Montessori Curriculum Introduction

1. I want to know about the Montessori curriculum system and what the Hexin Culture Group is like

The Hexin Culture Group has three class settings and five regional courses. System

Three class types

Montessori Nido class

Nido means a warm and safe place for babies. Suitable for ages: 0-18 months

Montessori IC class

IC means infant community. Suitable for ages: 18-36 months:

Montessori CASA class

casa means: children's home. Suitable for ages: 3-6 years old

Five regional curriculum systems

Daily life education

Sensory education

Language education

Mathematics education

Science, culture and art education

2. Educational content and objectives of Montessori mathematics curriculum for young children

How much time should it take to learn the complete target content.

3. What are the specific courses of 150 Montessori?

They include psychological sensory movement (0-3), language (0-6), sensory (3-6), mathematics ( 3-6), Montessori mathematics and geometry (5-14), and more than 100 hours of Montessori systematic courses.

4. What content does the Zhiyun Montessori course include?

Daily life areas

Cultivate children’s gross muscles and small muscles The ability of muscle tissue enhances the ability to control one's own body, thereby transforming children from natural persons to social persons, breaking away from excessive dependence on parents, learning the ability to take care of themselves, learning to help others, taking care of the environment, and cultivating a sense of responsibility for family and society. . And form good social interaction behaviors to prepare for entering formal social life in the future.

2. Sensory field

Cultivate children’s sensory abilities of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. , so that every sense of the child is sensitive and fully developed. To prepare for the study of mathematics and other fields, to strengthen the perception of society and knowledge, and to cultivate preliminary sequence, arrangement of concepts and abstract thinking abilities.

3. Mathematics

Cultivate the concept of numbers, understand the relationship between addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and be able to do calculations within 10,000 Be able to add, subtract, multiply and divide, do simple measurement work, and develop logical thinking and creative abilities.

4. Language field

Cultivate children’s listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities, and help children write and read better, Enable children to form good reading and writing habits in their childhood, cultivate their interest in reading, enhance their oral expression skills, strengthen their listening and reading skills, and improve their writing skills.

5. Scientific and cultural fields

Increase children’s knowledge, broaden their horizons, and cultivate their interest in science and their ability to explore and seek knowledge. Spirit, enable children to have creative thinking and practical abilities from an early age, and understand basic knowledge of flora and fauna, geography, astronomy, and history.

5. What is Montessori education

Montessori education is named after the Italian female educator Maria Montessori (1870~1952) An educational method.

The unique charm of the Montessori education method comes from the full research and understanding of children, observing children's sensitive periods, stimulating children's potential, and developing children's independence, confidence, and concentration in a relaxed and pleasant environment. , creativity and other abilities to lay a good quality foundation for the future growth of children.

The Montessori education method has spread all over the European continent and has also gone to the world. The promotion of the Montessori education method has achieved fruitful results for a century. Its theory has been continuously improved and developed, and has been generally praised and recognized by the early childhood education circles around the world.

(5) Extended reading of Montessori curriculum introduction

Montessori believes that children have great potential and their life development is towards independence. Through specific exercises such as basic life ability exercises, five senses exercises, intelligence exercises (language, mathematics, science), etc., the foundation of a sound personality is formed.

A Montessori classroom is the prototype of a small society, where children learn to respect and accept others, learn how to share the knowledge and skills they have learned, and learn how to lead others. Montessori classrooms provide an environment for developing children's emotional intelligence.

Montessori courses include sensation, movement, physical ability, language and moral development, etc., so that individuals can become a person who is integrated physically and mentally. "Freedom" and "discipline" are integrated, and "individuality" and "group" are taken into consideration. Inspire young children to enable them to solve difficulties, adapt to new environments, and achieve self-construction and mental development.

6. What are the core concepts of Montessori education?

The core concepts of Montessori education are freedom and discipline.

