Shen Qiyuan
There is a jingle in the old place name of Nanming District. Because it sounds cadence, catchy and easy to remember. The jingle is: "Yujiaba, Ergezhai, Sanbanqiao, Sifang River, Wuliguan, Liu Dong Bridge, Qilichong, Balitun, Jiujialu and Shililing Street." The jingle begins with a number, and the old place names in Nanming District are recorded by homophonic method. Place names are named after dam, bridge, river, Guan, Chong, Tun, Jie and Zhai, which embodies the natural attributes of place names.
Place names are a social phenomenon, a historical phenomenon, a historical record of human civilization, a reflection of national psychology and local customs, closely related to people's lives and an intangible cultural heritage of mankind. It has distinctive national color, local color and times color, and often has certain historical content. Some place names also provide historical clues and basis for studying historical issues.
The legend of Yujiaba
Near the street corner of Jiandao Road, there is an alley called Mishi Lane, and its top meets Xinglong West Lane on the north side of Xinhua Road. There is a place called Yujiaba on one side of the interchange. There is nothing special here except a few old acacia trees. Why is this place called Yujiaba? There is a legend among the old local population.
In the early years of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, and the rule of Yuan Dynasty collapsed rapidly in Guizhou. Those Mongolian dignitaries who once ruled Guizhou in Shunyuan City (now part of Nanming District and Yunyan District) lost their dependence and lived in fear all day, each planning how to escape and save their lives. Some powerful people fled to Yunnan with their treasures, while those who could not fly changed their names and surnames and hid among the people in four townships and eight villages. When the Mongolian aristocrats ruled Shunyuan City, they divided people into several classes, among which the Mongols were the noblest and the Han and other ethnic groups were the lowest, and they were devastated and oppressed. The establishment of the Ming Dynasty set off a wave of revenge among all ethnic groups, and many Mongolians who came up with ideas in the later period were killed. A Mongolian named Tuogujin quietly moved to a place called "Golden Admiralty" (now Zhu Jin Town, Huaxi District) with his family. His family has lived in Guizhou for generations, and their life, language and habits are similar to those of the locals. In order to avoid others seeing that his family is Mongolian, he dare not say his surname is Tuogujin. Because the place where he moved is called Admiralty Park, and there is a word "Jin" in his surname, it is logical to change his surname to "Jin". The Jin family honestly reclaimed land in their place of residence and lived peacefully for several years. Because he used to enjoy an easy life, he couldn't stand the poverty and loneliness in his place of residence. Kim's parents often drown their sorrows in wine and gradually lose their vigilance. In the past, his constantly chauffeured temper relapse. Once a drunk injured a villager and blurted out a few Mongolian words, which revealed the clues. The enraged villagers gathered hundreds of people to chase them to their home with hoes and rakes. Laojin was killed on the spot and the family was beaten to pieces. The two sons of the Kim family, young and strong, fled from the south gate of Shunyuan City and were homeless, and settled down in caves next to several big locust trees. The two brothers felt sorry for themselves and couldn't starve to death with their eyes open, so they learned from the locals to find two poles and buckets and went to Nanming River to fetch water and sell it for a living. Over time, the two brothers got calluses on their shoulders, became docile in temper, and had some savings in their hands, so they built a hut next to the cave. The villagers nearby are always ready to help others. Seeing that the two brothers are very hard-working, someone asked their names and surnames, set them up and proposed marriage. The two brothers were afraid to tell the truth about their surname Jin, and the eldest brother had a brainwave. He removed the golden character of the Jin surname and said that their surname was Yu. Since then, the two brothers married and had children, and their family business has gradually flourished. It turned out that this sparsely populated place gradually became lively, and dozens of tile houses were built, which were called "Yujiaba" and passed down. At the beginning of the 20th century, when the old city of Yujiaba was rebuilt, all the residents moved and a residential area named "Wujiang Xinyuan" was built by Wujiang Electric Power Company.
