. He listened carefully for a while and suddenly found that the sound came from a crack in the stone. He looked through the crack in the stone and saw that inside was a spacious room with a golden pony grinding. The golden beans are ground. Xingwang opened the lock with the key, and an old man gave the golden beans to Xingwang. A group of robbers learned about this and went to steal the golden beans and the golden pony. At this time, the golden pony neighed and pulled the millstone up into the sky. The millstone fell from the sky, smashed a gap in the mountain ridge, and killed the robber inside. From then on, the millstone remained in the gap for a long time and became what it is now. 6. Human hunting sites 60,000 years ago
In May 1991, Jilin archaeologists first discovered human hunting sites 60,000 years ago in the Brick Factory of Lafa Xinxiang, Jiaohe City. This historical conclusion reached after archaeology not only fills the archaeological gap of the Middle Paleolithic Age in Jilin area, but also makes an important contribution to the archaeological work of the Paleolithic Age in Northeast China and even Northeast Asia.
Xinxiang Brick Factory is located on the second terrace of Lafa River on the northern edge of Jiaohe Basin. Surrounded by the lofty mountains of the Changbai Mountains, the basin develops a water system that flows from north to south into the Lafa River and finally into the Songhua River. The terrain of the Jiaohe Paleolithic site is in an irregular rectangular shape, about 10 meters above the nearby ground, about 60 meters long and 30 meters wide, with a total area of ??1,800 square meters. Mammoth molar fossils and a large number of mammoth bone fossils, bison metacarpal and toe bone fossils, as well as stone cores, stone flakes and other smashing tools were found here. We can clearly see that the so-called hand axes are stone tools and ancient animal fossils with an edge made by hammering natural river pebbles. It can be seen that as early as tens of thousands of years ago, this was the river bed of the Rafah River today. On the south side is an open basin with lush shrubs and grasses. Groups of Songhua River mammoths, bison and other herbivores come here to look for food and water. So this became an ideal place for ancient humans to hunt. According to the stages of the Paleolithic Age in my country, that is, between 50,000 and 70,000 years ago, the discovery of the Jiaohe Cultural Site has divided the history of human activities in Jilin from the original Neolithic period of 5,000 to 6,000 years ago and the Neolithic period of 20,000 years ago. The Upper Paleolithic Age has advanced to the Middle Paleolithic Age 60,000 years ago.
In order to find the sites of human habitation, in the midsummer of 1993, the archaeological comrades of Jilin Province, with the support of the local tourism management office, worked hard to explore 28 sites in the Dalizi area of ??Rafah. Cave and small-scale test excavations were carried out, but no cultural relics left by ancient humans were found. The archaeological team is not discouraged and is ready to inspect all 72 caves in Lafalizi to look for the remains of ancient humans. Based on the clues provided by local farmers, they headed towards the cave under the second mountain opposite. This cave is called Xiaolizi Immortal Cave. The slope here is relatively large, inaccessible and difficult to climb, but the archaeological team braved the light rain and crawled into the dim Xiaolizi Immortal Cave. Here, when the archaeologists excavated the second and third layers of fire-used remains, they were very surprised to find and unearth two Paleolithic tools.
Among them, the hand ax is made of horny shale rock and is made by hammering method. This can prove that this cave was inhabited by humans in the Paleolithic Age. Experts speculate that hunters 60,000 years ago may have been in this cave, which is less than 1,200 meters away from the Xinxiang Brick Factory site.
Human beings have come from ancient times. The laboratory of the Department of Archeology of Peking University used the uranium series method to determine the age of this ancient relic to 60,000 years ago (62,0006,000 years). "Jilin City Chronicles·Cultural Relics Chronicles" records that "this kind of Paleolithic cultural relics has been discovered for the first time in Jilin Province, filling the cultural gap of the Paleolithic Age in Jilin City and Jilin Province, and also providing a basis for further research on the Paleolithic culture of Northeast Asia." It provides a batch of valuable information. "People look forward to future investigations, not only the discovery of cultural remains from the Middle Paleolithic Age, but also the unearthing of human bone fossils from this period, which will contribute to the study of early Homo sapiens and their culture in the Jilin area. make new contributions.
