What are the meanings of "Gao", "Tai", "Shi", "Cheng", "Sheng" and "Su" in the names of temples?

There are only four original temple names: Tai who established the foundation (Taizu Tang, Taizong Taijia), Gao who achieved high success (Gaozu looked at the sea, Wuding), the teacher who sacrificed for generations (Pan Geng, Sejong, Jia), Zhong (Zhongzong, B) of Zhongxing, and Zong who made meritorious deeds.

great-great-grandfather

The name of this temple is usually given to the founding emperors, such as Liu Bang and Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty.

For example, Li Yuan, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty and especially Liu Bang are all called Emperor Gaozu, but the temple name is also called Taizu. Why? In fact, as long as you have read the book "Detailed Interpretation of Han History", you will know the inside story. The book said: "Gaibang matched heaven and earth for Gaozu, and the title was added to it. Although it is the ancestral temple of Zhao Mu, it is also the temple of Gaozu. " In other words, Liu Bang is both the Emperor Taizu and the Emperor Gaozu, and Taizu is synonymous with Gaozu. However, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, even Shi Jingtang, the son of Emperor, had to match the Gaozu Temple, which was a bit funny. Moreover, during this period, the Gaozu Temple was justified. After death, people like Liu Zhiyuan were all great-grandfathers, and even the founders of small countries with independent regimes frequently used the honor of great-grandfathers. Of course, the temple name itself is the royal family's own business, and has no direct relationship with the size of the territory.

Gaozong

What is more interesting in history is that those who are called Emperor Gaozong are usually the makers of the decline of the dynasty, or they are synonymous with sinister and sinister. Song Gaozong and Gaozong in the Qing Dynasty are well-known, and the temple name of Song Gaozong represents mixed merits and demerits. He founded the Southern Song Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River, which made the situation at that time not go into troubled times like the Southern and Northern Dynasties. However, it was his fault that he took Yue Fei and other meritorious deeds away from Qin Gui, but it was his fault that Gao Zhen resisted military commanders. This period is also called "Shaoxing Zhongxing". Li Hong, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, was the longest-lived ruler in China's history, and he initiated the prosperity of Qianlong. But he is too extravagant, and the literary inquisition makes him overjoyed. What he left to Jiaqing was a country full of holes and extravagant habits. This is why Jiaqing gave him the name Gaozong Temple. This is also a mixed blessing. Yu Wenyun, the emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was a dissolute man. During his reign, he killed his relatives and loyalties, so the name of this temple is synonymous with his evil behavior. Tang Gaozong and the Northern Wei Emperor Wen Chengdi are exceptions, but in fact he should be Sejong. Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty was in a daze, which proved the efficacy of his father's prophecy. Qi Ming, the Emperor of Southern Qi, came to power, but he didn't do anything decent except kill the descendants of Gao Wu. Even the history books said that he was only addicted to killing.

Taizu

This is since the Song and Liao Dynasties.

Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang

The temple name of the founding emperor, which was used on a large scale in the future, was used before the emperor made meritorious deeds, but it was not as big as it was later. Among them, the temple name in the Southern and Northern Dynasties was Mao, but it was not the founding emperor, which caused people's discussion.

Emperor Taizong

This is the most important part of the so-called Zhaomu system after Taizu. Historically, posthumous title

Emperor Taizong

There are no fewer than ten Han Taizong born in Emperor Taizong, including Song Taizong, Liang, Emperor Taizong, Liao Taizong, Jin Taizong, Xia Taizong (Li Deming), Ming Taizong and Qing Taizong in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Except for a few people, such as Emperor Ming Di of the Song Dynasty and Emperor Liang Jianwen, they were all outstanding pioneers of this dynasty. Li Shimin, for example, can be called an emperor through the ages.

Static group

Generally speaking, some temples are named as pioneers or connecting figures in the history of dynasties, and also as founders. For example, Cao Pi in the Three Kingdoms, Sima Yan in the Western Jin Dynasty and Kublai Khan in the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty are all ancestral temple names. Mainly because they were not the founders of the dynasty. Liu Xiu was the ancestor of the Han Dynasty. Since then, the ancestors of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Xiaowu of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Wudi of the Southern Qi Dynasty, Wu Chengdi of the Northern Qi Dynasty, Yuan Shizu, and Sai-jo of the Qing Dynasty have basically come from this.

Sejong

Sejong originally meant popularization.

