Category: Society and people's livelihood
Problem description:
The content should be detailed
Analysis:
Taotie, Research on Taotie Pattern Culture
——Educational Research
Zhou Junxiu of Jindan Experimental School
[Summary of Contents] Taotie is an imaginary mysterious monster that existed in Shang and Zhou Dynasties During this period, the Taotie pattern was most common on bronze vessels and had distinct religious and cultural characteristics. The Taotie pattern is closely related to ancient Chinese wine culture, architecture, music and art, and it also inherits the historical charm in modern culture.
[Keywords] Taotie, Taotie pattern, culture
1. Taotie, Taotie pattern
The Taotie is an imaginary mysterious monster. This monster has no body, only a big head and a big mouth. It is very greedy and eats whatever it sees. It eats too much and eventually dies of starvation. It is a symbol of greed.
The Taotie pattern first appeared on the jades of the Liangzhu Culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River five thousand years ago. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" chapter states: "The Taotie pattern on the Zhou Ding has a head but no body. If it cannibalizes people without swallowing them, it will cause harm to the body." The Taotie pattern has already appeared on bronzes in the Erlitou and Xia cultures. Taking the bridge of the nose as the midline, the two sides are arranged symmetrically, usually the lower lip. Taotie patterns appear on bronze vessels, especially tripods. There were many types of Taotie patterns in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, some were like dragons, tigers, cows, sheep, and deer; others were like birds, phoenixes, and people. The name Taotie pattern did not exist in ancient times, but was named by the Song Dynasty people when epigraphy was rising. The most perfect Taotie pattern mask is 21.0 centimeters high and is now in the collection of the West Asian Library in the United States. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, its mysterious color gradually faded.
Ancient Taotie Pattern Culture
1. Taotie Pattern and Religious Culture
For example, the Shang Dynasty elephant-covered copper gong with the Taotie pattern: the height of the vessel is 17.7 cm. Composed of body, feet and cover. The cover is decorated with Taotie patterns and is backed by fine cloud and thunder patterns. The belly of the utensil is decorated with Taotie patterns. Animal patterns have religious significance. Various types of tripods during the Shang Dynasty are decorated with Taotie patterns. The tripod is the most common and mysterious vessel used by the ancestors to offer sacrifices, and it has strong religious significance.
For example, the Taotie-patterned bronze urn (Shang Dynasty) unearthed from Lijiahe, Pinggu, Beijing: 27 cm high, 7.5 cm in diameter, with a Taotie pattern on the abdomen and beaded patterns on the upper and lower parts, for sacrificial purposes.
2. Taotie pattern and wine culture
"Shuowen": Zun is a thing specially used for offering sacrifices or entertaining guests. Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty: "I visited Zige Peak in the morning and stayed in the village at the foot of the mountain in the evening. The village elder was so happy to see Yu that he opened a statue for me." "Zun" refers to the wine vessel, which is equivalent to the modern wine pot. A bronze statue with Taotie pattern from the Shang Dynasty was unearthed in Qianshan County, Anhui Province in 1912. It has been buried underground for more than 3,000 years and is still shining with green light and exquisite decoration. , this statue is 21.5 cm high, 19.4 cm in diameter, and weighs 2 kg. It is in the shape of a trumpet, with a high neck, bulging belly and round feet. It is named after the Taotie pattern on the jewelry. The Taotie pattern symbolizes the facial shape of a gluttonous beast in ancient legends. It was often used as a theme decoration on utensils from the Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty. It was often lined with cloud and thunder patterns, and the patterns varied.
Another example is the bronze statue with an ox-headed gluttonous pattern: Shang (1600 BC - 1046 BC), 30.5 cm high and 28 cm in diameter. It was unearthed from the Zhengzhou Xiangyang *** Food Factory in 1982 and was used as a sacrifice for the ancestors. Utensils. The jue with the Taotie pattern was a drinking vessel that could only be used by nobles of the fifth rank in the Shang Dynasty. The jue is a drinking vessel with a "flow" for drinking in the front, a cup in the middle, a tail at the back, ears on one side, and three legs on the bottom. There is a pillar between the "liu" and the cup. In addition to being used for decoration, it can also be used to hold the bridge of the nose when drinking, which can prevent excessive drinking. Jue gradually disappeared after the early Western Zhou Dynasty.
