After the Warring States Period, Han people continued to immigrate to Yunnan. They lived together with the local natives for a long time, intermarried, and influenced each other. By the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Baiman tribe was formed. In the early Tang Dynasty, there were hundreds of Baiman tribes around Erhai Lake and Dianchi Lake. The Baiman ethnic origin is mainly Han, so their language, writing, customs, etc. are generally the same as the Han people, and their surnames basically follow Han surnames. At that time, there were large tribes named Zhao, Li, Yang, Dong and others in the Erhai area. Among them is a tribe named Zhang, which is said to have migrated from Longxi. Their leader was named Zhang Jinqiu. His descendants multiplied, the population increased, and they moved to various places. By the early Ming Dynasty, the Baiman Zhang family was distributed in Erxiyi, Yunnan County, Langqiong County, Dongshanjiang, Mengdingsai (now Laomeng, Yuanyang County), Zhennan, Taihe County, Yunnan Province. Prefecture Yingwuguan, Chuxiong County, Tengchong Prefecture, Mengheyi, Ningfan (today's Beisheng County) and other places, and many people have served as chieftains, inspectors, chief bookkeepers, commanders and other officials. Among them, Tengchong has the highest official rank. Zhang Ming, the local magistrate of the state. According to the official system of the Ming Dynasty, chieftain officers were hereditary. Therefore, most of the Zhang family of the Bai ethnic group in the Ming Dynasty lived in the middle and upper classes of society.
In today’s Hunan, Guangxi and other provinces, there are many settlements of the Zhang family of the Yao ethnic group. For example, Shijie in Shangdong Township in Wugang County; Congping, Houbei and Gaoshan in Hekou Township in Ziyu County; Xiangxing in Shazhai in Luzhai County; Nale, Minxing, Pingtan and Xiahua Township in Baihe Township in Napo County Shanghua and Guiliu, Poya in Nalong Township; Xiamei and Jianli in Jialong Township, Lingyun County; Dongzhong, Nali, and Banxing in Dongzhong Township, Qinzhou City, and Bangou and Dakeng in Banba Township , fine pit, peace. Dongshan and Naqin in Najun Township; Genpi and Yousheng in Miaoxiang in Shangsi County; Xiangjiaoshan, Xiangzhuang, Yulongtang, Liujia Village, Dabei Village, Mozuo Mountain, and Xinshan in Yaojia Village in Jiangcheng County , Xicaotang, Xiaomantu, Niuzangfang, Mengban Mountain, Wenqing, Manbo Mountain, Sugarcane Garden, Yilang, Gaoshanhan; Madi Township in Longsheng County, etc., all have the Yao Zhang family distribution. Well-known members of the Zhang family of the Yao ethnic group include Zhang Youjun, director of the Institute of Ethnology of Guangxi University for Nationalities.
The Zhang family of the Zhuang ethnic group is mainly distributed in Guangxi, and its origin is not very clear. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a well-known Zhuang family surnamed Zhang in Shanglin County, Guangxi. They had two brothers. The younger brother was named Zhang Honghui. They were elected in the 41st year of Kangxi (1702). Training" etc. His elder brother's name is Zhang Honghe, and he served as Xuezheng of Yongning Prefecture during the reign of Emperor Kangxi. Honghe's son Zhang Youzhu was a professor of Fu Xue in Qingyuan. Friends Zhu Shengzi. Zaisheng Pengzhan was an official and political envoy during the Qianlong period. He wrote "Shanzuo Xuchao" and "Explanation of Three Difficulties".
The Zhang family of Li nationality is mainly distributed in Hainan Island. Its origin is unclear. In the Qing Dynasty, there was Zhang Hongxu, a Li native of Yanglindong in Yazhou (Ya County, Hainan), who led the local peasant uprising in the ninth year of Daoguang (1829). , was later suppressed.
