Republic of Korea.
Abbreviation: Korea (? Korea)
brief introduction
South Korea is located in the south half of the Korean peninsula in the northeast of the Asian continent? East? South? Surrounded by the sea on three sides? It covers an area of 99,600 square kilometers, and the total length of the peninsula coastline is about 1.7 thousand kilometers (including the island coastline)? The northeast is high? Southwest is low, and mountains account for about 70%? It belongs to temperate monsoon climate, with annual average temperature of13 c and precipitation of about 1300 ~ 1500mm? The average temperature in winter is below zero? It's hottest in summer and August, 25 degrees Celsius? Three? Are you vulnerable to typhoons in April and early summer?
national flag
The Taiji Flag was first painted on a ship in August 1882 by Park Yong-hyo, an envoy sent to Japan, and today. It was officially adopted as the national flag of the Korean dynasty by Emperor Gaozong in 1883? 1On March 25th, 949, when it was determined to be the national flag of the Republic of Korea, the examination committee of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Province of Korea clearly stated that the horizontal and vertical ratio of Taiji flag was 3:2, the white background represented the land, the middle was Taiji II instrument, and there were four black hexagrams in the four corners. The circle of Tai Chi represents the people, and fish-shaped instruments bend up and down in the circle, with red on the top and blue on the bottom, representing Yang and Yin respectively, symbolizing the universe? Among the four hexagrams, the stem in the upper left corner indicates that Sanyang hexagrams represent heaven. Spring? East? Ren; Kun in the lower right corner is the land represented by Liuyin. Summer? West? Justice; The ridge in the upper right corner is four yin and one yang representing water. Autumn? South? Ceremony; The distance in the lower left corner is two yang and two yin representing fire. Winter? North? Wisdom? Does the overall pattern mean that everything moves forever in an infinite range? Balance and coordination, symbolizing oriental thought? Philosophy and mystery? National emblem: round? Hibiscus with five petals on a round face and a pattern of yin and yang in the middle? The ribbon says "Republic of Korea"?
Important festival
August 15 Commemorating the recovery from Japanese colonial rule (1945) and the founding of the Republic of Korea (1948);
65438+10.3 Tian Kai Festival, the legendary founding day of ancient Korea?
In addition, adult festival is also very important.
State dignitaries
President: Roh Moo-hyun, elected in June 5438+February 2002 and sworn in in in February 2003;
Premier: Han Dezhu, who took office in April 2007?
Human population
47.254 million, the country is a single Korean, Korean is commonly used, and the traditional national costume is Hanbok?
(Note: "Korean" and "Korean" are the same language; Korean and Korean belong to the same nation. )
religion
In Christianity? Buddhism is the mainstay?
The capital Seoul has a population of 9.796 million (2005)? From June 5438 to February 2003, the South Korean National Assembly passed the Special Law on the New Administrative Capital, and decided to move the administrative capital from Seoul to the central region? In August 2004, the Korean government finalized and officially announced the address of the new administrative capital. Yanqi-Zhougong, located in the middle of South Korea, will become the new administrative capital? The Korean government plans to start building a new administrative capital in Yanqi-Zhougong in July 2007, and build a city with a population of 300,000 in 2020 and 500,000 in 2030? 20 12-20 14 south Korea's main state administrative organs will move to the new administrative capital? In June 5438 +2004 10, the Korean Constitutional Court ruled that the Special Law on the New Administrative Capital passed by the South Korean National Assembly in February 2003 was unconstitutional? South Korean government's plan to move the administrative capital from Seoul to the central region will be forced to stop? June, 5438 +2005 10, Seoul Mayor Lee Myung-bak held a press conference in Seoul City Hall, announcing that the Chinese name of Seoul was changed to "Seoul"? Seoul has a long history. In ancient times, it was named "Hanyang" because it was located in the north of Hanshui River. /kloc-at the end of 0/4, the Korean dynasty made Hanyang its capital and renamed it "Seoul"? During the Japanese colonial rule of the Korean peninsula in modern times, Seoul was renamed as the "capital"? 1945 after the recovery of the Korean peninsula, it was renamed as proprietary Korean, and the Roman alphabet was marked "Seoul", meaning "capital"?
administrative division
There are 1 special cities: Seoul (old translation "Seoul") special city; No.9 Road: Gyeonggi Province? Gangwon? Chungcheongbuk-do Chungcheongnam-do? Gyeongsangbuk-do Jeollanam-do Jeollabuk-do? Gyeongsangnam-do? Jeju Road; 6 wide-area city: Busan? Daegu? Incheon? Gwangju? Daejeon Ulsan?