(6) Extended reading on Montessori curriculum introduction

Montessori education has a set of learning tools that contain unlimited educational value. This set of learning tools makes use of the sensitivity of children's senses. Through the teaching aids that can be operated by young children, children can explore in the operation easily and happily, and absorb many abstract concepts during the exploration. Respect the repetitive practice characteristics of children. All learning tools can be operated repeatedly by children to meet their physical and psychological needs.

Teachers are in the position of assisting and guiding - teachers must give up the traditional self-righteous education method, but provide timely assistance and guidance to children from the side, so that children can become the main body of education.

Parents are the real key - children's education is not limited to the school, but the influence of the entire social environment is omnipresent.

Grasp the learning of sensitive periods - Children aged 0 to 6 years old will have various "sensitive periods" in which they have preferences for different things at different stages of growth.

7. At what age should a child start taking Montessori courses?

"Montessori education" as the name suggests is named after an educator. She is the Italian female educator Maria Montessori. (Maria Montessori, 1870~1952)

In 1907, Montessori established a "Children's Home" in the ghetto of Rome. Recruiting children aged 3 to 6 years old for education, she used her own original teaching methods, and the results were astonishing; those "ordinary, poor" children, after a few years, underwent tremendous mental changes and were cultivated into They have produced young talents who are smart, confident, educated, and full of vitality. Montessori's brand-new teaching method, which has great educational charm, caused a sensation throughout Europe. "Reports about these wonderful children spread quickly like wildfire." Many new "children's homes" were built on the Montessori model.

In 1909, Montessori wrote the book "Scientific Educational Methods Used in Children's Homes". This work was published in the United States in 1912. At the same time, it was quickly translated into more than 20 languages ????and circulated around the world; more than 100 Many countries have introduced Montessori methods, and the Montessori movement has also appeared in Europe and the United States. From 1913 to 1915, Montessori schools spread to all continents around the world. By the 1940s, there were more than 2,000 in the United States alone. Montessori caused a revolution in early childhood education around the world. [Edit this paragraph] Basic principles of Montessori education: 1. Child-centered. Oppose the adult-oriented teaching perspective and regard children as independent individuals different from adults.

2. Education without teaching. We oppose cramming teaching and advocate starting from daily life training, with a good learning environment and rich teaching aids, so that children can learn spontaneously and actively and construct a perfect personality by themselves.

3. Understand children’s sensitive periods. Follow the characteristics of sensitive period learning to get the maximum learning effect.

4. Teachers play the role of facilitator. Teachers must have a deep knowledge and understanding of children's spiritual world and a thorough understanding of children's development conditions in order to provide appropriate and timely assistance and guidance to children.

5. Cultivation of complete personality. The biggest purpose of early childhood education is to help children normalize.

6. Respect the pace of children’s growth. There is no class schedule and no starting and finishing time, so that children can focus on developing their inner needs.

7. Mixed-age teaching. Children of different ages will imitate and learn from each other, and develop good social behaviors in which children are willing to help others.

8. Rich teaching materials and teaching aids. Teaching aids are materials for children's work. Through "work", children construct a perfect personality from self-repetitive operations and exercises.

9. Get rid of the reward and punishment system. Adopt a respectful approach to children and cultivate their budding sense of dignity.

10. Explosive teaching results. Adopt a method that respects the child's inner needs and allows the child to grow in a timely and appropriate manner. The results will not be easy to detect in the short term, but at a certain time, the inner mental growth of the child will be demonstrated with explosive power. [Edit this paragraph] Characteristics of Montessori education Montessori believes that children have great potential and the development of their lives is towards independence. Through specific exercises such as basic life ability exercises, five senses exercises, intelligence exercises (language, mathematics, science), etc., the foundation of a sound personality is formed.

Principles of Montessori education:

Child-centered - creating a center for children so that they can "do things independently" own” “children’s world”.