Part of the Zhang family of the Dong ethnic group was changed from the Zhang surname of the people who settled in Xiangxi in the Song Dynasty and intermarryed and blended with the Dong people who lived there. See the first section of this chapter for the situation. The origin of other branches is not very clear. Originally it was mainly distributed in Hunan, Guizhou and other regions. During the 43rd year of Emperor Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty, there was a severe drought. Some of the Dong Zhang family in Huangzhou (Xinhuang County, Hunan) moved to Xuan'en, Enshi, Lichuan, Xianfeng and other places in Hubei.
The Zhang family of Gaoshan tribe is mainly distributed in Taiwan. There was Zhang Licheng in the Qing Dynasty. During the Sino-French War in 1884, he led 500 troops to defeat the French invading army in Tamsui, Taiwan.
The Zhang family of the Achang ethnic group. Mainly distributed in the southwest region. The origin is unknown.
The Zhang family of the Naxi ethnic group. Mainly distributed in the southwest region. The origin is unknown.
Tibetan Zhang family. Mainly distributed in Tibetan inhabited areas. The origin is also unknown.
The Zhang family of the Lisu ethnic group. Mainly distributed in areas where the Lisu people live.
Mongolian Zhang family. One branch of the Mongolian Zhang family changed their surname from the Zhiliangkuang family. For details, see the first section of this chapter. The origin of other tribes is unknown. In the Ming Dynasty, the Guyuan Mongols took over and led a peasant uprising in Shicheng during the Chenghua period.
The Zhang family of Korean nationality. Mainly distributed in Northeast my country and the Korean Peninsula.
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, most of them were organized into the Eight Banners and led troops to fight, such as Zhang Piantu from Liaoyang, the deputy governor of the Zhenghuang Banner, Zhang Yatu from Yizhou, the governor of the Zhenglan Banner, Zhang Wenxing from the Xianghuang Banner, the governor of Gansu, and Zhengbai Banner, the governor of Shanxi Zhang Zide from Liaoyang and others. The most famous among them is Zhang Liangbi, who was originally from Zhengbai Banner Cangyi Qiggu and lived in Shenyang. When Liaodong was conquered, he was promoted from Drummer to Assistant Leader due to his meritorious service. Later, he besieged Jinzhou, defeated the Ming Dynasty general Hong Chengchou, and was awarded the second-class light chariot captain. His son, Zhang Shijian, inherited his father's position and was later promoted to the rank of third-class male.
Manchu Zhang family. Most of the Manchu Zhang surnames were changed from the Hesheli surname. Most of the Zhang family in Hada Township, Xiuyan County today, are Manchus, and their ancestors were the Xianghong Banner people from Erdaogou, Changbai Mountain.
The Zhang family of Hui nationality. One branch of the Hui Zhang family changed their surname from the Pu Luode family in the Ming Dynasty. The origins of the other tribes are less clear. The surname Zhang is one of the common surnames of the Hui ethnic group. For example, among the Hui people in Shaoyang, Hunan, most of them have the surnames Ma, Zhang, Su, Hai, and Cai. The major surnames of the Hui people in Minhe County are Ma, Ye, Liu, Yang, Bai, Zhang, and Chen. They were moved from Twelve Villages in Shuifu River, Gansu Province by Zuo Zongtang, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. The three Hui surnames of Zhang, Li and Yu in Lhasa today are all from Sichuan.
The Zhang family of the Yi ethnic group. One branch of the Yi people with the surname Zhang is descended from King Meng of Nanzhao. See the first section of this chapter for details. There is a branch with the surname Zhang in Maquan Commune, Dechang County, Sichuan. Its ancestor is Zhang, the chieftain of Huidong, who is from the Yi ethnic group. However, it gradually became Sinicized and eventually became Han.
The Zhang family of the Miao nationality. One branch of the Miao Zhang family was descended from the brothers Dazhang and Xiaozhang who moved from Jiangxi to Xiangxi in the Song Dynasty. They changed their surnames and intermarried with the Miao people.