The development of history
The Republic of Korea was founded and Li Chengwan was elected as the first president? 1960 Li Chengwan stepped down in the national student movement? 196 1 park chung-hee launched a military coup and has been in power for a long time, during which the Korean economy achieved sustained and rapid growth? 1979 park chung-hee was assassinated and Quan Douhuan staged a coup. 1980 became president? 1987 under the pressure of the pro-democracy movement, the South Korean authorities amended the constitution and implemented direct presidential elections. In the same year, Lu Taiyu was elected as the 13 president? The 14 to 16 presidents were Jin Yongsan? Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun?
politics
South Korea's current constitution was adopted by referendum in 1987 10, and came into effect on February 25th, 1988? According to the new constitution, South Korea implements the separation of powers? The system of governing the country according to law? According to this new constitution, the president is the head of state and the commander of the national armed forces, representing the whole country in the government system and foreign relations. The president has a five-year term and cannot be re-elected? The president is the policy-maker at home and abroad, and can introduce legislative bills to Congress. At the same time, the president is also the country's chief executive, responsible for the implementation of various laws and regulations? The State Council, composed of 15-30 people and presided over by the president, exercises administrative functions? As the president's main administrative assistant, the prime minister is appointed by the president, but must be approved by the National Assembly? The prime minister has the right to participate in the formulation of important national policies? The president has no right to dissolve the national assembly, but the national assembly can restrict the president by initiating impeachment procedures, so that he can be ultimately responsible for the national constitution? South Korea implements a unicameral system? Congress is the national legislature with a four-year term and a speaker with a two-year term? The functions entrusted to Congress by the Constitution include not only making laws, but also approving the national budget? Foreign policy? The power to declare war on foreign countries and impeach the president? Korean courts are divided into three levels: grand courts? High Court and District Court? The grand court is the highest court, which is responsible for hearing appeals against the judgments of lower courts and military courts? The Chief Justice is appointed by the President and approved by Congress? The term of office of a justice is six years, and it is not renewable. He must abdicate at the age of 70?
South Korea's Constitutional Court's Basic National Defense Policy In the next 17 years, South Korea will establish a new type of army adapted to modern wars and form an "ubiquitous" army.
Cheongwadae, the official residence of the South Korean President, is located at Sejong Road 1, Zhonglu District, Seoul. This used to be the starting palace of the Koryo dynasty. 1426 After the Korean dynasty made Seoul its capital, as the back garden of Gyeongbokgung Palace, Longwutang was built. Buildings such as Qingnongzhai and Wushu training ground have also opened a piece of king's pro-farmland? 1927 After the Japanese invasion, all buildings except Wuyunge were destroyed and the official residence of the North Korean governor was established? 1945 after Japan surrendered, it became the official residence of the military and political chief? When the Republic of Korea was founded in August 1948, it became the official residence of the President and changed its name to Jingmutai? 1960 After the Li Chengwan regime was overthrown in April, Yin Pushan was elected president and entered Jingwutai? Soon, because Pu Yin was good at avoiding the word "Wu", in order to correspond to the White House, he named this group of buildings with white walls and blue tiles Cheongwadae, so some people called it "Cheongwadae"? Now the main building in Cheongwadae is the presidential residence, with the presidential office? Reception room? Conference room? There is a secretarial office in the bedroom and annex? Police room and welcome building, etc.