Ming shizong

It means that Tong Xu started from then on. Since then, it has been the temple name of Sejong since the death of Emperor Gaozu Liu Che, and Tong Xu of the Han family has also moved from Emperor Gaozu. We all know that Emperor Han Jingdi was going to give it to his eldest son, Liu Rong. Only because of the alienation of Guantao princess royal, an ordinary king of Jiaodong was able to inherit the throne. The same is true of Sima's family below Jin Shizong. When Si Mazhao was alive, he often said: The world belongs to King Jing (referring to Sima Shi), and the seat after me belongs to Fu Tao (referring to his youngest son Sima You). It can be seen that without Sima Shi, it is impossible for the Western Jin Dynasty to complete Sima Yi's legacy. After the Western Jin Dynasty, there were five lakes and sixteen countries, and the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North. Sejong in the Northern Wei Dynasty was Xuan Wudi Yuanke. This man was an important figure who failed Emperor Xiaowen's reform and was also the initiator of the decline of the Northern Wei Dynasty. However, there was nothing for him to be a prince, but the original prince Yao Yuan died suddenly, which made him take advantage of it. Li Shimin's name was taboo in the Tang Dynasty, so there was no Sejong (there was a Sejong who was the father of Tang Gaozu, Tang Gaozu). After Tang Gaozu proclaimed himself emperor, his father was named Emperor Sejong of the Tang Dynasty, so there was no Sejong in the Song Dynasty. But in the Song Dynasty, if strictly speaking, Song Yingzong should be Sejong of the Song Dynasty, because from him, the true clan was cut off, and the emperor changed from the true clan to the descendants of Shang Yuanfen. As far as the Southern Song Dynasty is concerned, filial piety is also the rule of Sejong, because it is more important for Taizong to change from him to Taizu. Everyone is familiar with Shi Zongming and Shi Zongqing, so I won't say much, and the same is true. In addition, the story of Zhou Shizong Chai Rong is also well known. Therefore, it is not redundant. Jin Shizong and Liao Shizong have similar meanings. Liao Shizong is a key figure in the return of the Liao royal family to the Yelubi Line of Dongdan King, but a key figure in the return of the royal family to the Zongfu Line since Mao.

Cheng zong

Li Chao, Emperor Chengzong of Southern Tang Dynasty

Yuan Chengzong Borjikin Timur

Aisingiorro Dourgen, Emperor Chengzong of Qing Dynasty.

Chengzu

Ming Chengzu Judy

Sanzu

Tang Shengzu Li Er

Dachang and the sage of the country, Zheng Maisi.

Northern Song Dynasty sage Zhao Xuanlang

Aisingiorro Michelle Ye, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty.

Suzu

Si Mashao, Jin Mingdi

Yuan Jie of Wenmudi in Northern Wei Dynasty

Wu's ancestors were self-denial.

Post-Liang Su Zu Zhu An

Su Zu Shibin in the Late Jin Dynasty

Liao Su-zu's thought of doing things according to law.

Su zong

Emperor Ada of Han Dynasty

Xu Yuan, Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty

Filial Piety and the High Performance of Emperor Zhao Di of the Northern Qi Dynasty

Tang Suzong hengli

Jin Suzong's Hong Yan Wax-breaking Technique

[Miohao]

The Emperor's posthumous title

The name of the temple is what the emperor called when offering sacrifices in the temple, which originated from the Shang Dynasty, which attached importance to sacrifice and worship. At first, not all kings had temple names. Generally, after the death of kings, they will build their own temples for sacrifice, but after several generations, they have to destroy the original temples and merge them into ancestral temples for sacrifice. Sacrifice in the ancestral hall is called "gold", which has practical effect. If every king temple stays, a large number of temple fairs will be difficult to offer sacrifices after several generations. The former king, who has made great contributions to the country and is worthy of eternal sacrifice by future generations, will especially catch up with the temple number and see the significance of eternal sacrifice.

In addition, due to the expansion of the number of words of posthumous title, the later emperor, and almost all the descendants of the emperor who were succeeded by later generations would give their parents and grandparents a good name, posthumous title could not actually express the emperor's evaluation, but the temple number played the role of closing the coffin instead of posthumous title.

It should be noted that after the death of some monarchs, there will be multiple temple names, and the temple names are not unique, which is caused by worship and changes. After the death of the emperor, he gave special names such as Gaozu and Taizong. Such as: Taizu, Gaozu, Shizu, Shengzu, Taizong, Gaozong, Xianzong, Suzong, etc.