The origin of the name of Ergezhai village
Speaking of Ergezhai, Guiyang people all know that it is the location of Guiyang South Station, the largest railway hub station in southwest China. In fact, Ergezhai is a Buyi village on the edge of Guiyang South Station. Ergezhai, formerly known as Ergezhai, was a Miao village in the Ming Dynasty. In order to safeguard their own interests and security, Miao compatriots set up fortifications here to prevent officers and soldiers from invading. Miao leader sent his son, second brother, to stick to the village. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the government sent Fu Youde, a southern general, to send troops to suppress the Miao people who attacked Mengguan and besieged the village. His second brother resisted until he ran out of ammunition and committed suicide. It is said that the second brother couldn't stand up when he died. The officers and men were surprised when they saw it, so they told Fu Youde about it. Fu personally came to visit him and bowed down to the body of his second brother, who also fell down. Later, the Miao people named this village Ergezhai in order to show their respect for the second brother's dedication to national interests. Later, he thought the name second brother was indecent, so he changed the name of second brother village to second brother village according to the meaning of "second brother defending Chu State" in Zuo Zhuan.
Ma 'er sandals in Sanbanqiao
Sanbanqiao is an old place name in Guiyang, which is now called Han Xiang Street. It starts from Xingshi Road (formerly known as Du Shi Lion and Fenzipo) in the south and ends at a small street on Zhongshan East Road (formerly known as Sanlangpo and Xiao Xiong) in the north. Because it is located in the city center, there are many pedestrians coming and going. During Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty (1851~1861), a drainage ditch flowed through this street from Fushui South Road (formerly known as Fude Street). In order to facilitate people to pass, a small bridge was built on the drainage ditch, and three boards were used for pedestrians to pass, so it was named Sanbanqiao. In the tenth year of Guangxu (1884), the wooden bridge was transformed into a small stone bridge, which was still paved with three stone slabs. The road behind was raised, the drainage ditch was changed into an open ditch, and the road was built. From then on, there was no trace of the bridge, so there was a saying that "you can't see the bridge when you cross the bridge." There is an ancestral temple in this street, which is dedicated to Xiao He and Cao Can, ministers of the Han Dynasty. It is called Han Xiangci. After the Revolution of 1911, Han Xiangci was changed to Dade Girls' School. At that time, Sanbanqiao was once called Chinese fragrant ci. In the 1940s, this street was renamed Han Xiang Road. During the Cultural Revolution, some people thought that the name of this road was feudal, and there were many Hunan residents living in this street, so they added three points of water to the word "Xiang" to make it a street.
In the past, many residents of this street were engaged in manual labor of playing straw sandals, and Guiyang people verbally called this street "Straw Shoes Street". Speaking of the hemp-ear straw sandals of Banqiao in Guiyang, the old Guiyang people don't know much now. Especially in summer, wearing a pair of hemp-ear sandals looks nice, cool and very comfortable.
The raw materials for making straw sandals in Sanbanqiao mainly use Huishui, Qingyan's late rice straw (that is, straw stalk, also called rice straw), green hemp and thread (cotton straw sandals). There are five main types of straw sandals: the first type is called walking straw sandals, which use straw to hit the floor and have sparse ears, which is the lowest among straw sandals. The second type is called processing straw sandals, which use straw to hit the bottom plate, and have more thread ears, which are closer than straw sandals and are carefully processed. The third kind is called flower overshoes, also called flower sandals. This kind of straw sandals, the shoes are tight and meticulous, and the ears are all covered on the shoes. There are two kinds of flowers: weaving flowers and tying flowers. Weave different colors of white flowers, five petals, cross flowers and other patterns at the ear line; To tie flowers is to tie a pompon-style flower ornament made of thread on the bridge of shoes, which gives people a sense of beauty. The fourth kind is called straw sandals, also called straw sandals. The shoes are all green and hemp, and the ears are tight. This kind of straw sandals is wear-resistant and not easy to be damaged, and it is a brand in Sanbanqiao straw sandals. The fifth kind is called rubber band sandals, which are made of rubber bands on the shoe board and wear-resistant. It is a popular variety from 1948 to the early liberation.
