Tianshui, a beautiful name, a small town with beautiful mountains and rivers. It is pleasant all year round and is as clear as a song. It is known as the "Throat of the Northwest", "Gateway of Gansu" and "Longshang Jiangnan". Tianshui is named after the water. People have various conjectures that there is a mysterious "Tianshengsheng" "Water" theory, there are romantic legends about "water pouring into the Tianhe River", and there are also legends about "water falling from the sky", which are probably derived from the intuitive impression of Tianshui and even Gansu. Tianshui Maiji Mountain is named after water. "Heaven generates water" is quoted from the "Book of Changes": ""Heaven generates water, and the earth generates sixty percent of it", which is the explanation of natural phenomena by the Five Elements Theory. The ancients believed that heaven and earth have five directions, yin and yang combine with the five elements, heaven and earth live in the north, and the five elements in the north It belongs to water, so it is called ""Heaven generates water"". This statement is sublime and refined, but it does not seem to be directly related to the place name of Tianshui. ""Tianhe Water Injection" is a beautiful legend about the place name of Tianshui. It is said that during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Longyou area continued to Due to drought, one night the water from the Tianhe River suddenly poured down, forming a lake in the north of Shanggui City. The local drought eased, and the people named it "Tianshui Lake". The local official thought it was auspicious and reported it to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very happy after hearing this. He ordered the new county to be built next to the lake in Shanggui Beicheng and named it "Tianshui County". Regarding Tianshui Lake in Shanggui Beicheng, "Shui Jing Zhu" also recorded: "" Shang There is a lake in the city of Guibei, and a white dragon comes out of the lake. Wind and rain follow, so it is called Tianshui County. "It can be seen that there is indeed a lake in the north of Shangguang City, but unlike the legend, "Shui Jing Zhu" believes that Tianshui got its name because the white dragon in the lake stirred up wind and rain, so it was named Tianshui County. The beautiful legend of Tianshui borrowing the river is widely spread in Tianshui. Because of its romantic color, it is also people's faint memory of long history. 2. The establishment of Tianshui County From the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties, Tianshui County belonged to Longxi County in the third year of Yuanding of the Western Han Dynasty (114 BC). It is located in Pingxiang (today's Tongwei County, Gansu Province). Its jurisdiction is equivalent to Dingxi, Tongwei, Jingning, Zhuanglang, Qin'an, Gangu, Qingshui, Zhangjiachuan and other cities and counties in present-day Gansu Province, as well as part of Tianshui, Yuzhong, Longxi and other cities and counties. In the 17th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (74 years), Tianshui County was renamed Hanyang County and moved to Ji County (now Gansu County), with jurisdiction over thirteen cities. The name of Tianshui County in the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty was renamed "Shui Jing Zhu": "" Qishui. (Weishui River) passes north to the north of Hebei County. In the tenth year of Qin Wugong (688 BC), he attacked Ji Rong and conquered the county. Therefore, Tianshui County is governed. Wang Mang changed the name of Zhenrong County to Jizhi, and in the 17th year of Emperor Yongping of Han Ming Dynasty (74 years), it was renamed Hanyang County. The city was called Kuihuo and was the residence of the Western Bodhisattva. " (Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu·Weishui") Li Daoyuan clearly pointed out that Ji County was the county seat of Tianshui County. During the Western Jin Dynasty (266-316), Tianshui County moved to Shanggui (Qinzhou District, Tianshui City). Tianshui County was governed The moving diagram took about 380 years from the initial establishment of Tianshui County to the transfer to Shanggui in the Western Jin Dynasty, of which it lasted for 191 years in Pingxiang County (Tongwei County) and more than 190 years in Ji County (Gangu County). In other words, Tianshui County was established since its establishment. It was not in Shanggui County (Qinzhou District, Tianshui City) at the beginning. So, where does the legend of "Tianhe Water Injection" in Shanggui come from? 3. The legend of "Tianhe Water Injection" 1. Where is Tianshui Lake located in Shanggui, in the pre-Qin Dynasty? In the 10th year of Qin Wugong's reign (688 BC), the land was conquered and set up as Shanggui County. "Han County belongs to Longxi County. Emperor Wu established Tianshui County separately. The Later Han Dynasty divided Bi Dao and established Nan'an County. Later Wei changed Shanggui to Shangfeng. In the Sui Dynasty, Qinzhou was established in Shanggui. There is a lake in front of the state, which increases and decreases in four seasons, so it is named Tianshui County. "(Old Tang Book) mentioned here that Tianshui County was named because of the lake in front of the state. After careful analysis, it has two meanings: one is ""There is a lake in front of the state", which refers to the state established by the Sui Dynasty. Qinzhou, shows that at least in the Sui Dynasty, the lake was still there. Second, the sentence ""increases and decreases in the four seasons, hence the name Tianshui County" shows that Tianshui County was named because of the lake. This material reflects that during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, people The understanding of Tianshui County is very objective and rational, and has no mythical flavor.
