A brief introduction to Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty Liu Xun
A brief introduction to the life of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty Liu Xun
Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty Liu Xun, whose real name was Liu Bingji, also had the courtesy name Ciqing and Mou. After taking the throne, he was renamed Liu Xun, the seventh emperor of the Western Han Dynasty. The great-grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the grandson of the deposed prince Liu Zhi.
In the second year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's Zhenghe, the "Witch Gu Disaster" broke out. Liu Bingji's grandfather, the then crown prince Liu Zhi, and his father, the grandson of Emperor Shi Liu Jin, were both killed because of this. Liu Jin, who was just born, was also killed. The illness was also thrown into prison. Because some people said that there was an emperor's spirit in Chang'an Prison, Emperor Wu ordered all the prisoners to be executed. Bing Ji, the Tingwei Supervisor, argued hard and saved Liu Bingji's life. Emperor Wu revoked the order the next day. Since he was still a baby, Bing Ji chose two female prisoners to be his wet nurses in prison. After Liu Ju's case was resolved, Liu Bing had been living in his grandmother Shi Liangdi's natal family. In 75 BC, he married Xu Pingjun.
In the first year of Yuanping, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty died, and his nephew Liu He, king of Changyi, was proclaimed emperor by Huo Guang, Huo Qubing's half-brother. Liu He did 1,127 ridiculous things within 27 days of taking the throne and was deposed. Bing Ji, who was the doctor of Guanglu at that time, recommended Liu Bingji to Huo Guang, so Huo Guang established Liu Bingji, who was 19 years old at the time, as emperor, which was Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty.
When Emperor Xuan first came to the throne, political affairs depended on Guang. The court officials and the Empress Dowager Shangguan all believed that Huo Guang's youngest daughter Huo Chengjun should be made the queen. However, Emperor Xuan missed his old friendship and "ordered Wei Shi's old sword", so the officials decided to make Xu Pingjun his queen. Huo Guang's wife was obviously very angry and sent someone to kill Queen Xu in the third year of this year. Huo Guang instructed Emperor Xuan not to pursue the matter. The following year, Huo Chengjun got his wish and became the queen.
Huo Guang died of illness in the second year of Dijie. Emperor Xuan began to take charge and gradually began to deprive the Huo family of their power. The Huo family began to feel fear. In the fourth year of Dijie, the Huo family attempted to launch a coup. The incident was exposed and the family was exterminated. Queen Huo was also deposed in the same year.
Because Emperor Xuan had lived among the people for a long time and was well aware of the sufferings of the people, during his reign, he governed the country diligently and frugally, further confirming the status of Confucianism. He also relaxed people's minds and had strict requirements for ministers, especially Emperor Xuan who was in charge. From then on, the politics of the Han Dynasty became clearer and the social economy became more prosperous. During his twenty years in power, he focused on purging officials and strengthening imperial power. Not only did he annihilate the corrupt Huo family, he also killed some high-status, corrupt officials. In order to maintain the normal operation of the law, Emperor Xuan set up a censor to review the severity of the sentencing of court officials; he set up court officials to be held in local prisons, and required the county and state to report the number of prisoners who were beaten to death. In addition to paying attention to people's lives, he also strengthened the central government's control over local governments. control. In addition, Emperor Xuan summoned famous Confucian scholars to discuss the similarities and differences of the Five Classics in Weiyang Palace, with the purpose of consolidating imperial power and unifying thought. Others include abolishing some harsh laws, repeatedly exempting land rents and calculating taxes, recruiting exiles, and continuing Huo Guang's policies in developing agricultural production. When it comes to relations with surrounding ethnic minorities, both soft and hard tactics are used. He defeated the Xiqiang and defeated the Che division. At that time, civil strife broke out among the Xiongnu. In the third year of Ganlu's reign, Hu Hanxie Chanyu went to Wuyuan Fortress in person and asked to join the dynasty as a vassal. He became a vassal of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Xuan was able to complete the unfinished work of Emperor Wu who devoted all his power to the army.