Provide adequate teaching aids - Children learn through their senses. The more good teaching aids we provide them, the more we can stimulate their inner potential. Therefore, designing a suitable growth environment for children should provide a wealth of teaching materials (including natural and humanistic ones) to induce his interest in self-learning.

Education without "teaching" - It opposes the traditional teacher-centered cramming education, and advocates that through a good learning environment and bright and rich teaching aids, children can take the initiative to contact and study, and form wisdom. .

Grasp the learning of sensitive periods - Children aged 0 to 6 years old will have various "sensitive periods" in which they have preferences for different things at different stages of growth. Montessori's scientific early childhood education method emphasizes grasping children's "sensitive periods" and providing appropriate learning.

Montessori education has a set of learning tools that contain unlimited educational value. This set of learning tools takes advantage of the sensitivity of children's senses and allows children to learn in a relaxed and happy manner through teaching aids that can be operated by children. Explore during operation and absorb many abstract concepts during exploration. Respect the repetitive practice characteristics of children. All learning tools can be operated repeatedly by children to meet their physical and psychological needs.

Parents are the real key - children's education is not limited to the school, but the influence of the entire social environment is omnipresent. In the parent-child class of Xinai Paradise, parents can not only learn advanced teaching concepts and teaching methods, but also take classes with their babies to enhance parent-child relationships during the course. [Edit this paragraph] The value of Montessori education: The unique charm of Montessori education comes from the full research and understanding of children, observing children's sensitive periods, stimulating children's potential, and developing children's independence in a relaxed and pleasant environment , self-confidence, concentration, creativity and other abilities, laying a good quality foundation for the future growth of children. The Montessori education method has spread all over the European continent and has also gone to the world. The promotion of the Montessori education method has achieved fruitful results for a century. Its theory has been continuously improved and developed, and has been generally praised and recognized by the early childhood education circles around the world. It is widely used in the United States, Europe, Japan, Preschool education in developed countries such as Singapore and Australia has attracted great attention, and Montessori schools have spread to more than 100 countries. [Edit this paragraph] Current situation of Montessori education in China The trend of spread of Montessori education in kindergartens is from the coast to the inland, from big cities to small and medium-sized cities, from kindergartens run by units, private kindergartens to kindergartens run by education departments. Currently, it has Covering more than 20 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country except the *** autonomous region.

As early as the beginning of the 20th century, with the emergence of the Chinese translation of the "Montessori Education Method", Montessori education was introduced into our country. At that time, Mr. Chen Heqin, a famous early childhood educator in my country, commented on Montessori: Her efforts and achievements opened a new chapter in early childhood education and made early childhood education refreshing. In 1914, the "Montessori Education Method Research Association" was established in Jiangsu Province. In 1923, two Montessori classes were opened in Mengyang Garden affiliated to the National Peking Women's Normal University (it was discontinued in 1926 due to personnel changes). These were the circumstances when Montessori was introduced to our country. At that time, our country and other countries in the world came into contact with Montessori education at the same time. Once Montessori education was introduced, it was well received and welcomed by the domestic early childhood education community.

However, in the first half of the 20th century, China was experiencing political decline, economic backwardness, and people living in poverty. The number of kindergartens was extremely limited, and most of them were run by foreign committees. The number of kindergartens run by Chinese people was small and small. , with limited funds, unable to adopt the acclaimed Montessori education. In the early 1930s, Dr. Montessori sent a letter to the Chinese Minister of Education, inviting China to send personnel to Rome to participate in teacher training, and to collect reports and books on the use of this education in China. Mr. Jiang Menglin, my country’s then Minister of Education, replied: Your There are many teaching aids, but they are not very economical. China mostly uses design teaching methods. The teaching materials are taken from daily life and there is no need to purchase teaching aids. There are also reports, articles and translated books claiming that China has not implemented Montessori. The words of the Minister of Education reflected the actual situation at that time. Although Montessori education was praised, it was not suitable for our country's national conditions at that time and therefore failed to spread.