7. The earliest human settlement site in Jilin area
——Shoushan Immortal Cave
In the long process of human history, our ancestors left many cultural heritage. The Shoushan Immortal Cave near Yumuqiaozi Town, Huadian City, currently discovered in Jilin, is the earliest human settlement in Jilin. It is a culture of the Late Paleolithic Age, dating back 20,000 years. The discovery of the Immortal Cave in Shoushan, Huadian has filled the blank of Paleolithic cave sites in our province.
According to the newly compiled "Jilin City Chronicles Cultural Relics Chronicles": "In 1990, teachers and students of the Archeology Department of Jilin University unearthed 20,000-year-old late Pleistocene mammal and bird fossils through preliminary excavations. There are more than ten kinds and 47 pieces of beaten stone tools, which have been identified by the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The stone products include hammered stone flakes and stone cores, residual stone flakes, half stones, stone hammers, and scrapers. As the earliest habitat for primitive humans in the Paleolithic Age, caves have been found in Guangdong, Hubei and other places in my country. Many caves are located in areas where rock caves develop, such as the Huadian Shoushan Immortal Cave. In 1987, archaeologists from the Jilin Municipal Local Chronicles Office, the Cultural Relics Department of the Jilin Municipal Cultural Bureau, and the Jilin Municipal Museum went to Shoushan for on-site inspections and saw that Shoushan’s “main peak is 510 meters above sea level, and the relative height to the valley is about 200 meters.” Immortal "The cave is located 50 meters below the main peak. The entrance of the cave is oriented east-west. The widest point is more than 3 meters and the height is 2.80 meters. The depth of the cave is gentle and inward. It is unfathomable. It is 12 meters from the cave entrance to the cave. It has good lighting. The first 8 meters are spacious and bright. Dry and pleasant, the cave walls are tight, smooth, flat and bright, adapting to human activities
In May 1993, approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, hosted by the Department of Archeology of Jilin University and the Jilin Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology, and a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Under the guidance of Zhang Senshui, the joint expedition team once again conducted in-depth excavation and identification of the Shoushan Immortal Cave. The ancient humans lived here during the Paleolithic Age 20,000 years ago. The cave accumulation thickness was found to be 2.6 meters. During this excavation, more than 700 ancient vertebrate fossil specimens were unearthed, including the bones and teeth of more than 20 species of animals including bears, wolves, horses, sheep, spotted hyenas, Siberian weasels, brown-backed rats, ducks, and pheasants. There are more than 200 pieces of stoneware, including 10 pieces of polished bone. It shows that ancient humans lived in this cave for a long time.
This is the first discovery in Jilin Province. It is a typical and well-accumulated cave site where humans lived and moved in the Paleolithic Age. Its altitude, relative height, and distance from the water source are also extremely rare among the Paleolithic sites in my country. The Xianren Cave is well known to the people of Jilin. The living environment of ancient humans in our hometown provides living archaeological data, and also provides historical research and local chronicles for the study of the Paleolithic Age in Northeast my country and Northeast Asia, as well as many disciplines such as geology, paleoanthropology, paleontology, paleoclimate, and ecological environment. research and provided information.
In 1992, the Jilin Municipal People's Government listed the Shoushan Xianren Cave site as a key cultural relic protection unit. In 1999, the provincial government listed it as a "key cultural relic protection unit in Jilin Province." . ”
8. Jilin’s wooden gangs in the Qing Dynasty
Before the Fengman Dam on the Songhua River was built, there was a strange sight on the river in summer, that is, discharge. People were used to it The people who committed the crime were called "Mu Gang"
Jilin is famous for its timber production.
