(1) Naming and clan concept. Surname was originally the symbol of clan and the call of the masses. As the saying goes, "There is a family with a surname of x in the world" and "two x characters cannot be written in one stroke". There are so-called "family names" in China's names. The clan name is not only a sign of identity within the clan group, but also a symbol of external communication, and an image embodiment of the clan structure and order. Family names often link the generation with the form of names, and make corresponding regulations to reflect the human relations. The most common way to form family names is to specify the generation order words, and when naming (double names), use the corresponding generation order words before or after. The Kongshi family, the first clan in China, stipulated that the first word of a clan's name should be in the order of generations, such as Zhao, Xian, Qing, Fan, Xiang, Ling, De and Wei, and named it Zhao Huan, Xian Pei, Qing Rong, Fan Hao, Xiang Ke, Ling Yi, De Cheng and Wei Yi. In addition, the method is to specify the radicals of single names. For example, in A Dream of Red Mansions, Jia Fu stipulated that literature, jade and grass are the radicals of generations. The writers are Jia She, Jia Zheng and Daiyu's mother Jia Min, the jade characters are Baoyu, Jia Lian, Jia Huan and Jia Zhu, and the grass characters are Jia Lan, Jia Rong and Jia Qiang. The other is to stipulate the structure of single name and word, so as to distinguish the generation order, such as the generation of friends, inflammation, feather and Lin Cheng, and the generation of Xin, Sen, Miao, Jing and Yan, which are combined into one structure.
In addition, some names of China people also embody the clan concept in content, revealing the ideals and aspirations of inheriting the past, opening up the future, respecting the clan and extending the clan. You can often see such names in history books, such as Guangzu, Shuzu, Zezu, Stepzu, Xingzu, Shaozu, Yinzong, Jizong, Jingzong, Yaozong, Xiaozong, Xianzong, Jixian, Shaoxian, Yaoxian, Filial, Heixian and Yanxian, and so on.
(2) Naming and ethical spirit. As a personal symbol of China people in society, names are often saturated with strong ethical spirit. Among them, the two most prominent aspects are naming words with virtue and using the names of sages who admire sages. In China, benevolence, loyalty and filial piety, humility, honesty, diligence, virtue and founder are all traditional virtues, and "virtue" itself is a "master" that summarizes these virtues, and these words are commonly used in naming and choosing characters in ancient and modern times. Such as Cao Mengde, Liu Xuande, Zhu De, Li Zongren, Li Yishan, Zhang Zizhong, Fang Xiaoru, Dan Xiongxin, Yu Qian, Ding Gong, Zhang Jian, Wei Zhongxian, Zhang Liang and so on. For women, special moral laws are further stipulated, which is the so-called "female virtue", including chastity, Shu, Duan, Zhuang, Xian, Wan, Jing and so on. Therefore, female names include Feng Wanzhen, Zhu Shuzhen, Li Jingxian, Jing Yan, Li Zhuang, Xian Qian, Yu Duan, Zhen Xiu, Jing Zhi, Shu Yi and so on. In addition, people often use the names of the sages who admire the sages to show their ethical attitudes and ideals. The naming method of this kind of names is mostly a verb-object structure composed of two names, and the latter word is the object of admiration and follow.
(3) Naming and folk beliefs. Naming reflects people's belief in language first.