In 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded and the country's comprehensive construction began. At that time, the Communist Party of China proposed the policy of "comprehensively studying the Soviet Union". The Central Ministry of Education hired Soviet early childhood education experts to translate Soviet teaching materials and transform China's early childhood education with the Soviet preschool education model. They regard early childhood education ideas and early childhood educators in Western countries as bourgeois in nature and hold a critical and negative attitude. Montessori and the early childhood education method she founded are also not immune to criticism. They have been labeled as idealistic worldview, bourgeois child-centrism, bourgeois liberal education, mechanical sensory training, and education for mentally retarded children. Normal children, etc., were completely rejected.

Criticisms of Montessori education followed the rise of political movements and are therefore numerous. The consequences of long-term criticism are: it prevents people from truly understanding Montessori and her education; the biased views held by criticism lead to the destruction and distortion of Montessori education; and it imprisons Montessori in practice. It benefits education so that no one knows about it, let alone adopts it.

After 1978, a new page of history was opened, and the academic community gradually became pragmatic, open, and corrected mistakes. After opening up the country, Mr. Lu Leshan, a professor at Beijing Normal University and a senior figure in my country’s early childhood education field, discovered from early childhood education in the outside world that Montessori education still existed and was able to develop and grow around the world. Finally, in 1985, it was discontinued. Sixty years later - the book "Montessori's Early Childhood Education" edited by Professor Lu was published by Beijing Normal University Press. In 1990 and 1993, the People's Education Press published a series of famous works on foreign education, and successively translated four of Montessori's monographs, namely "Secret of Childhood", "Absorptive Psychology", "Montessori" "Profit Education Law" and "Spontaneous Activities in Education". At the same time, criticism of Montessori was discontinued in university courses and replaced by an objective introduction to Montessori education.

With the advancement of my country's reform and opening up, overseas early childhood education exchanges have become increasingly rapid. Some people who love the country and are enthusiastic about early childhood education have brought information about the implementation of Montessori education in Taiwanese kindergartens and plan to transfer this information High-quality early childhood education methods are provided to the vast number of young children in mainland China. They found partners to implement their long-cherished wish. In 1994, Beijing Normal University cooperated with the Taiwan Montessori Enlightenment Research Foundation to introduce a research project on Montessori education. Beijing Normal University Experimental Kindergarten and Beijing Beihai Kindergarten became the experimental bases of the project. During the summer vacation of 1994, Taiwan sent lecturers to Beijing Normal University to train teachers. After the start of the fall semester, the "Experimental Research on the Sinicization of Montessori Education" project was officially launched. Beijing Normal University Wistar Company closely followed the experimental research and completed the production of Montessori teaching aids in the spring of 1996, becoming the first company in my country to produce Montessori teaching aids. At the same time, the No. 3 Kindergarten in Chongwen District, Beijing, and the Montessori Kindergarten in Yinchuan, Ningxia, also started experimental research on Montessori education. This marked the beginning of the application of Montessori education in kindergartens in my country.

The results of the experimental progress gradually spread. The first people who were attracted were parents. They hoped that their children could also receive this good education. Gradually, more kindergartens opened Montessori. Li Education Experimental Class. The spread of Montessori education in kindergartens is from the coast to the inland, from big cities to small and medium-sized cities, from kindergartens run by units, private schools to kindergartens run by education departments. It has now spread throughout the country except the *** autonomous region. More than a dozen provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

The development level of many Montessori classes is still uneven. A group of kindergartens participating in the research are committed to localized research on Montessori education and have achieved remarkable results. They are still making unremitting efforts to explore, research and improve. There are also some kindergartens that have a very superficial understanding of the concepts of Montessori education and have achieved very few results due to lack of teacher training or being driven by financial interests.