Tianshui Folklore Museum So, when did the legend of "Tianhe Water Injection" take on the color of myth, and does it have any historical basis? First of all, it is certain that "Tianhe Water Injection" has its historical basis, that is, in the third year of Yuanding, Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty (114 BC) There is no doubt that Tianshui County was established. Secondly, it is said that the establishment of Tianshui County was due to Tianshui Lake, and this Tianshui Lake did exist. 2. The Myth of Tianshui Lake Tianshui Lake is in Tianshui, Gansu Province today. Seven miles south of the city. "Hanshu Geography" Tianshui County Note: Shigu said: "" "Qinzhou (District)" says that the lake in front of the county does not increase or decrease in winter and summer, so it is named after it. ""Qinzhou Ji" was written by Guo Zhongchan of the Liu Song Dynasty (420-479), which mentioned " "the lake in front of the county". Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) "Shui Jing Zhu": Tianshui County was governed by "" Five The cities are connected to each other. There is a lake in the north city, and a white dragon comes out of the lake. Wind and rain followed, so in the third year of Yuanding, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was changed to Tianshui County. "The Shui Jing Zhu records that Tianshui Lake is located in Beicheng, and it has a mythological color. Among the documents before the Tang Dynasty, the only one with a mythical color is the Shui Jing Zhu, and other geographical records are named after the lake in front of the county or state. . It is worth mentioning that the myth about Tianshui Lake in "Shui Jing Zhu" is not that "the Tianhe River fills with water" as people say, but that "a white dragon emerges from the lake, and wind and rain follow it." It can be seen that "The legend of "Tianhe Water Injection" has no documentary basis, it is just people's oral tradition. 3. "The legend of "Tianhe Water Injection" in ancient documents only records that Tianshui County got its name because there is a lake in front of the county and there is no Tianhe Water Injection Even if there is a legend about the white dragon coming out of the lake in "Shui Jing Zhu", it has nothing to do with the filling of the Tianhe River. In addition, there is another important fact. When Tianshui County was first established, it should be in Pingxiang County (Tongwei County). ), Tianshui County moved to Shanggui after 380 years. Therefore, there is no documented record of the Tianhe River flooding, and it is misaligned with the real history. Therefore, the legend should be a folk legend formed after the Tang Dynasty. The historical truth of the legend of the Tianhe water filling 1. ""Like coming from the sky"" and the connection between heaven and man. The Milky Way, the name of the astrology used by the ancients, believed that it originated from the east Ji and Ojian and was divided into north and south paths. It is actually a galaxy composed of countless stars. , the starry night appears in the shape of a silvery white band, shaped like a river, hence the name. It is also called the Galaxy, Tianhan, Yunhan, Milky Way, etc. The Tianhe in the legend of Tianshui is the Milky Way in the sky, which is a romantic name. In the case of drought and no rain, the ancients had a long-cherished wish for good weather. However, there is indeed a river called Tianhe near Tianshui, which is a tributary of Hanshui in the west of Yunxi County, Hubei Province. Tianhe " " is one mile southwest of the county. Leaving the Huming Valley in the northwest of the county, driving down the mountain, passing through the south of the county to the Han River, it looks like it came from heaven, hence the name. "" "Like coming from heaven" tells the reason why the ancients named the river ""Tianhe"", and is also a circumstantial evidence of the origin of Tianshui Lake. It contains the idea of ????relationship between heaven and man. Dong Zhongshu of the Han Dynasty inherited the disaster theory of "Gongyang Zhuan", It is believed that " " the country will be defeated by injustice, and God will send disasters first to warn. "Emphasis on ""Heaven and man merge into one". This idea was very popular in the Han Dynasty. The reign name of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Tianhan (100 BC-97 BC), is a true reflection of it. Tianshui "" Tianhe Water Filling "The legend is based on the deduction and interpretation of the idea of ??induction between heaven and man in the Han Dynasty. 