The Zhang family of Tujia people. There is a branch of the Zhang family of the Tujia people whose surname was changed from the descendants of brothers Dazhang and Xiaozhang in the Song Dynasty. In today's Longshan County, Hunan, there is a family of chieftains surnamed Zhang from the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. There are two brothers. The eldest brother is named Zhang Jinlong, who is the chief of Baiyandong, and the younger brother is named Zhang Yibao, who is appointed as the magistrate of Shangxi Tuzhou. In the twenty-fourth year of Yuan Dynasty (1364), the younger brother gave birth to his one-year-old son Zhang Youliang to his elder brother. In the ninth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1376), Youliang took over the post of governor of Baiyandong, but the post of Tuxi magistrate remained vacant because Yibao died of illness in the third year of Hongwu. In this case, Peng Tianbao, the envoy of Xuanwei, came forward to let Youliang return to the clan and inherit the magistrate of the state. In addition, the vacancy of the chief of Baiyandong, his uncle's uncle, was asked to be promoted to Zhang Nalu, the general manager of the cave people. These two chieftain families were passed down from generation to generation until the fifth year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign in the Qing Dynasty. With many descendants and different customs, they gradually evolved into the Tujia, Han and Miao ethnic groups.
The Zhang family of the Wuwan clan. The Wuwan tribe is an ancient ethnic group in northern my country. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Chun, the prime minister of the Zhongshan Kingdom (a princely state), allied with a Wuwan clan leader (chief) named *** to oppose the Han Dynasty. He named himself King Tian'an Ding and became the Wuhuan Marshal of the northern counties. From then on, the surname Zhang became the surname of the nobles in Karasuma, and many Karasuma people changed their surname to Zhang. Later, Cao Cao pacified Karasuma and moved his tribe to the interior. Most of the Zhang family in present-day Nanpi County moved here at this time. Source 3 of the surname Zhang: His surname was changed
Before he became king, Zhang Tianxi, the former Liang king, was friendly with Liang Jing from Anding and Liu Su from Dunhuang, and relied on them to murder the powerful official Zhang Yong and his nephew Zhang Xuan, the former Liang king. Beautiful, self-proclaimed king. In order to reward their contribution, they were given the surname Zhang and regarded as their sons. Following the example of other scholars, they changed the names of Liang and Liu to Zhang Dayi and Zhang Dacheng with the character "Da".
The Bohai people of Liaoyang (now Liaoyang, Liaoning) were Gaoba and lived in the Liao Dynasty. Because he was an official abroad, he changed his surname to Zhang. His sons Zhang You and grandson Zhang Kuang both served in the Liao Dynasty, reaching the rank of Jiedu envoy and becoming local military and political chiefs. Zhang Kuang had two sons, the eldest son Xuang Zheng, who served as the military governor of Zhangxin Army in the Jin Dynasty. The second son Xuansu, also known as Zizhen, served successively as the military envoy of the Jingjiang Army, the Zhenxi Army, the Xingping Army of the Jin Dynasty, the transit envoy of Tokyo Road, etc. During the reign of Emperor Shizong of the Jin Dynasty, he served as the Minister of Household Affairs. He was famous for his kindness and integrity as an official, and was known in history as "thick and resolute, which made people fear him". Xuan Zheng's son Rubi, also named Zhongzuo. Use your father's shadow to make up for the military's uprightness. In the second year of Zhenglong (1157), he became a Jinshi. Because her sister married Jin Shizong and became the concubine of the Yuan Dynasty, she was promoted quickly. She was successively appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, the Minister of Political Affairs, and the Minister Zuocheng.
But as an official, you can't "correctly advise" and strive hard, and take the principle of not disobeying your orders, so your political achievements are not great.
