Among them, Yi Shi Shangshu Square and Du Xian Square in Jixi County, Anhui Province, Xidi Lake Wenguang Cishi Square in yi county, Anhui Province, Guo Xushi Square and Wu Shifang in Shexian County, Zhenbailifang in Shexian County, Shanxi Province, Xiangfu Stone Archway in Yangcheng County, Shandong Province, IV Baogong Archway in Huantai County, Sifang in Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, Xiaolianzhuang Archway in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and Beizhen City, Liaoning Province.
Yi Shi Shangshufang is located in Dakengkou Village, Yingzhou Township, Jixi County. Built in 1562. Three bedrooms, four columns and five floors, with a height of10m and a width of 9m. The main structure consists of four columns, four fixing plates and seven foreheads.
The overall structure of the archway adopts the way of side foot, which converges inward, and the four columns wipe the edges and corners, that is, the so-called "corner column"; The north-south direction of the column is supported by drum stones, creating a dignified, steady and proud aesthetic effect; The roof of the square is mountain-facing, made of tea garden slate, supported by bucket arches and overhangs.
The anchovies at both ends of the main ridge face each other, and the flame beads are put in the middle of the main ridge, and the octagonal takes off. In the center of the main building, a vertical "Rong En" plaque is installed, and the periphery of the plaque is embossed with a double dragon pearl.
On the north and south sides of the lower flower board, two scrolls, Yi Shi Shangshu and Yi Shi Baogong, are engraved respectively. Calligraphy is vigorous and fluent, with extraordinary charm. It was written by Wen Zhiming, a great calligrapher.
Yi Shi Shangshufang's four fixed plates are inlaid with two rows, and then decorated with lotus petals. The beam-column joints are decorated with flowers and teeth.
The carving patterns on the forehead are very exquisite, and craftsmen have devoted their skills in carving techniques, using techniques such as round carving, through carving, deep relief, shallow relief and hollow carving to make the beautiful and vivid picture leap from the stone.
Kunpeng spreads his wings, cranes soar, Tai Shi rolls the ball, and Shuanglong plays with pearls. Exquisite and profound layout, giving people beautiful artistic enjoyment.
In particular, a set of pictures in the middle of the forehead to the north is even more magical. Craftsmen use stones instead of paper and chisels as pens to gallop in the vast art world. Mountains, water, pavilions, platforms, buildings and pavilions are not good; Civil and military officials are carefree and do their own things.
Or play in the forest, or explore treasures in the sea of books, or fish by the river alone, or talk about yin and yang. The life in Xanadu and the joy of peace and prosperity can be vividly described here. The cold stone, passing through the craftsman's hand, seems to emit bursts of heat flow, which makes people feel warm and comfortable.
This is for Minister of Finance Khufu and Minister of War Hu Zongxian.
Khufu was a scholar in 1478, and Hu Zongxian was a scholar in 1538. They are only 60 years apart, so they are named Yi Shi.
Hu Fu and Hu Zongwan, two feudal officials with boundless merits, won infinite glory for the Hu family in Longchuan. In order to commemorate them forever, people set up as many as 13 squares for them, including 7 in Longchuan.
However, this 13 masterpiece of stone architecture engraved with people's homesickness is only Yi Shi Shangshufang, which is the representative work of Huizhou School.
Across the river from Shangshufang is the square, which was founded by Hu's successor. Hu used to be the governor of Liaodong, exercising the duty of supervising and directing local affairs, and was the highest local official.
Du Xian Square has the word "imperial edict", while Yi Shi Shangshu Square has the word "grace", which shows that the level of Yi Shi Shangshu Square is relatively high.
In ancient China, the construction of archways had to be approved by the emperor, and archways were generally divided into three grades according to different grades.
The first-class archway is a "royal gift" and was built by the state treasury with the consent of the emperor; The second-class archway is "Rong En", that is, the emperor agreed to build it with local financial support in the future; The third-class archway is a "imperial edict", that is, the family applies to the emperor, and after the emperor grants it, the money is paid by himself or his family.
It can be seen that Du Xian Square is the third class, and Yi Shi Shangshufang is the second class.
Anhui Xidi Hu Ci Shi Workshop is located in front of Xidi Village, yi county. Built in 1578, it was repaired in Qingganlong and Xianfeng years. Ji Fang covers an area of 100 square meter, with four columns and three rooms, and a single wooden structure on the fifth floor.
Hu's cishi Square is different from other archways in Huizhou. For example, most of the archways in Shexian county have four big columns towering into the sky, which are called "tower columns"; There are five totally different pavilions in Hu's Cishi Square, which are called "pavilion style", or rather, they should be called memorial archways. Height12.3m, width 9.95m.. The stone carving is simple and exquisite, and its shape is magnificent.