During the reign of Emperor Xuan, "officials were competent in their duties and the people were safe and secure", which was known as the "Zhongxing". It should be said that the reign of Emperor Xuan was the time when the Han Dynasty had the strongest military force and the most prosperous economy. Therefore, history books He greatly praised Emperor Xuan and said: "The rule of Xiaoxuan, trustworthy rewards must be punished, and civilized and martial arts can be called ZTE." His reign and that of his predecessor Liu Fuling, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty, were collectively known as Zhaoxuan Zhongxing.
In the first year of Huanglong, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty passed away. He reigned for 25 years at the age of 44. His posthumous title was Emperor Xiaoxuan and his temple name was Zhongzong. He was buried in Duling in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an today.
During the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, China further strengthened China's influence on the Western Regions. In 60 BC, the Xiongnu returned to the Han Dynasty, ending the 150-year war between the Han and Xiongnu tribes since the siege of Baitian by the Han Emperor. state and thus transitioned into a period of peace. History says that Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty "has clear politics and religion, enforces laws, has a secure border, and has clear borders. The Chan Yu has a lot of money, the world is prosperous, and the people are happy. His rule is better than that of Taizong. Emperor Xuan is the only person in Chinese history who was imprisoned before he came to the throne."
The "folk emperor" of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xun, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty
Generally speaking, emperors come from the folk, which only happens when dynasties change: such as the well-known Han Emperor Liu Bang , Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang was born as a commoner. He neither started a business nor usurped the throne. He was completely inherited from the family line, but choosing a person from the common people was not only an unprecedented curiosity, but also an unprecedented strange thing.
< p>Liu Xun, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, was first named Jiji, but later changed his name to Xun.Judging from his real name, we know that he was born with a weak body. In order to pray for a speedy recovery, he was named "Sickness". Not only was he born sick and weak, but his circumstances were also rough. He spent his childhood in prison and grew up among the people. Before he came to the throne, he was a common man. Because his status as a commoner hindered the succession to the throne, the Empress Dowager first granted him the title of Marquis of Yangwu before allowing him to ascend the throne as emperor. When he became emperor, he felt that this name was too tacky, so he changed his name to "Xun", with the courtesy name Ciqing and his posthumous title Emperor Xuan.
Children go to jail for a reason. When Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty was born, that is, in the second year of the Zhenghe reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the "Witch Rebellion" occurred. The so-called witchcraft is the practice of shamans burying wooden figures for sacrifice and cursing to kill people. It is a heresy that confuses the public. In the early Han Dynasty, witchcraft was strictly prohibited, and tens of thousands of people died due to witchcraft. Because as long as the wooden figure is found as evidence, the serious crime of intentional homicide can be determined. Therefore, if you want to frame someone, you often say that someone has a wooden figure buried in a certain place, which constitutes the prison of witchcraft.
In the second year of Zhenghe, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was sixty-six years old, and the crown prince Liu Zhi was also thirty-nine years old. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had six boys, and Liu Zheng was the first boy born to him by Wei Zifu, a former palace singer. When Liu Zheng was seven years old, he was named the crown prince, and Wei Zifu became the queen. The queen's younger brother was Wei Qing, who had made great achievements in conquering the Huns. He died 15 years ago. Wei Qing, the son of Wei Qing's second sister Huo Qubing in "Bo Gu Ye", made military exploits in his early years. He was 10 years earlier than Wei Qing and died at the tender age of twenty-four.
The Witch Gu Rebellion occurred in the autumn and July of the second year of Zhenghe. In the spring of the first month of the same year, Queen Wei's eldest brother-in-law Gongsun He and his son Gongsun Jingsheng died due to the Witch Gu Prison. The beginning of chaos. The reason was that Gongsun Jingsheng was appointed as a servant, he was arrogant and extravagant and did not follow the law, and he used the money of the Northern Army well. At that time, noble relatives and close officials who were impeached were promised money to atone for their sins and sent to the Northern Army, hence the name Northern Army money, which amounted to tens of millions. Gongsun Jingsheng was imprisoned after his violation of the law was discovered, and his father Gongsun He tried every means to rescue him. It happened that the emperor issued an edict to capture Zhu Anshi, the leader of the underworld in Jiangling. Gongsun He was the prime minister at the time, and he personally arrested Zhu Anshi to atone for the sin of his son Gongsun Jingsheng. Zhu Anshi was not an easy man. After he was imprisoned, he laughed and said, "The prime minister is going to bring trouble to the clan!" Then he wrote a letter from prison, accusing Gongsun Jingsheng of having an affair with Princess Yangshi and using witchcraft to curse the emperor. Therefore, Prime Minister Gongsun He was also imprisoned, and both his father and son died in prison. Princess Zhuyi and Princess Yangshi also died due to witchcraft. These two princesses were both the daughters of Queen Wei.