Xuansu's contemporary, Gao (Zhang) Ba's great-grandson Zhang Hao (named Haoran), was also a famous minister in the early Jin Dynasty. During the Tianfu reign of Emperor Taizu of the Jin Dynasty, he was appointed to be responsible for the imperial writings in order to make suggestions. In the eighth year of Tianhui (1130), he was awarded the title of Jinshi and the title of Secretary. In the second year of Tianjuan (1139), he participated in the formulation of internal and external etiquette programs and moved to the Ministry of Rites. When King Hailing came to the throne, he became Minister Zuocheng in order to participate in political affairs. In the third year of Tiande (1151), he presided over the expansion of Yanjing (today's Beijing) city and imperial palace. In the sixth year of Zhenyuan (1153), the Jin Dynasty moved the capital to the expanded Yanjing City and renamed it Zhongdu. He worshiped Pingzhang for political affairs and sought to change the Zuocheng Dynasty. In the third year of Zhenglong (1158), he also presided over the construction of Bianjing (Kaifeng, Henan) city. In the sixth year (1161), King Hailing went south to attack the Southern Song Dynasty. He stayed as minister to save trouble, guarded the central power of the Jin Dynasty, took charge of military supplies and logistics, and supported frontline operations. Shizong ascended the throne, worshiped as Taishi, Shangshu Ling, and granted the title of Prince of Nanyang County. He died in the third year of Dading (1163) and was given the posthumous title Wenkang. Zhang Hao has five sons: Ruwei, Rulin, Runeng, Rufang, and Ruyou. Among them, Zhang Rulin (Bu 1190), the second oldest, could inherit his father's business. Rulin, named Zhongze, was smart and studious when he was young, and was deeply loved by his father. Zhang Hao praised him as the great horse of the Zhang family. In the second year of Zhenyuan (1154), he was awarded the title of Jinshi, and successively served as the imperial official, minister of the Ministry of punishment, transport envoy of Zhongdu Road, censor doctor, prince's young teacher, paid homage to the minister of political affairs, Shangshu Youcheng, and paid homage to Pingzhang political affairs. Feng Rui Guogong. Before Shizong's death, he and Taiwei disciple Shan Kening were appointed ministers of Gu Ming to welcome Zhangzong Wanyanjing (Wang Jing) to the throne. He died in December of the sixth year of Mingchang (January 1191). He was renamed Duke of Shen and given the posthumous title Wenxiang.
In present-day Yongshun, Baojing and Huayuan counties in Hunan, there are many families with the surname Zhang, whose ancestors changed their surname from Zhang. It is said that during the Song Dynasty, two brothers surnamed Zhang from Jiangxi Province came to the border areas of Xiangxi and became village chiefs. They did not return eastward, but settled here and settled down. As the descendants multiplied and the population became more and more prosperous, those who came from the older brother's family were called Dazhang, and those who came from the older brother's family were called Xiaozhang. Later, perhaps because Zhang and Zhang had the same pronunciation, perhaps because reclamation of land was inseparable from bows and arrows, or perhaps in order to encourage everyone's military ferocity, they changed their surname from Zhang to Zhang, and they continued to branch out and move around, becoming scattered. They were concentrated in Yongshun, Baojing, and Yongsui (now Huayuan) counties, especially in Pingpa, Yajia, Chadong, Laowangzhai, Jianyan and other places. Before the mountainous areas of western Hunan were converted to native lands during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, they were still under the jurisdiction of chieftains and were inhabited by Tu, Miao, Dong and other ethnic minorities. For a long time, this group of people, who changed their rules from chapter to chapter, intermarried and lived together with the indigenous ethnic minorities. They followed the local customs, and gradually they were assimilated. The so-called "In Tucun, we are native people, and in Miao village, we are Miao people" (Volume 9 of Yan Ruyu's "Miao Defense Preparation" in Qing Dynasty). Not only did the last name change, but the ethnicity also changed. Since the Qing Dynasty, with the development of production and the improvement of living standards, the number of Zhang's descendants has continued to increase, so they have expanded and migrated to the surrounding areas of western Hunan. Today, the border areas of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces and even Yunnan and Guangxi There are descendants of Dazhang and Xiaozhang everywhere.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a man named Nie Tai who changed his surname to Zhang and lived in seclusion in Mayi, Yanmen (today's Shuo County, Shanxi Province) because of a grudge against others and to avoid being pursued by his enemies. His descendant Zhang Liao is the most famous. Zhang Liao (169?222), whose courtesy name was Wenyuan. Although his surname was changed to the Zhang family (in ancient surname studies, this phenomenon was called "private impersonation", that is, impostor), he got the military spirit from the true surname Zhang and became Cao Wei's surname during the Three Kingdoms period. big. According to documentary records, during the battle between Cao Cao and Chen Lan and Meicheng at Tianzhu Mountain, Zhang Liao risked his life to attack a valley more than 20 miles deep with steep and narrow valleys on both sides, completely annihilating Chen and Mei's armies. Another time, Zhang Liao stationed troops in Hefei and was surrounded by the army led by Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu Dynasty. In order to break out of the siege, he personally led 800 suicide squad members, broke into the trap set by the Wu army at night, shouted his name, and fought all the way to Sun Quan's tent. After stabbing more than ten Wu army guard generals to death, he broke out of the siege. Pull out those who fall into the trap. His mighty force frightened the Wu army. Cao Cao was so strong that he worshiped him for the Eastern Expedition.