The whole body is made of "yi county Green" stone, with a solid and delicate texture. The whole workshop is supported by four 60 cm square corner-sticking stone pillars carved with diamond patterns. There are four rectangular piers under the column, each pier is 1.6m high, 2.8m long from east to west and 0.8m wide. ..
The front and back of the two pillars in the middle are decorated with two pairs of inverted stone lions with a height of 2.5 meters, which are the legs of the pillars, with realistic modeling and strong expressive force. On the first floor, the moon beam is thick and carved with relief, which is exquisite and simple. Pillars and beams are supported by stone arches, and stone carvings are embedded on both sides of the window. The words "Dr. Deng Jiajing, Dr. Feng Zhi, Dr. Chao Lie and Dr. Hu" were engraved on the front and back of Zhongliang.
In the middle of the second floor, there are the words "JIAOZHOU Secretariat" in the west and "Prime Minister Fan Jing" in the east. The calligraphy is vigorous and powerful. On the third floor, the word "Rong En" is engraved on the central axis, and panlong reliefs are arranged on both sides.
From the second floor to the fourth floor, there are cornices on the left and right sides and the end points, and the crested kiss beast is carved into anchovies. There are 44 circular flying wings on both sides of the arch under the eaves, and four stone pillars support 12 sculptures of the Eight Immortals and civil servants on both sides, which are exquisite and unusual. Civil servants and military commanders are said to bring peace and stability to the country.
The pattern carved in the main building on the ground floor is called "Five Lions Playing Ball", and on the east and west sides are "Kirin Spitting Books". On both sides of the stone pillar are lifelike lions. These two lions lie flat on their forepaws, and there is a little lion under their paws, which is exquisite and elegant, which increases the stability of the archway.
This archway is magnificent and beautiful. After vicissitudes, it still stands at the entrance of Xidi Village, just like a loyal guardian and a historical witness of Xidi Ancient Village.
This house was built by Hu Yu/KLOC-0, a native of Xidi Village, when he was elected as the magistrate of Wanzai County in 555.
During his tenure as an official, Hu built city walls and schools and did many good things that benefited the country and the people. On the recommendation of the governor, he was appointed as the secretariat of Jiaozhou and also in charge of shipping. Later, the official went to Jingzhou to secretariat Wang Fu. The king of Mingjing Prefecture also named Hu as Doctor Zhi and Doctor Chao Lie. 1578, the emperor approved Hu villagers to build a merit archway here in recognition of Hu's good deeds for the people during his tenure.
Guo Xushi Square in Shexian County, also known as University Square, is located in Shexian County, Huangshan, Anhui Province. It is a rare typical stone workshop building in Ming Dynasty, built in 1584.
Shifang is a square with eight pillars on all sides, which is zigzag, so it is commonly known as the "eight-character archway". North-south length 1 1.54m, east-west width 6.77m, height 1 1.4m, and area 78. 13m2.
Shifang is a wood-like building with ridges, kisses and arches. It consists of two front and back stone workshops with three rooms, four columns and three floors and two left and right stone workshops with one room, two columns and three floors. All the stones are blue tea garden stones, hard and thick, and some weigh four or five tons. The stone carving art of Shifang is even more ingenious.
Every stone pillar, every beam square, every plaque, every archway and every sparrow replacement are decorated with exquisite carvings. 12 lion, 4 in front and 4 in back, 2 in left and right, standing on the stone foundation, with different shapes and lifelike appearance. These "personalized" carving designs skillfully express the thoughts and social achievements of Guo Xu, the owner of the archway.
"Guo Xu Shi Fang" was built for Guo Xu, which shows that Shao Bao is also a prince of Taibao, a minister of rites and a university student of Wuyingdian.
Guo Xu is from Shexian County. He is a scholar in the middle of 1565. He lived in Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli, and made great contributions to Yunnan's "Pingyi". He is a prince of Jin Taibao and a college student in Wuyingdian.
Xu Shi returned home dressed in gold and set up this workshop that year, so the words "respect", "learn first, then become a minister", "elder on the stage", "university student", "Guo Xu, Shao Bao, university student in Wuyingdian, minister of Taibao and prince" were engraved on the workshop.
Shexian county, known as the south of the Yangtze River, is known as "a talented official". Heroes come forth in large numbers in past dynasties, and celebrities and ministers emerge one after another. Guo Xu's stone workshops are full of carvings, exquisite, simple and bold, which are masterpieces of Huizhou stone carving technology. Guo Xushi Square has become a world-famous "national treasure" with its unique majestic posture in China, and is known as the "Arc de Triomphe in the East".
Wushi Shikefang is located at the west entrance of Zhongshan Lane, Huicheng Town, Shexian County. Built in 1733. It has two rows, one door and three floors, 2.6 meters wide and 7.25 meters high. Its structure is simple, carving is simple, and there is no luxury and publicity.
