Why is it strange for people to get names during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period?

Surname is a title that marks the family system, and it is a prerequisite for people to engage in social communication, involving thousands of families and every member of society. However, the surname we are talking about now is not the same concept as the original surname, but contains the ancient surname and surname. The surname of the Chinese nation originated in the early days of the matriarchal clan commune in primitive society. People thought that each clan was related to some kind of animal, plant or inanimate object, and often used it as the name of the clan, that is, the nickname of the clan. This is totem. "Totem" is an Indian language, meaning "his kin"; Marx clearly pointed out in the Abstract of Morgan: "Totem is the symbol of clan". Some totems were later transformed into people's surnames. Because the children at that time knew their mother, but not their father, the surname was the title of a clan with the same blood relationship, that is, all the members under a clan name came from a matriarchal ancestor. The word "surname" belongs to knowing, and the ancient form is composed of "person" and "life", which means that people are born and are surnames because of life. The combination of "female" and "sheng" into a surname word was first seen in the stone "Curse Chu Wen" in Qin State, which means that a woman is born with a surname and born with a surname. Therefore, many surnames in China's early days, such as Ji, Si, Jiang and Ying, all had the word "female". Shi is a branch derived from surname, which appeared late and originated from patriarchal clan society. It is the title of ancient aristocratic symbol clan system. The word-making method of "Shi" is pictographic, which existed as early as in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and was interpreted as woody, that is, the root of plants; Later, it was renamed as surname, which means the source of water and the fundamental meaning of wood. "Zuo Zhuan's Eight Years of Hidden Gong" records: "The son of heaven, Jiande, was born with a surname and was born in the land." That is to say, the emperor made a virtuous man a vassal, gave him a surname according to his birth lineage, enfeoffed his land and named his surname according to the fief. It can be seen that surnames and surnames in the pre-Qin period have a very close relationship and are two different concepts. From the social function, the difference between the two is that the surname is the basis for deciding whether to marry, while the surname is used to distinguish between the noble and the humble. As Zheng Qiao, a historian in the Southern Song Dynasty, said in "A Brief Introduction to Tongzhi Clan": "The surname is different from the noble and the noble, while the noble has the surname, and the lowly has no surname ... The surname is different from the marriage, so there are differences between the same surname, different surname and ordinary surname. If the surname is different, the marriage can be passed; Marriage is impossible for people with different surnames. "

During the Warring States period, when the patriarchal clan system of slavery collapsed, surnames were no different from surname, and they became symbols indicating individuals and the families they were born into, which is what Zheng Qiao said: "After three generations (namely Xia, Shang and Wednesday dynasties), surnames became one, so they all said goodbye to marriage, and looked at the noble and the humble with the ground. It was Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty who officially mixed surnames in written records. He wrote in the History that Qin Shihuang said "surname Liu". Since then, either the surname, the surname, or both surnames have the same meaning, that is, they actually refer to surnames. Nevertheless, people living in feudal society still have the distinction of being expensive and cheap, and the basis for the distinction is to see whether there is a "ground view", that is, "looking at the ground to see the noble and cheap." Diwang is the "county hope" commonly used in the ancient books of surnames, which refers to the noble families in each county from Wei, Jin to Sui and Tang Dynasties, meaning that they lived in a county and looked up to it locally. With the emergence of surnames, the study of surnames has gradually emerged. There are 15 Shi Ben edited by Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi, which are said to have been written by historians during the Warring States Period, and are the earliest ancient books in China to systematically record the origin of surnames. Since then, there have been endless works named after me, such as "Urgent Chapter" written by Shi You in the Western Han Dynasty; In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were Wang Fu's "Qian Fu Lun Zhi Shi's Surname" and Ying Shao's "Custom Tongyi Surname"; In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were He Chengtian's Surname Garden, Wang Jian's Surname Spectrum, Wang Sengru's Hundred Families Spectrum and Xu Mian's Hundred Families Spectrum. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, there was Wei Shou's Wei Shu Guan Shi Zhi; In the Tang Dynasty, there were official records of clans, Liu Chong's records of Datang surnames, Wei Shu's Kai Yuan Pu, Liu Fang's Yong Qin Pu, Zhang Jiuling's surname Yuan Yun Pu, and Lin Bao's Yuan He surname Compilation. In the Song Dynasty, there were Hundreds of Surnames written by Anonymous, Surnames Interpretation written by Shao Si, Surnames Urgent, Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surnames Written by Deng Mingshi, and Records of Family Names Written by Zheng Qiao. In the Ming Dynasty, there were "Thousands of Surnames" written by Wu Shen and "The Genealogy of Ancient and Modern Surnames" written by Ling Di-zhi. In the Qing Dynasty, there were Xiong Junyun's Annotations on Newly Compiled Clans, Ren Ruohai's Surnames in Taiping Tuhua, and Zhang Shu's Surnames Seeking the Source, and so on. Although these surname books have some limitations due to the constraints of the times, they can still provide many useful materials for today's surname research. So, how many surnames have China people had since ancient times? According to the report of Half-monthly Talk, "there are as many as 11,939 surnames of the Chinese nation". These surnames have a long history, are rich and colorful, and almost all of them have a history. They all contain a vivid and interesting story. To sum up, they are classified into the following dozens of sources: First, taking the country name as the surname. During the Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties, especially the Zhou Dynasty, vassal states, large and small, were all over China, and the royal families of many countries took country names as their surnames. Second, take the names of cities, pavilions and townships as surnames. A city refers to a fief, also called a food city, a land acquisition or a fief. It is a land that was sealed to Qing and doctors by governors during the slave society, including slaves working on the land. Villages and pavilions are all ancient administrative divisions. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were generally ten miles and one pavilion. There are about 12,5 households in each township, and ten pavilions are one township. Third, take the place of residence as the surname. Generally speaking, people who have no land use this method, among which there are many compound surnames, most of which indicate the place of residence in different environments. Fourth, take the name or word of the ancestor as the surname. 5. Take the ancestral posthumous title as the surname. After the death of ancient emperors, governors and doctors, the titles added to praise and criticize good and evil according to their life behavior are called overflow names. Sixth, take the title as the surname. The title of title is the rank granted to the nobility by the monarchy. Seven, take the ranking of relatives as the surname. Eight, take the official position as the surname. Nine, take the skill as the surname. 1. Take virtue or what you have heard as your surname. 11. Change one's surname because of giving it or avoiding it. The given surname is the surname given by the son of heaven and the emperor to his subjects. Taboo means that you can't directly say or write the names of emperors or relatives. 12. Change one's surname because of avoiding enmity and disaster. Thirteen, the minority surname and its change. The original surnames of Xiongnu, Xianbei, Qiang, Shi, Jie and other ethnic minorities in ancient north, west and northwest have been changed into single surnames after many ethnic integrations, and some of them have been integrated with the surnames of Han nationality. XIV. Others.