After that, he made many military exploits and was granted the title of Marquis of Jinyang.
In 222 AD, he died of illness in the army and was given the posthumous title of Ganghou. His son Zhang Hu and grandson Zhang Tong successively attacked the Marquis of Jinyang. Zhang Liao's elder brother Zhang Xun was also awarded the title of Marquis for his military exploits.
In the fifth year of Tianqing (1115), a man named Zhang Jianu under Yelu Yanxi, Emperor Tianzuo of Liao Dynasty, led troops to conquer Gaozhou (now Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia).
Zhang Yan, the leader of the Black Mountain Army in the peasant uprising army at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, whose surname was Chu, was from Zhending, Changshan (now Zhengding, Hebei Province). After the Yellow Turban Army uprising led by Zhang Niujiao, he gathered more than 10,000 people to respond and soon merged The rebel army led by Zhang Niujiao. After Zhang Niujiao's death, he was promoted as the leader, so he changed his surname to Zhang and was called "Feiyan" because of his agility. He once joined forces with various rebel armies in Changshan, Zhaojun, Shangdang, Zhongshan, and Hanoi, named "Black Mountain Army", and persisted in the struggle. Later, he surrendered to the Eastern Han Dynasty government and was appointed Pingnan Zhonglang General. He participated in the warlord melee, and his troops gradually broke away. He was returned to Cao Cao and served as Pingbei. He was granted the title of Marquis of Anguo Pavilion, with a settlement of 500 households. His sons Zhang Fang and Sun Zhangrong succeeded to the marquis title and became an aristocratic family in the Cao Wei period. Other sources of the surname Zhang
?1. ?The ancestor of the surname Zhang
The origin of the surname Zhang is: Zhang Hui. The birth of the surname Zhang is very ancient, with a history of about five thousand years. In the era of Huangdi, the first ancestor of humanities, Huangdi had a son named Shaohao Qingyang. Shaohao's son Hui was very smart since he was a child and loved to use his brain. Once, he watched the night sky and was inspired by the combination of stars. After research, he invented the bow. At that time, human beings basically made a living by hunting. The invention of the bow was a great event, so the Yellow Emperor named Hui Hui the official name "Gong Zheng", also known as "Gong Chang", who specialized in making bows. He combined the official names into Give him the surname Zhang. Zhang Hui became the ancestor of people with the surname Zhang. It is added that the ancestor of the surname Zhang was named "Hui". He was the grandson of Huangdi (some say he was the son of Huangdi). He was a great inventor. He invented the bow and arrow and the net (gu). As new production tools at that time, bows, arrows and nets allowed people to hunt more birds and beasts, catch more fish and shrimps, and reduce the harm caused to themselves by wild beasts. The clan tribe where Commander belongs to has been producing bows, arrows and nets for generations, so his descendants took "Zhang" as their surname.
2. Zhang Ancestral Hall
Huangdi, the recognized blood ancestor of the surname Zhang, was the leader of the Chinese tribal alliance in ancient legendary times. He governed the world with virtue, benevolence and faith. Selecting the talented and appointing the capable, severely punishing the stubborn and evil, creating a prosperous age of singing and dancing.