2. A true reflection of natural phenomena. Legend has it that the Tianshui area in the early Han Dynasty suffered from years of wars and years of drought, and the people were in dire straits. One night, suddenly the sky was filled with strong winds and thunder and lightning. , a red light shot towards the ground. Suddenly, the earth shook, there was a loud thunder, and a large crack opened in the ground. Only the river water from the sky poured down into the crack, forming a lake called "Tianshui Lake". "Spring never dries up, summer never overflows, and the four seasons are graceful." People say that this lake is connected to the Tianhe River, and they also call it "Tianshui Well." This legend probably reflects a major earthquake, and Tianshui Lake should have appeared after an earthquake. The Western Han Dynasty was the second period of frequent natural disasters in the history of my country since the pre-Qin Dynasty. There were 186 natural disasters in the 210 years of the Western Han Dynasty. The major earthquakes in central and eastern Gansu in the early Han Dynasty were: February 193 BC (Hanhui). Emperor's second year) 35.4N 103.9E hit Lintao, Gansu Province, with a magnitude of 6-7, affecting more than 400 homes.
February 22, 186 BC (the second year after Han Gao) 33.8N 105.6E struck Wudu, Gansu Province, with a magnitude of 6-7, killing 760 people. (Zheng Lianda, "Research on the Regularity of Major Earthquakes") During the 54 years of Emperor Wu's reign, there were three earthquakes. "Hanshu" records that in 131 BC, there was an earthquake in May. Forgive the world. "Xichang County Chronicles" records: ""In the early Yuanding period, there was an earthquake and the county collapsed into silt." A major earthquake with a magnitude of 8-9 occurred in Xichang. The epicenters of these recorded earthquakes that occurred in the early Han Dynasty were not far from Tianshui. It is most likely the cause of the formation of a barrier lake in Gui County, Tianshui. Therefore, the legend of Tianhe water injection should be a true reflection of this natural disaster in the early Han Dynasty. 3. ""Tianhe water injection"" is a good wish of people. The legend is mainly popular in Qinzhou District of Tianshui City, that is, in ancient times, there is no such legend in other counties and districts. Even in Qinzhou District, there are differences on the location of the Tianshui Gong Sacrifice to Fuxi City. The tributary of the Wei River - Juishui, pronounced Xihe by Tianshui people, was called Yangshui in ancient times. The Juishui River passes through the city in the west of Qinzhou and flows into the Weihe River in Maiji District, Tianshui City. The urban area of ??the city is also the place where it has been said for a long time that "the Tianhe River is filled with water". "It is believed that Tianshui County in the southwest of Tianshui City is the place where ""Tianhe River is filled with water"". The "Shui Jing Zhu" records that Tianshui County is governed by ""Five cities are connected. There is a lake in the north city, and a white dragon emerges from the lake. Wind and rain follow." , so in the third year of Yuanding, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was changed to Tianshui County. "Based on this, it can be seen that the ancients believed that Tianshui Lake was in the north of the city, while today's people believe that it is in the west of the city. The two are quite different. It can be seen that the legend of "Tianhe Water Injection" is only a deduction based on history and has no real evidence. The only historical basis is The fusion and imagination of the historical phenomena in the Tianshui area expresses the admiration for natural forces and the wish for a better life. Wen Shijun said that Tianshui, a beautiful city with a long history, has many speculations about the origin of its name, " " "Tianhe Fills Water" is a legend full of romanticism. This legend has its historical basis, but there is a time and space deviation. The place where Tianshui County was first established was not in Qinzhou (Shanggui), and there are also differences in the location of Tianshui Lake, so it is just a legend among people. Even so, it will not affect the spread of the legend in the Tianshui area, but will add a mysterious color, which is not the result of people's spiritual activities.