economy
Since1960s, the Korean government has successfully implemented economic policies focusing on growth. After the 1970s, it officially embarked on the track of economic development and created the world-famous "miracle of the Hanjiang River"? In the 1980s, South Korea changed its poverty and backwardness, presented a prosperous scene and became a competitive country in the international market? Now South Korea's economic strength is strong, steel? Cars? Shipbuilding? Electronic? Textile industry has become a pillar industry in Korea, among which shipbuilding and automobile manufacturing are world-renowned? South Korea's electronics industry is developing rapidly and it is one of the top ten countries in the world? In recent years, South Korea has attached great importance to IT industry, continuously increased investment, and its IT technology level and output rank among the top in the world? Korea used to be a traditional agricultural country? With the process of industrialization, the proportion of agriculture in the Korean economy is getting smaller and smaller, and its status is getting lower and lower? South Korea is a big importer of agricultural products, and its import volume tends to increase, but its agricultural market is extremely sensitive to foreign investment, and it is an economic sector with a small degree of opening to the outside world? South Korea's cultivated land area is 6.5438+0.95 million hectares, mainly distributed in the western and southern plains? Hilly areas account for about 22% of the total land area? There are few mineral resources in Korea. More than 280 kinds of minerals have been discovered, of which more than 50 kinds are of economic value? Is there any mineral iron with development and utilization value? Anthracite? Leadership? Zinc? Tungsten, etc. , but the reserves are not large? Due to the lack of natural resources, the main industrial raw materials depend on imports? The main industrial sector is steel? Cars? Shipbuilding? Electronic? Chemistry? Textile, etc? Posco is the second largest steel complex in the world? In 2002, the automobile output was 3.2 million, ranking sixth in the world? Shipbuilding order standard cargo ship tonnage is 7.59 million tons, ranking first in the world again? The electronics industry is dominated by high-tech intensive products, and it is one of the top ten countries in the world? Semiconductor integrated circuits are developing rapidly? South Korea has attached importance to the IT industry in recent years and continuously increased investment? Korea has beautiful scenery and many cultural and historical heritages? Tourism is relatively developed? The main tourist spots are Seoul (old translation "Seoul") Gyeongbokgung Palace? Deshou Palace? Chang gung palace? Changdeok Palace? National Museum? National Conservatory of Music? Sejong Cultural Center? Lake Rock Art Museum? Nanshan Tower? National Museum of Modern Art? Jianghua Island? Folk village? Panmunjom Gyeongju? Jeju island? Xueyueshan, etc? South Korea issued new versions of 1 1,000 won and 1 1,000 won banknotes, making it one of the oil-producing countries.
culture
Korea is a country with a long history and splendid culture, which has its own characteristics in literature and art? Korean art mainly includes painting? Calligraphy? Fingerprints? Craft? Decoration and so on. , not only inherited the national tradition, but also absorbed the specialties of foreign art? Korean painting can be divided into oriental painting and western painting. Oriental painting is similar to China's traditional Chinese painting, with a pen? Ink? Paper? Does inkstone represent various topics? Besides, there are all kinds of gorgeous genre paintings? With China? Like Japan, calligraphy is an elegant art form in Korea? Koreans are famous for their love of music and dance? Korean modern music can be roughly divided into "national music" and "western music"? National music can be divided into "elegant music" and "folk music". Elegant music is a sacrifice held by the feudal dynasty in Korea? The music played by professional bands at banquets and other ceremonies is generally called "formal music" or "court music"? Folk music has zaqu? Folk songs? Agricultural music, etc? Commonly used musical instrument Xuanqin? Gayatrin？ Sugarcane drum? One of the characteristics of Korean folk music such as flute is dancing? Korean dance attaches great importance to the shoulders of dancers? The rhythm of the arm? Does Tao have a fan? Carola? Drum? Korean dances are colorful, centering on folk dances and court dances? Korean dramas originated from prehistoric religious ceremonies, mainly including masks? A puppet show? Quyi? Singing opera? Drama and other five categories? Among them, the mask, also known as "mask dance", is a symbol of Korean culture and occupies an extremely important position in Korean traditional drama?
Koreans like sports very much, especially taking part in folk competitions? The main folk game is swinging? Step on the seesaw? Flying kites? Gods on the earth, etc? There are many kinds of folk sports activities in Korea, mainly Weiqi? Chess? Playing chess? Wrestling? Taekwondo? Skiing, etc?
Korean food is characterized by kimchi culture, and three meals a day are inseparable from kimchi? Korean traditional barbecue? Kimchi? Cold noodles have become a world famous dish?
Korea is a country that attaches great importance to education? There are thousands of colleges and universities in China. National Seoul National University? Yonsei University? Korea University and Ewha Women's University?