Zhang Hui is the ancestor of the surname Zhang, but there are two different opinions on the relationship between Zhang Hui and Huangdi. One theory is that Zhang Hui is the son of the Yellow Emperor, and another theory is that he is the son of the Qingyang family of Shaohao, the son of the Yellow Emperor, that is, Zhang Hui is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor. Although there are slight discrepancies in the historical records of surname studies such as "Yuanhe Surname Compilation", "Ancient and Modern Surname Books", "Surname Jijiupian", "New Book of Tang Dynasty. Genealogy Table of Prime Ministers", they all advocate that he is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor. It is said that the Zhang family is derived from the surname Ji. The fifth son of the Qingyang family, Shaohao, the Yellow Emperor's son, wielded the bow as a straightener and began to make bows and arrows. He actually spread the bows to capture animals and worshiped the arc star. He was in charge of his duties in the world and was given the surname Zhang. . Many of the family trees and genealogies of the Zhang surname compiled by the descendants of the Zhang family in later generations followed this theory.
The third volume of the "Zhang Family Genealogy" of the Yuyitang edition of the Jiayin Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty says: "The Zhang family came from the Xuanyuan family of the Yellow Emperor and gave birth to the Jintian family of Shaohao, also known as Qingyang. The fifth son is called Gong Zheng. He is the main worshiper of Huxing. He has been in charge of his position for generations and is given the surname Zhang. ?
Zhang Hui, the son of the Yellow Emperor, said "Guang Yun" (Xia Ping Sheng Shi Yang), Ma Liang "Yi Shi", etc. Many genealogies of the Zhang surname compiled by Zhang's descendants also agree with this theory. Chinese surnames all have origins and follow certain principles. The principles of naming surnames can be summarized as follows: based on the country, town, township, and pavilion; some are based on the person's name, character, order of birth, official, official name, title, title line, national talisman, skills, affairs, posthumous title, posthumous title It is based on clan, town line, town posthumous title, clan, clan line, etc.
The ancestor of the surname Zhang got his surname based on the above principles. Although the ancient literature records hold different opinions on whether Zhang Hui is the son or grandson of the Yellow Emperor, there is no big difference when it comes to Zhang Hui himself. They all agree that he made bows and arrows, official bows were straight, and he worshiped arcs. The basic fact about stars.
However, careful readers will also find from the literature cited above that Zhang Huizhi got his surname, "Guan Hu made arrows and made arrows, and was given the surname Zhang". He was in charge of his position, and was given the surname Zhang? He had a long bow and arrow, and he was good at Zhang Gangluo. He inherited his position hereditary, so he was given the surname Zhang? and other minor differences. Based on this, we can say that the surname Zhang was derived from is based on skill, that is, occupation, or it can be said that the surname is based on official, or it can be recorded as Zhang.
3. Migration distribution
In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was Jie Zhang in the Jin State, named Zhanghou. Later, he took his grandfather's surname as his surname. From then on, the Jin State had the surname Zhang for generations. In 403 BC, after the three families of Zhao, Han, and Wei divided the Jin Kingdom, the population of Zhang surnamed was also dispersed among the three vassal states. Both of these statements explain the origin, reproduction and even the third most common surname of Zhang today. First, the surname Zhang has a long history. It is one of the earliest surnames in China and is highly valued. In primitive clan society, hunting was an extremely important means for people to make a living. The status and role of bows and arrows can be imagined. Moreover, at that time, the few Dongyi tribes flourished and spread throughout the vast area between today's Shandong Peninsula, northern Jiangsu and Jianghuai; it is said that the Shang Dynasty tribes were their direct descendants. Second, the surname Zhang is widely distributed. It existed in the Jin State. As the three families were divided into Jin, it spread throughout the three countries of Zhao, Han, and Wei, which is now the vast area of ??North China and the Central Plains. There are also many people who were given the surname and changed their surname to Zhang; for example, during the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang gave Long Youna the surname Zhang; Cao Wei general Zhang Liao, whose original surname was Nie, later changed his surname to Zhang. There are also many non-Han people who changed their surname to Zhang. The Tejia family of the Jin Dynasty took Zhang as their surname because they had lived in Zhanghuang Fort for generations. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were many Mongolian and Semu people who changed their surnames to Han surnames. They often chose Han surnames and changed them to them, which also expanded the population of Zhang surnames. According to records, in the Jin Dynasty, the Zhang family from the Central Plains moved to Fujian; during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, Chen Zheng, Chen Yuanguang and his son were ordered to enter the Zhang family's ancestral temple in Nigou Township, Liaoyuan Town, Puning City
In Fujian, there was a military academy with the surname Zhang in the Central Plains Following him, Wang Chao and Wang Shenzhi entered Fujian, and were accompanied by Zhang Mu from Gushi, Henan, who lived in Meixi, Gutian, and was later named Liang Guogong. The Fujian Zhang family can be roughly divided into Jianhu, Jinpo, Banjie and other sects based on their place of residence. After that, some of them moved to Guangdong, and they all claimed that their ancestors came from Gushi, Guangzhou, Henan. Since the early Qing Dynasty, people from the Zhang family in Fujian and Guangdong have immigrated to Taiwan one after another, and many people have gone to make a living overseas. Most of the Zhang family are northerners, mainly Han, but many people have also integrated into ethnic minorities during many ethnic integrations. The Zhang family who have immigrated overseas are now mainly distributed in Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, the United States, Britain, France, Australia, Panama and other countries and Hong Kong.