The Crown Prince Liu Ju was benevolent and gentle. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was very happy with his achievements, "suspected that his talents were few and not similar to his own." Empress Wei and the Crown Prince were often uneasy. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty noticed the uneasiness of their mother and son, and once said to the general Wei Qing:
The Han family created the common affairs and invaded China with foreign barbarians. If I do not change the system, future generations will be unable to do so. If we don't send troops to conquer, the world will be uneasy. We have to work hard for this. If future generations do what I did, it will be a sign of attacking and destroying Qin. The prince is loyal and quiet, and he will be able to bring peace to the world and not worry me. I hope that the Lord who keeps the text will be more virtuous than the prince!
And asked Wei Qing to tell his sister, Empress Wei, and his nephew, the Crown Prince, not to worry about this matter.
After Wei Qing's death, Queen Wei and the Crown Prince lost the outside influence they could rely on. Therefore, there are often villains who want to frame the prince and deceive him into being weak and helpless, and use this to curry favor with Emperor Wu's favorite Madam Gou Yi and his son. Jiang Chong, the captain of Shuiheng, was one of them. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty fell ill and was recuperating in Ganquan Palace, Jiang Chong falsely reported: "There is poison in the palace." He falsely accused the prince of burying a wooden figure in the palace for sacrifice, saying that the emperor's illness was caused by witchcraft. In desperation, the crown prince took the initiative and beheaded Jiang Chong and the wizard Tan He who had colluded with him. He also sent Sheren Wujie into the palace and asked Queen Wei to send troops to suppress Jiang Chong's remaining party.
When Emperor Wu heard about changes in Chang'an at Ganquan Palace, he summoned Ren An, the envoy of the Northern Army, to send troops into the city and fight with the prince's soldiers for five days. The prince was defeated and fled to Quanjiu in Hu County to hide. In August, Emperor Wu rounded up the prince, who committed suicide, and his two grandsons were also killed. Empress Wei and the Crown Princess were sentenced to death and executed successively.
This was the first palace chaos since the founding of the Han Dynasty, known as the "Witch Rebellion" in history.
The crown prince had a grandson in the second year of Zhenghe. During the Wu Gu Rebellion, his two sons died together with him, leaving this grandson, the great-grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was sick and not killed. Instead, he was taken to prison by a nanny and fed with the breasts of female prisoners. . This baby who was born as a prisoner became Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty.
After he was released from prison, he was adopted into his grandmother's family.
A man named Xu Guanghan married his daughter to a sick man and asked someone to teach him the Book of Songs, The Analects of Confucius, and The Classic of Filial Piety. She was already eighteen years old and had a son.
In 74 BC, he was called into the palace and ascended the throne as Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty.
Why did Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty only live for 42 years?
Emperor Han Yuan was worried about the country and the people.
Emperor Han Yuan was fond of Confucianism, had a weak character, and lacked independence and decisiveness. In other words, he was a man who loved his country and his people but had no ability to do so. During his sixteen years in office, there were disasters almost every year. The following is the disaster situation during the reign of Emperor Han Yuan:
In the second year, that is, in June of 48 BC, infectious diseases became prevalent. In September, floods caused disasters in Kanto and a great famine occurred. In some places, people even killed each other and cooked and ate the corpses.
In February of the third year, an earthquake occurred in Longxi, destroying the city and houses, and crushing many people to death; in June, there was a famine in Guandong, and people in the whole area ate each other; in July, there was another earthquake.
