Who named Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region?

Xinjiang was founded in the 10th year of Guangxu reign (1884). Before the establishment of the province, this area was called the Western Regions. One of the Western Regions, which originated in the Western Han Dynasty, established the Western Regions' Capital Protection House here in 60 BC. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty called the Western Front Xinjiang for a special purpose. It turns out that the word Xinjiang is a common noun, not specifically referring to the western regions. It changed from an ordinary noun to a proper noun referring to the western regions, and became the official name of a provincial administrative region in the Qing Dynasty, which experienced decades or even hundreds of years of evolution. In the Qing Dynasty, although the Mongolian Gurkha Department in the north, the Mongolian Department and the Hui Department in the northwest and the Tibetan Department in the southwest all paid tribute to the Qing Dynasty and accepted knighthood, the local leaders of all ethnic groups still maintained hereditary ruling power and continued to carve up the country. In the twenty-second year of Qianlong (1757), Junggar was pacified, and in the twenty-fourth year, it was pacified. Only by the commander-in-chief of Urumqi, General Ili, the Minister of Counsellor, the Minister of Affairs, the Minister of Team Leader and other officials were set up and managed respectively. So the Qing dynasty unified the western regions and returned to the direct jurisdiction of the unified dynasty of the Central Plains, ending the hereditary separatist regime of local minority leaders. Because the Qing dynasty unified the western regions later than the northeast and southwest regions, the rulers of the Qing dynasty sometimes called the western regions Xinjiang, or Xinjiang in the western regions. Being called Xinjiang is naturally relative to "old Xinjiang". In the habits of Manchu rulers in Qing Dynasty. There has long been a precedent of integrating hinges into one's own nation and region, which is called "new". For example, in the process of unifying Manchu ministries in Northeast China in the Qing Dynasty, later Moerzhele and other ministries in the border area also joined in, so it was called "New Manchuria". The rulers of the Qing dynasty also had a habit of using the names of local ethnic minorities plus the word "Xinjiang" to represent the ethnic minority areas ruled by local ethnic minority leaders. For example, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty called the Miao minority areas in the southwest of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Hunan "Miaojiang", the Uighur minority areas in the south of Chutian in the northwest (then called Islam) as "Jiang Hui" and the Junggar minority areas in the north of Tianshan Mountain as "Zhunjiang". After the unification of these areas inhabited by ethnic minorities under the direct rule of the Qing Dynasty, they were changed to "diaspora", that is, the hereditary rule of ethnic minority leaders in this area was abolished and changed to a "diaspora official" system that the central government could appoint and remove at any time, so these areas were called Xinjiang. The original semi-separatist hereditary rule area of "local officials" and the earlier unified area of Qing Dynasty are called "Old Xinjiang". For example, Hami, Balikun, Qitai, Turpan and other places in the northwest were all called "My Old Xinjiang" in the Qing Dynasty, and the former Junggar area in the west was called "Junggar Old Xinjiang" (Volume 9 of the Map of the Western Regions of the Forbidden City, Volume 22, Mountains). At present, some Miao and other ethnic minority areas in Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan and other provinces are also called "Miaojiang" and Xinjiang. E Ertai, governor of Yungui in Yongzheng, once said that "Wumeng changed the soil into Xinjiang" (A Record of Emperor Sejong Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, Volume 96). Su's Record of Returning to Xinjiang, also known as Record of Returning to Xinjiang, shows that the crops in Xinjiang and Xinjiang at that time were all called Xinjiang. As for the active areas of the former Junggar Department north of Tianshan Mountain, the official history of the Imperial Palace in the Western Regions, the Eight Records of Great Unity and the General Examination of Imperial Literature are also called Zhunbu, Zhunjiang, Xinjiang in old Junggar, Xinjiang newly built with the Imperial Palace, or Xinjiang. The Western Regions have been China's inherent territory since ancient times, and they know it very well, because Emperor Qianlong once said in Yu Sheng Middle School: "In the Han Dynasty, the Western Regions were full of people, and the invitation departments of Ulumu and Huizi were formed, which was a test of internal debris. The Tang dynasty opened a government and expanded its territory to the northwest. This site has been married for a long time. " (Record of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, Volume 482) It is precisely to boast that the literary martial arts of this dynasty have surpassed ancient times, and "helping the Han and Tang Dynasties far away" (Record of the Emperor and the Western Regions, Volume 8) The Qing Dynasty called the western regions Xinjiang. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, under the auspices of Song Yao, the general of Yili, Vae and others compiled A Brief History of Xi Shi, which was prefaced by the emperor himself, and was famous for solving the bribery case in Xinjiang by decree. This is the beginning when the Qing rulers officially used the word "Xinjiang" as a place name, replacing the word "Xicheng" in the Song Dynasty. In other words, by this time, the word "Xinjiang" has officially changed from an ordinary noun to a proper noun referring to the present Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In the third year of Tongzhi (A.D. 1864), Russia invaded the northwest frontier of China, forced the Qing Dynasty to sign the Treaty on the Delimitation of the Northwest Frontier between China and China, and occupied more than 440,000 square kilometers of the territory of the northwest frontier of. Under the leadership of Zuo and Liu Tongtang, the Qing government troops recovered Xinjiang. Subsequently, Zuo and successively played the role of the Qing emperor to change the province in Xinjiang. In the 10th year of Guangxu reign (A.D. 1884), Xinjiang Province was formally established, and Liu Jintang was appointed Governor of Xinjiang, Gansu. From this year until the establishment of 1955 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the name of Xinjiang Province has been used for more than 70 years.