Naming also reflects China's traditional concept of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. When naming people, it is often determined according to the children's birthdates, which one is missing, such as gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and then the name will make up for it. There are three ways. First, point out what is missing in the name directly, and try to structure the meaning of making a certain line developed and prosperous. For example, the lack of wood is called Sen or Mu Sen, the lack of soil is called leap soil, the lack of wood fire is called wood fire, and the lack of gold water is called gold water. The other is to choose the characters with Jin Mu's fire, water and soil radicals, such as Tudor, Hazel, Han, Long and Yuan. Another is that the five elements are matched with the ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly branches. In addition, according to the principle that the five elements are mutually generated, several generations take the names of a certain line respectively in the order of mutual generation. In addition, the naming also reflects some other popular beliefs. The old custom of borrowing and stealing names in Qujiang, Guangdong Province. When borrowing a name, use the surname of the borrowed family. For example, if you borrow it from the Zhang family, you will call it Zhang. Stealing a name is to find out that a family is prosperous, and then steal a rice bowl and a pair of chopsticks. The mother greets the child at the door with her baby in her arms, and the child's mother responds on her behalf. People think that after stealing a name, the child can be disaster-free and disease-free. Children born at special times should be given corresponding names. A Dream of Red Mansions Jia Fu's eldest girl was born on the first day of the first month, named Yuan Chun. It is unlucky for a girl to be born on Tanabata, so the name is a bit special. Wang Xifeng's daughter was born on this day, so she named Granny Liu, who entered the Grand View Garden. Granny Liu quickly smiled and said, "This is just right, so it's called Qiaojieer. This method is called' fight poison with poison, fight fire with fire'. Aunt will live a long life according to my name. In the future, when everyone grows up, they will get married and set up a business. Or if something goes wrong for a while, it will inevitably lead to disaster and fortune, and all of them will come from this word' Qiao'. "
(4) Naming and gender concept. The difference between the names of men and women reflects the concept of gender. In terms of naming a case with virtue, men often use words that mark the universal morality of society, while women only use words that mark the virtue of women, which not only shows the difference between men and women, but also is a wonderful embodiment of a male-centered society. And gradually formed a distinct male name and female name.
(5) Naming and characteristics of Chinese characters. The structural methods of China's personal names are rich, complicated and exquisite, which is closely related to the characteristics of Chinese characters: the ingenious relationship between names and characters and even surnames also depends on the expressive force of Chinese characters. For example, most of the family names specify the generation order characters, including radicals, and the generation order of radicals shows the structural characteristics of Chinese characters, which enables single names to compound double meanings-the meaning and generation of the words used in a single name. In a joke in the eighty-sixth chapter of Li Ruzhen's "Flowers in the Mirror", the magical power of naming Chinese characters is beautifully performed: there is a family with a surname of Wang and eight brothers who ask for a name and a nickname. The name, but also the image of the family name. One day, someone preached for him: the first king added a little bit to the prefix, named Wang Zhu, nicknamed "Wang Da"; The second one, with a little bit beside Wang Zi, was named Wang Yu, nicknamed "Wang Er who stole the hip flask"; The third one is called Wang San, nicknamed "heartless Wang San"; The fourth name is Simomo, nicknamed "Wang Si with an iron gun"; The fifth one is called Wang Wu, nicknamed "Wang Wu with a hard turn"; The sixth name is Wang Ren, nicknamed "Wang Liu with crooked head"; The seventh name is Wang Mao, and the nickname is "Wang Qi who drags his tail"; The eighth name is Quan Wang ... This full-character book belongs to the Ministry, not a herringbone, so Quan Wang's nickname is "an adult tortoise". Here, not only the names of eight brothers are related to each other, but also each name is related to the surname, which is another way to express the characteristics of Chinese characters by naming. The characteristic of this method is to make the surname and the first name related in the glyph structure as far as possible. There are three ways: adding texts, such as Lin Sen and Jin Xin; Provincial language: Chen Dong, Ruan Yuan, Nie Er; Decomposition: Lao She's original name was Shu Sheyu, followed by Lei Yutian, Zhang Changgong and Dong Qianli. Names and characters are often linked according to the structural characteristics of Chinese characters, such as the penny with the name: Xie Ao, Gao Yu, Zhang Yi, Sanyi and Xu Fang, etc. The provincial literature with the name of the word: Gu Mei's word is eyebrow-born, Qin Gui's word club and so on; Words with the name: Xie An, An Shi, Du Mu, Mu Zhi, etc.