1. Mongolian tribes and surnames
Tumut Right Banner of Zhuosutu League in Inner Mongolia, from the beginning Mongolians made up the majority, to the increasing number of Han immigrants in the pass, and gradually formed Mongols and Han people lived together until a situation was formed in which Han people accounted for the majority of the population as a whole. This historical evolution is a common phenomenon in areas where different ethnic groups intersect. Due to the fusion of the Mongolian and Han nationalities due to historical reasons, the unique surnames of the Mongolian people gradually merged with the surnames of the Han people, and used Chinese characters as the carrier, thus becoming an inseparable part of the Chinese surname culture.
Just like the surnames of the Han people were first based on the name of the country, the name of the city, the name of the region, the name of the ancestor, the official position, etc. The Mongolian people also have different surnames based on the name of the tribe, the name of the tribal leader, the name of the region, etc., and by grade. For example, the orthodox golden family of Genghis Khan, the Borji Jin family, had the surname Bao. In the Qing Dynasty and before the Qing Dynasty, all non-official descendants of it were treated as Taiji. The orthodox Yuan minister Zalema belongs to the Uliyanhan tribe whose surname is Wu. In the Qing Dynasty and before the Qing Dynasty, all his descendants who were not officials were treated as Tabu Nang. People who are considered unorthodox for various reasons cannot use the surnames Bao and Wu. Mongolians from other tribes have a similar situation. The main purpose of changing Chinese names is to facilitate communication with Han people and the outside world. At the same time, traditional Mongolian names are also used within the nation.
In 1836, the 16th year of Daoguang’s reign in the Qing Dynasty, regulations were issued that strictly prohibited Mongolians from taking Chinese names, but this was not and could not be truly implemented. Therefore, it is worth explaining that the Chinese surnames used by the Mongolians are two different things from the surnames and their origins among the hundreds of surnames. For example: the "Bao" surname among the Mongolian surnames is not among the hundreds of surnames. Therefore, what people call the Baijia surnames is not the complete set of surnames of the entire Chinese nation, but the Han nationality, or the incomplete Baijia surnames after the Han nationality was integrated. The Chinese surnames of the Mongolian people and the meanings explained in the Baijia surnames are completely different.
2. The relationship between tribe and surname
The surname of the Mongolian people is closely related to the name of the tribe, the name of the tribal chief, the name of the region, etc. The surname also changed during the development and evolution of the clan family. Changes, some are divided into different surnames according to levels or categories. For example: the Borjijin clan of Genghis Khan's golden family had the surname Bao. During the Qing Dynasty, most of them had official positions, and those without official positions were also treated as Taiji. The Uliyanhan tribe to which Yuan Dynasty minister Zalema belonged had the surname Wu. In the past, all his descendants who were not officials were treated as Tabu Nang. It is equivalent to the treatment of Taiji with Bao surname. The surnames Bao and Wu are the most noble surnames of the Mongolian people, and this has always been the case. Therefore, people who no longer match due to various reasons, such as crime, ruin, or exclusion, are considered unorthodox. People can no longer use the surname Bao and Wu. However, these people often change their surnames to commemorate their own surnames. Sometimes words with the same pronunciation are used, such as changing Bao to Bao, Bao, etc. The Mongols of other tribes had a similar situation. There is also the practice of giving surnames to people with foreign surnames or slaves who have been together for many years and who behave well. In most cases, it is related to the first sound of the tribe name, the name of the leader, and the name of the region.
The following table lists the relationship between some tribes and surnames:
----Borji Jin clan Genghis Khan's golden family Bor--taken from the pronunciation of "Bao", no official in the Qing Dynasty Those who were treated were treated as Taiji
----The tribe to which Zalema, the hero of Genghis Khan in the Ulyanha Tribe, belonged, and several of the royal family members. , equivalent to Bao's surname Taiji
----It is said that Wuji Industry Special Department, an early famous tribe of Genghis Khan, Wu---has the same pronunciation as "Wu"
--- -The Mongolian tribe brought by the Qimude tribe when they moved eastward---taken from the pronunciation of "Chen"
----The Mongolian tribe Bairen brought by the Bairenbu when they moved eastward---taken from The homophony of "white" is "bai" - the close pronunciation of "cha" in Mongolian Chagan
----Bai is like the Mongolian tribe white brought by most of them when they moved eastward - has the same pronunciation as " "白"白---the close pronunciation of "Chang" in Mongolian Chagan
----The Mongolian tribes brought by the Hade tribe when they moved eastward---the homophone of "Lai"
-----The Mongolian tribe brought by the Hangmuton tribe when they moved eastward. Hang---is pronounced as "Hang". Hang---is pronounced as "Han".
-----The Mongolian tribal forests brought by most of Lin Riru when they moved eastward---taken from the pronunciation of "Li"
-----The Mongolian tribal forest brought by most of Xilin Tede when they moved eastward The Mongolian tribes in the west --- have the same pronunciation as "Xi"
-----The surname Tong from the Mongolian tribe brought with them when most of Bao Road moved eastward
The above refers to the Chaoyang area In other regions, there are also different naming methods, such as:
Kalaqin Banner——(Annotation of Mongolian Chronicles)
Bohandai family----- -------------------------- (Today's surname is Yang)
Mangnut's name-------- ----------------------- (today's surname is He)
Zimmert ---------- ---------------------(Today's surname is Chen)
Zahazit's name------------ ------------------ (Today's surname is Yu)
Xin Chu Te's name ------------------ --------------- (Today's surname is Zhang)
Eltut clan --------------- ----------- (today's surname is Bai)
Bolut's name----------------------- ---------- (the current surname is Chen, also has the surname Li)
Harnut's surname---------- ------- --(Today's surname is Han)
Zala Chut's name------------------ ------(Today's surname is Tao, surnamed Qin)
Wuliangha family----------------------------- -------(Today's surname is Wu)
Borgi Jinshi----------------------------- ----(Today's surname is Bao)
All of the above are wealthy families
There are many Mongolians with the surname Wu in Tumotezuo Banner (Fuxin)
Tabu Nang -------------------------------------The family of the emperor's family surnamed Wu