4. Junwangtang No.
Junwang
After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, people with the same surname living in different regions were distinguished as Junwang.
Qinghe County: A county was established during the Han Dynasty, and its administrative location was Qingyang (southeast of today’s Qinghe County, Hebei Province). This branch of the Zhang family has lived in Wucheng for generations, and its founding ancestor is Zhang Xin, the descendant of Zhang Liang, Marquis of Han Dynasty.
Fanyang County: In the seventh year of the Wei and Huang Dynasties of the Three Kingdoms (AD 226), Zhuo County was renamed as a county, and its governance was located in Zhuo County (now part of Hebei Province). The founding ancestor of this branch of the Zhang family is Zhang Yu, the son of Zhang Hao, Sikong of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Taiyuan County: A county was established during the Warring States Period, and its administrative seat was Jinyang (southwest of today’s Taiyuan City). The founding ancestor of this branch of the Zhang family was Zhang Wei, the governor of Pingdong and Yingzhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Jingzhao County: A county was established during the Han Dynasty, and its administrative seat was Chang'an (now northwest of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province). The founding ancestor of this branch of the Zhang family was Zhang Tang, the imperial censor of the Western Han Dynasty.
Dunhuang County: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty separated it from Jiuquan County and governed it in Dunhuang County (now west of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province). Govern the western end of the Hexi Corridor.
Anding County: A county was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and its administrative seat was Gaoping (now Guyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region). In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was moved to Anding (now north of Jingchuan, Gansu Province). This Zhang family is after Zhang Er, King Zhao of the Western Han Dynasty.
Xiangyang County: Xiangyang County was established at the beginning of the Han Dynasty, and Xiangyang County was established at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The place of governance was Xiangyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province). Later, Xiangyang became the administrative seat of counties, prefectures, roads and prefectures. The ancestor of this Zhang family is Zhang Anzhi.
Luoyang County: The Qin Dynasty established a county, and the Eastern Wei Dynasty established a county.
During the Han and Wei Dynasties, the administrative seat was located on the north bank of Luoshui River in the east of present-day Baima Temple in Luoyang City; in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was moved to the eighteen miles west of Seoul.
Hedong County: A county was established during the Qin Dynasty, and its administrative seat was Anyi (now northwest of Xia County, Shanxi Province). It governs the area east of the Yellow River in present-day Shanxi Province. The Jiazu Temple of the Zhang family is located in Nigou Township and Xia County, Liaoyuan Town, Puning City.
Shixing County: During the Three Kingdoms period, Wu was separated from Guiyang County, and its administrative seat was Qujiang (now south of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province). The jurisdiction is equivalent to the Lianjiang, Qujiang and Shaoguan areas of today's Guangdong Province.
Feng Yi County: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Zuo Feng Yi, and the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty changed it to Feng Yi County. The place of governance was Linjin (now Dali, Shaanxi Province).
Wu County: It was divided into Kuaiji County at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The administrative seat was Wu County (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). It governed the area south of present-day Jiangsu River.