In the spring of the fourth year, people in Shannan County, Zhuzhou County rebelled; in April, a fire broke out in the Maoling White Crane Pavilion; in the summer, there was a drought.
In the fifth year, in April of summer, there were stars in the ginseng.
In the sixth year, the first year of Yongguang, it snowed heavily in March, the summer was cold, the sun was blue and dull, and there was frost in September, which damaged countless crops and caused a great famine in the world.
In the seventh year, there was a solar eclipse in March, and in July, the Qiang people in Longxi rebelled.
In November of the eighth year, there was an earthquake and heavy rain.
In June of the ninth year, there was a fire and a solar eclipse.
In the autumn of the tenth year, a flood occurred in Yingchuan County, drowning many people. The Yellow River bursts in Qinghe County.
List of 24 emperors of the Han Dynasty
List of emperors of the Han Dynasty: Han Taizu Liu Bang, Han Hui Emperor Liu Ying, Han Shao Emperor Liu Gong, Han Shao Emperor Liu Hong, Han Wen Emperor Liu Heng , Han Jing Emperor Liu Qi, Han Wu Emperor Liu Che, Han Zhao Emperor Liu Fuling, Han Deposed Emperor Liu He, Han Xuan Emperor Liu Xun, Han Yuan Emperor Liu_, Han Cheng Emperor Liu Ao, Han Ai Emperor Liu Xin, Han Ping Emperor Liu_, Han Ruzi Liu Ying, Wang Mang, Han Gengshi Emperor Liu Xuan, Founding Emperor Liu Penzi, Han Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu, Han Ming Emperor Liu Zhuang, Han Zhang Emperor Liu_, Han He Emperor Liu Zhao, Han Shang Emperor Liu Long, Han An Emperor Liu Hu, Eastern Han Dynasty The former Young Emperor Liu Yi, the Han Emperor Shun Liu Bao, the Han Chong Emperor Liu Bing, the Han Zhi Emperor Liu Zuan, the Han Emperor Huan Liu Zhi, the Han Ling Emperor Liu Hong, the later Eastern Han Dynasty Young Emperor Liu Bian, and the Han Xian Emperor Liu Xie.
Why did Liu Che dare to sleep with Huo Qubing? "Historical Records" does mention that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was "lucky" to Huo Qubing. pass. The original text is this: "It's the same year, Huo Qubing, the sister of the general, is eighteen years old. Fortunately, he is serving the emperor." The translation of this sentence is: "In this year, Huo Qubing, the son of the general Wei Qing's sister, is eighteen years old. He was favored by the emperor and became the emperor's attendant." Here it is written that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was "lucky" to Huo Qubing. The meaning of "lucky" is "favor, love, preference", which is similar to the emperor's favoring of the queen and concubines. "Fortunately" is different. Because the word "lucky" has multiple meanings, it does not just refer to the emperor favoring the queen, concubines, beauties in the harem, etc. Indeed, in ancient times, the word "lucky" was mostly used for emperors, but it can be understood in four categories: The first category refers to the emperor bringing happiness and luck to the people, such as "Hanshu·Gaodiji": "May The king brings good luck to the world." This sentence means: I hope that the king will bring good luck to the people. Therefore, Yan Shigu's annotation is: "All blessings and joys are called luck." The second category refers to the emperor going to a certain place or traveling, which is the so-called "imperial visit", such as "visiting for luck" and "traveling for luck". The third category refers to the emperor's love for his concubine. For example, there is a sentence in "The Biography of General Wei Qiaoqi" that "Mrs. Wang is lucky to be above you." The fourth category refers to the emperor's love and preference for his ministers. "The Biography of General Wei Qiaoqi" not only writes that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty doted on Huo Qubing, but also writes that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty doted on Huo Qubing's son. Please read the original text: "Yan Shao, whose courtesy name is Zihou, "If you love him, he will be strong and you will take care of him." This sentence contains both "love" and "luck", both of which refer to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's love for his ministers. It is precisely for this reason that the latest edition of "Cihai" notes "favor" as "the emperor's favor for his ministers and concubines." Why did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "dote" on Huo Qubing so much? You can get a glimpse of it from the brief introduction of the deeds below. Huo Qubing has a legendary life experience. He is the son of Wei Shao'er, a female slave in Princess Pingyang's Mansion, and Huo Zhongru, a small official in Pingyang County. Huo Qubing's father did not dare to admit that he had an affair with the princess's slave girl, so Huo Qubing could only be born as an illegitimate son.