In the past, timber transportation relied entirely on rivers and waterways, and the Songhua River became a kind of "wood gang" culture named after the exiled timber. Changbai Mountain is not only rich in various high-quality trees, but also nurtured the Guandong wood gang. Songhua River records the life of "wood gangs", such as logging in "mountain fields" and logging in "water fields". Call them the "Kwantung Wood Gang".
The organization and division of labor of the Wood Gang is as follows. On the mountain farm, one farm has a large cabinet, and the second cabinet is divided into the handle head, the sledge head, and the oar head. Scream the head bang at the platoon on the field, and the lower one is divided into two, and the side bang (also called the tail bang). Dashi is the main figure in Shanchangzi and Shuichangzi. He often funds and organizes wooden gangs. This person is rich and powerful. He must first give some wine money and shop money to the wooden heads.
The Mu Gang has its own unique religious beliefs. Like the people who work in the mountains and hunt, they go into the deep mountains and old forests to work in the wild and ask for things from nature, so they are also called "Fangshan". The mountain god worshiped by the people of "Fangshan" is called Sun Liang. Legend has it that he was from Laiyang, Shandong Province. He came to Changbai Mountain through all kinds of hardships and became a god. Life in the Mukang was very difficult, and there were many songs left in the Mukang that sounded painful and moving. There is a ballad called "Wooden Handle is not a good thing." The content says: There are many things in the world, but Wooden Handle is not a good thing. There are rankings among the three religions and nine schools, but I don’t think I can be ranked first. When I was young, I left home and went to Guandong, where I worked as a gangster in the Changbai Mountains. In the twelfth lunar month of winter, on the mountain, my nose was as cold as miso, and I screamed for daddy and mommy. I saw you had no hope when I went back.
Most of the wooden gangs came from Shandong and the Guandong area, and they were often alone. Working tirelessly in the deep mountains to survive. The Xiubaishan Reservoir in Huadian on the Songhua River used to be called the "Lao'e River", and it was the rapids and rapids that people were most afraid of. On both sides of the ancient paved road of the Songhua River, there were desolate wooden tombs, which looked to the people behind. It shows the prosperity of the past and the miserable end of the tree itself. There is a ballad here called "Crossing Guandong", the content is: After leaving Shanhaiguan, I burst into tears. If you leave home today, when will you have to return it? These truly record the state of mind and tragic ending of the Guandong people who left their hometown and broke into the Northeast to make a living.
Jilin City used to be called a shipyard, a place where ships were built. The wood used was felled from Changbai Mountain and transported here by the Songhua River. The wooden gang set up operations here and became a life-threatening business. Many brave men never returned, making many sections of the Songhua River known as "whistle points."
Songhua river lanterns used to be made of bran skin and were placed in the river, lighting up one after another. Every year on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, Jilin people release river lanterns to commemorate and redeem the deceased people who released the lanterns. It is said that drowned people can be reincarnated if they see the river lanterns.
The outstanding feature of Jilin Mubang is entrepreneurship. Nowadays, the boatmen rowing oars in Jilin City’s Qiaotou Square have become the city spirit and city symbol for Jilin people to “advance bravely in the rapids”. Changbai Mountain and Songhua River have raised outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation. The pioneering spirit and character of Jilin Mubang are a composite of the outstanding spirit of the Chinese nation. In the development and progress of Jilin City, Mubang has contributed to the mountains and rivers. This is the culture of "Guandong", which incorporates a strong sense of life of unity and struggle of the local Manchu and Han nationalities. It is vividly recorded in some historical books such as "The Beliefs of Mubang", "The Ballad of Mubang", "Mubang and Jilin", "Mubang and Baotou", "The Demographic Structure of Mubang", "The Story of Mubang" The historical changes in the culture of the Mu Gang reflect the fighting spirit of the Jiangcheng Mu Gang, who are as tall and proud as the ancient pines in Changbai Mountain, and their pioneering and enterprising character like the Songhua River.
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