Looking back on the 10-year journey of integrating Montessori education into kindergarten education in my country, I have a lot of emotions. I would like to summarize a few key points to share with my colleagues:

1. Love children and respect children’s learning. The will to be independent allows children to learn independently and freely through their own efforts.

2. Carefully creating a suitable environment is an important responsibility of educators. The environment is the determining factor in children's self-growth and development.

3. Children practice independence in "work" and complete the mission of self-growth.

4. Comply with the natural growth patterns of children and do not force or pressure.

5. Educators must learn to "wait and wait", "restraint", "be impartial and selfless" and ensure the realization of children's freedom.

6. Use teaching aids and areas of human activity other than teaching aids to promote the overall development of children.

7. Absorb Chinese culture and contemporary scientific and technological achievements, adapt to the local environment and adapt to the times.

8. Adopt modern innovative education models and teaching methods to enrich and develop children’s early education. [Edit this paragraph] Montessori's view of children From the perspective of development, Montessori believes that 'children are a developing body and a developing mind; the period of children's development is the most important period in a person's life . Young children are in a process of constant growth, development and change, and it is mainly internal natural development. In this continuous natural development process, children's development includes both physical and psychological development.

According to Montessori, young children contain vibrant impulses within their bodies. It is this instinctive spontaneous impulse that gives him positive vitality and promotes his continuous development. One is the dominant instinct, which provides guidance and protection to babies in the early stages of life, and even determines the survival of the species. The second is work instinct, which is a basic characteristic of human beings. It is through continuous work that children create, so that they can be fully satisfied and form their own personality. It can both renew mankind and improve the human environment.

In terms of psychology, children’s psychological development has both a certain process and hidden characteristics. Montessori believed that a child is a "spiritual (psychological) embryo". Because every baby has a creative instinct and a positive potential that can rely on his environment to build a spiritual world, children are not only a physical existence, but also a spiritual existence. The spirit of each child is also different, and each has its own creative spirit.

According to Montessori, various "sensitive periods" will appear in the psychological development of young children. She said: "It is this sensitive period that enables children to contact the outside world with a unique intensity. During this period, they learn everything easily and are full of vitality and passion for everything." Human intellectual development is based on the foundation laid during the sensitive period of childhood.

1. The sensitive period for order begins in the first year of life and lasts until four years of age. This is an internal sense in young children to distinguish the relationships between various objects, rather than the objects themselves.

2. Sensitive period for details: Children will show sensitivity to details when they are 2-3 years old, and their attention is often focused on the smallest details. This shows the existence of the spiritual life of young children and that young children and adults have two different intellectual horizons.

3. Coordination Sensitive Period This is the most easily observed sensitive period in young children's development. Young children learn to walk through individual effort and gradually gain balance and a steady stride. It should appear between 2 and 3 years of age.

4. During the tactile sensitive period, young children will stretch out their little hands toward external objects. The initial thrust of this movement represents the child's entrance into the external world. It is through the activities of hands that young children can develop themselves and their own minds.

5． The sensitive period of language: around 2 months old, young children begin to absorb language. The language they acquire is what they hear from the surrounding environment. When he speaks his first words, nothing special needs to be prepared for him. According to Montessori, the acquisition and application of language ability is one of the external manifestations of children's intellectual development.

Montessori emphasized that attention should be paid to the close relationship between children's psychological development and physical development. She said: "If psychological depression affects metabolism and therefore reduces a person's vitality, then it is certain that the opposite situation will also occur. A rich psychological experience can increase the speed of metabolism and thus increase the rate of metabolism. Promote a person's physical health. "[Edit this paragraph] Montessori sensory education and training 1. Montessori sensory education

Sensory education plays an important role in the Montessori education system. , and became a major part of her educational experiments. In her writings, a large amount of space is devoted to the relationship and close connection between sensory education and training, sports training and intellectual development, as well as sensory education and discipline education, knowledge and skills cultivation.

She believes that the main purpose of sensory education is to make children's sensibility more agile, accurate and refined by training children's attention, comparison, observation and judgment abilities.