3. Taotie pattern and architectural art
Taotie pattern decoration is also commonly used in ancient building materials.
Such as the Taotie pattern half tile: it is an ancient waterproof building component of the roof, made of fired clay. In 1957, on the west bank of the moat about 700 meters south of Guang'anmen Bridge, a half-tiled tile was unearthed. Archaeologists identified it as a unique roof waterproofing component of palace buildings in the Yan State during the Warring States Period. The Taotie-patterned half-tiles provide strong proof of the long history of urban construction and superb architectural art in Beijing. In 1972, two half-tiles with gluttonous patterns and two tiles with animal faces from the Warring States Period were unearthed in Hanjia Hutong, Xuanwu District.
There are also Taotie pattern tiles from the Warring States Period: they are mostly semi-circular, with generous pattern reliefs, good far-sightedness, and a clear overall sense of block surface.
4. Taotie pattern and furniture decoration:
The unearthed Taotie pattern cicada-shaped urn is made of bronze, with a long and narrow surface, upturned ends, and a slightly concave middle. The whole body is surrounded by cicada patterns, gluttonous patterns, etc. From its shape, we can see the shape and decoration of table furniture in later generations.
5. Taotie pattern and music:
Shang: A large cymbal with a Taotie pattern, 48.5 cm high, collected by the Tianjin Museum. This type of large single piece of copper can only be placed on a specially made Played on the stand, it is the sound of the plant.
In ancient times, there were also Taotie patterns such as Zu Yijue, Incense Burner, Zen pattern, Pan Shou pattern, Zhi Nei Ge pattern, Hua Ladle pattern, etc. It can be seen that the Taotie pattern is closely related to the lives of our ancestors and the cultural life of our ancestors, which fully reflects the wisdom and creativity of the working people in ancient my country.
Modern gluttony and gluttony pattern culture
1. Advertising Gluttony Night
Mr. Boursicot, a French advertising collector, is the founder of "Advertising Gluttony Night" Founder is a grand event for advertising professionals. Its door is open to everyone. People in the industry can see and learn creative expression techniques of advertising, and people outside the industry can also get pleasure and enjoyment from it. The most important thing about its success is that it provides young audiences with an excellent place to vent their emotions. It is a cheerful and rational vent that is hot but not crazy. "Advertising Gluttony Night" prepares an advertising feast for the audience, which is to satisfy everyone present. Advertising Gluttonous Night has entered its 24th year of global screening (started in 1984). Every advertising night, there are carnival scenes in the streets wearing masks, waving balloons, shouting and singing. In modern culture, gluttony also indicates the relaxation of the soul and the satisfaction of desires.
2. The Taotie pattern and the prototype of the sculpture art "Dancing"
At the intersection of Yi'an Road and Tianqiao North Road in Beijing, there is a tall bronze sculpture that looks like an ancient sculpture from a distance. It is a wine vessel, but if you look closely, its three-legged image seems to be three abstract figures dancing. The name of the sculpture is "Dancing". Its origin is that the staff of the Municipal Cultural Administration Office were inspired by two bronzes - Wenjue from the early Shang Dynasty, and carried out artistic design to shape it. In modern times, there are also interior architectural designs designed with Taotie patterns.
3. Taotie and Education
The historical legend of Taotie warns people to be restrained in what they do and what they ask for. A person regards everything around him as his own bargaining chip, and then uses any means to achieve his goal. This kind of person is very scary, just like a glutton who likes to eat. His pursuit of desires is broad, his standards are high, and the people he hurts are also terrible. Many are extremely harmful. The symbolic meaning of gluttony is a good theme for our moral education of future generations.
The Taotie and Taotie pattern culture has a long history in China, and its cultural influence has been profound in ancient China, modern times and even the world.