The square board is engraved with 15 the names of Wu Juren and Jinshi in the city from Yongle to Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty. Simple and unpretentious, it is rare that four backrest stones are placed vertically on four lying lions.
According to the usual saying, this kind of "Rong En" archway belongs to the second-class product, which should be "the emperor issued an imperial edict and the local silver was built". However, there is no official inscription on the word board of this archway.
There are four lions carved on the pedestals on both sides, which means "all the best". Generally speaking, this is usually understood as a warning to family members and younger generations to keep their mouths shut and be careful to avoid disaster from coming out of their mouths and inviting them to jail.
In Shexian County, Anhui Province, besides Guo Xushi Square and Wu Shike Square, there is also Baili Square, the oldest archway town in Huizhou.
This archway is located in Zhengcun Village, Shexian County, Huizhou area. Founded at the end of Yuan Dynasty, it was rebuilt in the years of Hongzhi, Jiajing and Qingganlong in Ming Dynasty. Wood-like structure, two columns and one or three floors, 8 meters high and 5.7 meters wide. There are doorframes and sockets inside the stone pillars, and wooden doors were installed before.
On the second floor, there is a plaque "Bai Zhen Li Men Ming" written by Wen Cheng, editor of Hanlin Institute of National History in Yuan Dynasty, to show Zheng Ganling's family for three generations. On the forehead of the first floor, there are three seal characters of "True Hundred Miles", which are "Yu Que's Letter to the Right Secretary from the Doctor of Donghai Prefecture, Zhejiang Province".
There are two stone archways, one large and one small, in the imperial city of Yangcheng County. The larger one was built by Chen Tingjing, the famous Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. This archway was built in 1704. The archway is a four-column and three-story building, with poles and stones on both sides of the columns, two dragon balls carved on the lower eaves, auspicious patterns and high reliefs in the upper flower shop, Zhongfan and Fang Ding. Plaques and plates are placed in every room.
The main symbol of the main building of the archway is "General Constitution of Jinze", and the side building is engraved with "Gate of Yanze" and "Xie Cong V".
"Nakazawa Tomohide" is another name for the Prime Minister, ranking first among all officials. "General Constitution" is another name for Shi Yu, the left capital of Douchayuan. Duchayuan is the highest supervisory organ of the Qing court, shouldering the heavy responsibility of supervising and inspecting officials at all levels.
Under the "Tsuzawa General Charter", there are four big characters engraved with the official positions and fame of Chen Tingjing and his father, grandfather and great-grandfather, the most prominent one is the specific name of Chen Tingjing's official position at the bottom. The wooden roof is built in imitation of wood, with kissing animals at both ends of the main ridge and Kirin at the ridge brake. The whole archway looks grand and solemn, and it is beautifully made.
Not far from this archway, there is a small archway with two columns and one floor. Although this archway is inferior in scale and decoration, it was built in front of the big archway.
It is said that this archway was built before Chen Tingjing became a palace. The front of the archway is engraved with the names and official positions of six people, including Wei Chenxiu of Xixiang County, Hanzhong Prefecture, Shaanxi Province, and Chen, the supervisor of Rulinlang's Zhejiang Road. On the back, the imperial examinations of six people, including Jiajing Branch Champion and Shunzhi Ding Youke Juror, are engraved.
Among them, Chen Tianyou was the first scholar of the Chen family, and his grandfather Chen Xiu was the first official of the Chen family. Before Chen Tingjing, Chen Chang was the biggest official in the family. He was first an imperial envoy of the Ming Dynasty, and later served as a magistrate in the south of the Yangtze River to study politics. Not only is the article well written, but also his calligraphy is beautiful. At the same time, there are many inscriptions written by him in the inner city of the imperial city.
Among the merit archways in China, there are many second-class archways "Rong En", third-class archways "imperial edict" and some "imperial archways", which were built by emperors in the history of our country for those who made contributions to the country.
Among them, Emperor Kangxi built an archway for his courtiers for the first time in 1703. At that time, the minister of Wenhua Hall of Emperor Kangxi and the minister of the official department, Ethan O, died, and he personally set up a memorial archway for Ethan O. ..
This archway is located in front of Isana's tomb, east-west. It is made of white marble, with five doors and six columns and a width of 2 1 m. The square Tianzhu on the arch is embossed with layers of clouds.
The archway is single row and multi-column, beautifully constructed, and the bucket arch bears the main building, the annex building, the side building and the folder building. Its archway is not only fashionable, but also unique in layout.
Different from other merit archways, ordinary archways are all four pillars and three doors, but they have six pillars and three doors and two screens. There are square holes planted with railings on the three thresholds of the archway, and there are stone railings in the door. The stigma of its towering column is engraved with moire, which makes it mysterious.
In short, the merit archway is a kind of praise for the merits made by predecessors, an affirmation of honor, and an expression of people's pride, admiration and reverence.