According to Montessori, children in the preschool stage are particularly sensitive to various feelings and are in a sensitive period of various feelings. If they do not carry out sufficient sensory activities during this period, it will not only be difficult to make up for it when they grow up, but also will lead to Its entire mental development will be damaged. Therefore, it is extremely important to carry out various sensory education in early childhood. At the same time, she believes that the senses are the windows to the soul and are of primary importance to intellectual development. Sensory training is closely related to intellectual cultivation. Furthermore, she also believes that people's intelligence level has a great relationship with education. Through sensory education, certain sensory defects that affect intellectual development can be discovered at an early stage, and measures can be taken in time to correct and improve them.

Montessori’s sensory education includes training of the senses such as vision, touch, hearing, smell and taste.

Visual training is to help children improve their visual perception of measurement and identify size, height, thickness, length, shape, color and different geometric shapes; tactile training is to help children distinguish whether objects are smooth or rough, and distinguish The temperature is hot and cold, and the weight, size, and thickness of objects can be distinguished; auditory training is to make children accustomed to distinguishing the differences between sounds, so that they can not only distinguish timbre and pitch during listening training, but also cultivate preliminary aesthetic and Appreciation ability; smell and taste training focuses on improving the sensitivity of children's sense of smell and taste. Montessori hopes that through this series of sensory training, children will become more keen observers, promote and develop their ability to feel in general, and put their various feelings in a more satisfactory state of preparation to complete tasks such as Complex movements such as reading and writing also lay the foundation for future mathematics learning.

Montessori’s sensory education follows certain principles and methods. She believes that the implementation of sensory education should follow the principle of step-by-step, and she advocates that children learn according to their own abilities and needs, so that children can make free choices, operate independently, self-correct, and work hard through their own interests in sensory training. Take control of yourself and your environment. Therefore, Montessori educational teaching aids are equipped with a special error control system so that children can "self-educate" according to the hints of the teaching aids during the operation.

8. Advantages and disadvantages of Montessori education

Montessori education is an educational method for children today. It can stimulate children's potential through a good environment and good resources. , and make children learn very happily. This can establish children's sense of autonomy in learning and cultivate children's creativity. 3. Disadvantages of Montessori education

The main disadvantage of Montessori education is that this education has not been fully promoted in China, so families have not played an effective cooperative role. And today, most schools in our country still adopt the traditional education method, which is contrary to Montessori education, so naturally it cannot adapt to the traditional trend.

9. Benefits of Montessori Mathematics

Benefits:

1. Children’s abilities in creativity, logic, order, independence and other aspects will be improved. There is a big improvement.

2. Children can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operations within a thousand digits before the age of 6, reaching the level of the second grade of elementary school.

3. Those with good intellectual ability can perform mental arithmetic of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division within a thousand places.

4. Children’s mathematics scores in primary school are generally higher than those of their peers, and they have always maintained an interest in mathematics.

5. The more indirect impact is on the child’s future life. No matter what career the child is engaged in, cultivating the child’s inner order from an early age will lay a good foundation for the child in any field in the future. Base. And if all this is shaped and cultivated before the child's mind is finalized, the effect will be far better than after the child's mind matures. Cultivating children's independence, self-confidence, creativity, logical thinking ability and precise sense of order will benefit them throughout their lives.

Introduction: Montessori mathematics is a set of teaching materials that make children interested in mathematics through "games".

Montessori mathematics integrates abstract mathematical concepts and profound mathematical ideas into simple and interesting teaching aids. Children will subtly learn to use Montessori mathematics paper teaching aids by enthusiastically operating them and completing supporting exercises (painting, cutting, pasting), etc. Understand mathematical concepts thoroughly and form vivid and intuitive thinking. This is an effect that requires a lot of arduous training in traditional mathematics learning. Children will show explosive learning effects after entering elementary school!