Soon after, Huo Qubing's aunt Wei Zifu entered the harem of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and became quite favored. The fate of the Wei family changed from then on, and Huo Qubing's life also improved. The Western Han Dynasty was often invaded by the Huns. As a nomadic people, the Huns almost regarded the Han Dynasty, which relied on farming, as their own storehouse, and they burned, killed, and looted everything. Facing the Huns' cavalry who came and went without a trace, the Han army in the early stage had fewer victories and more defeats. They could only rely on the defense line of the Great Wall to hold on, or hope to exchange for temporary peace with marriage and a large amount of "dowry" property. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty hoped to change this situation. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty worshiped Wei Qing as a chariot and cavalry general and asked him to lead the army out of the fortress. Wei Qing went straight to Longcheng and killed 700 enemies. After that, Wei Qing began to gradually show his military talent, and went on many expeditions with brilliant results. Huo Qubing had a close relationship with his uncle Wei Qing since he was a child. Under Wei Qing's influence, he became proficient in riding and shooting at a very young age. In 123 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty planned a large-scale counterattack against Hungary. Huo Qubing volunteered to fight, led 800 soldiers, and created a unique "long-distance attack strategy", winning the first battle. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immediately named him "Champion Marquis". In the spring of 121 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Huo Qubing as a hussar general and asked him to lead 10,000 elite troops to attack the Xiongnu alone. The nineteen-year-old commander-in-chief Huo Qubing fought a beautiful roundabout battle. In 119 BC, in order to completely eliminate the main force of the Xiongnu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched the "Mobei War" of unprecedented scale. Huo Qubing led his troops to attack for more than 2,000 miles, wiping out more than 70,000 enemies with the loss of 15,000 soldiers. Huo Qubing chased him all the way to the Langjuxu Mountain area. When you reach the foot of the mountain, you can see that powerful enemies are far away. So Huo Qubing ordered people to pile up soil and increase the mountain, then climbed to the top of the mountain, facing the Central Plains in the south, set up an altar to worship heaven and earth, held a ceremony to worship heaven and earth at Langjuxu Mountain, held a Zen ceremony to worship earth at Guyan Mountain, and built a statue on the mountain. A monument was built to commemorate this place being adopted as Han territory. After sealing the wolf to Juxu, Huo Qubing continued to lead his army to pursue the Xiongnu in depth, and fought all the way to the vast sea before returning. After this battle, "the Huns fled far away, and there was no royal court in Monan." After this decisive battle, the Xiongnu border troubles that had harmed the Han Dynasty for more than a hundred years have been basically resolved. Huo Qubing and his achievement of "closing the wolf under Xu" became the lifelong goal of all generations of Chinese military strategists. Huo Qubing has a famous saying that is still popular today. That was when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Huo Qubing to build a palace, but Huo Qubing refused. He said: "The Huns are not destroyed, so there is no way to live in a home."
Han Xuan Emperor Liu Xun
Han Xuan Emperor Liu Xun, formerly known as Liu Bingji, courtesy name Ciqing, was the tenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, the great-grandson of Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the grandson of the violent prince Liu Ju, and the son of Liu Jin, the grandson of the historical emperor.
In the second year of Zhenghe, after the witchcraft disaster, the infant Liu Bing was also taken to the county prison. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, he encountered amnesty and was raised by his grandmother Shi Jia. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Ye Ting to raise his children. Zongzheng recorded his family name and grew up in Ye Ting. In the first year of Yuanping, Liu He, the king of Changyi, was deposed by Huo Guang and other ministers. He was welcomed into the palace and granted the title of Marquis of Yangwu. He then ascended the throne at the age of eighteen and changed the Yuan Dynasty to "Benshi" the following year.