Pingyuan County: It was established in the early Western Han Dynasty and was governed in Pingyuan (southwest of today's Pingyuan County). The jurisdiction is equivalent to the area of ??Pingyuan County in the northwest of Shandong Province today.
Hejian County: Originally the land of Zhao during the Warring States Period. Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty established a county. The administrative seat was Lecheng (southeast of today's Xian County, Hebei Province). It governs the area around present-day Hejian County in central Hebei Province.
Zhongshan County: During the Warring States Period, it was the Zhongshan Kingdom, and Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty established the county. The administrative seat was Lunu (now Dingzhou, Hebei Province). The jurisdiction is equivalent to the northern area of ??present-day Hebei Province.
Wei County: first established by Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty. It is equivalent to the area between today's Wei County of Hebei Province, Jun County of Henan Province, and Guan County of Shandong Province. The administrative seat was Ye County (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei Province).
Shu County: established by the Qin Dynasty during the Warring States Period, and was governed in Chengdu (now part of Sichuan Province). It governs the area around present-day Chengdu City, Sichuan Province.
Wuwei County: established in the Western Han Dynasty. It is equivalent to the area west of the Yellow River and east of Wuwei in present-day Gansu Province. The place of governance was Wuwei (now northeast of Minqin County, Gansu Province).
Qianwei County: established in the sixth year of Jianyuan of the Western Han Dynasty. It belongs to Yizhou, southwest of Yibin County in present-day Sichuan Province. The seat of governance was in our county (the ancestral temple of the Zhang family, Nigou Township, Liaoyuan Town, Puning City, now west of Zunyi City, Guizhou Province).
Pei County: Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty changed Sishui County to Pei County, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was changed to Pei State. The administrative seat was Xiang County (now northwest of Suixi County, Anhui Province).
Liang County: Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty established the Liang Kingdom, and it was changed to Liang County in the Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty. It is equivalent to the area from Shangqiu in Henan Province to Dangshan in Anhui Province today. The place of governance was Suiyang (now south of Shangqiu, Henan Province).
Ji County: It was established in the second year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty and was abolished soon after. The administrative seat was Ji County (southwest of Ji County in present-day Henan Province).
Hanoi County: Placed during the Chu-Han period. It is equivalent to the area around Wuzhi County on the north bank of the Yellow River in Henan Province today. The administrative seat was Huai County (southwest of today's Wuzhi County, Henan Province).
Gaoping County: In the first year of Taishi of the Western Jin Dynasty, the original Shanyang County was changed to Gaoping County, located in the area of ??Juye County, Shandong Province today. The seat of governance was Changyi (south of today's Juye County, Shandong Province).
Shanggu County: Set up by Yan during the Warring States Period, and the seat of Qin Dynasty was Juyang (now southeast of Huailai, Hebei Province).
Hall name
Qinghe Hall: Zhang Hui, the founder of the surname Zhang, had the courtesy name Yujue and the nickname Tianlu. He was the son or grandson of the Yellow Emperor. He was given the surname Zhang by Guan Arc Shaping Arrow. His surname is Zhang, or he is the first to make bows and arrows. His official position is Gongzheng. He lived in Qingyang of Yincheng State. Qingyang was south of Qinghe River. The Han Dynasty belonged to Qinghe County and Qinghe State. In later genealogy books of the Zhang family, some named Yincheng as the county commander, but most of them listed Qinghe as the county commander. The genealogy books were often marked with the words "Qinghe Hall" to show that the place of ancestors was always remembered. The Qinghe River is an extremely ancient river and was the boundary between Qi and Zhao during the Warring States Period. "Shui Jing Zhu" records that its source is in northern Henan, and it is called Qinghe when it flows down to Weixian County, Hebei. It flows from the northeast through the north of Gucheng County in Qinghe County and the south of Jingxian County, to the west of Dongguang County, and then flows into the sea along the current Wei River and Haihe River. After the Sui Dynasty, the area below Dongguang was dredged into Yongji Canal (part of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal), and the area above the northeast was gradually abandoned. There is no Qinghe in Qinghe County today.
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