Banqiao sandals are mainly sold to vendors, vendors and passers-by, and the collective purchase is mainly the army. If it is purchased by the military, a batch is hundreds of pairs, which are supplied centrally by households. If the quantity is not enough, it will be processed day and night. On April 8 every year, ethnic minorities go to the city for a holiday, and the street of straw sandals is bustling with pedestrians, and the demand for weaving flowers and shoes is in short supply. Legend has it that the founder of Dharma was the ancestor of playing straw sandals. Every year, the operators of straw sandals go to the temples in Dongshan or Qianling Mountain to worship the founder of Dharma and have dinner in the mountains. During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei was born with straw sandals, and some people who played straw sandals in Sanbanqiao were provided with Liu Bei's idols.
Anecdotes of Sifang River
The name of Sifang River first appeared in the Illustration of Guizhou during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and it was also recorded in Jiajing's Records of Guizhou. The Complete Works of Guo in Wanli Period of Ming Dynasty said: "... Sifang River Whistle, Ganyingtang Whistle. There are 20 officers and men stationed at Sifanghe post, and militia 10. Sifang River is the name of a section of Nanming River entering the area, and it is also the name of a Buyi village named Ge. According to Ge, an old villager in the 1982 place name survey, his ancestors moved from Luling County, Ji 'an Prefecture, Jiangxi Province during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. A village was built in a place near the mountains and rivers outside Guiyang. Because the section of the river seen in front of the stockade is flat and square, it is named Sifang River. The name of Sifang River was quickly recognized by everyone and became the name of the village where the hut was built, which has been used ever since. Sifang Hezhai sits west to east, with its back against the green hills and facing the green waters, and it is surrounded by mountains and waters, thus consolidating a good city. At the stone pass of Sifang River, there is a stone boat on the only way to enter the village, half of which extends on the road and half into the river. There is a stone saddle by the roadside, which is a thing to add scenery. It's called "riding into the green hills and riding in the green waters". During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, many figures appeared in Sifanghe Village, such as Ge, who was awarded the title of "Wudelang" by the Qing government, Ge Fengxiang, who was awarded the title of "Top Scholar in Chinese Studies" during the Guangxu period, and Ge Ziyi.
The Story of Liu Dong Bridge
Liu Dong Bridge is located in the south of Guiyang, which is a section of Guancheng River (Yudai River) behind the Customs Building. It is named after six bridges. Liu Dong Bridge was originally named Yuedian Hongqiao. In the Qing Dynasty, Guizhou Tongzhi said: "Yuedian Hongqiao was also named Liu Dong Bridge before (Guiyang) county governance." "Guiyang Fuzhi" said: "Six-hole bridge, in front of Yongxiang Temple, formerly known as Yuedian Hongqiao, has six bridges." Since the reign of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, it was called Liu Dong Bridge because of its "Six Bridges". It was used until 1950s, and then it was renamed Liu Dong Street.
Liu Dong Bridge is a good place for Guiyang people not to go out to play in the Ming and Qing Dynasties for five or six hundred years. The Guancheng River under the bridge is clear and green, like jade, also known as Daiyu River. Yongxiang Temple, Jixiang Temple, Ganming Temple, Huayan Temple, Doumu Pavilion, Sansheng Palace, Huaguang Temple, Sui Palace, Tianhou Palace and other ancient temples, built on the south bank of the bridge and on both sides of the bridge, are connected by mountains and rivers, forming a natural scenic spot. Why are the six single-hole stone bridges built on the river less than 80 meters? There are two kinds of folklore: one is that Taoism belongs to China in feudal society, and Buddhism is a foreign religion. After the introduction of Buddhism, there were contradictions between the two religions. When the bridge was built, the Taoist built the bridge, but the monk didn't want to go, and the Taoist built the bridge. As a result, you built one, I built one, and six stone bridges were built in the river less than 80 meters. On the other hand, a six-hole bridge was built to cultivate geomantic omen. The ancients in China liked to imitate. For example, Beijing has "Eight Scenes of the Capital", so all the provincial capitals, counties, cities and counties in China have listed eight local sceneries, and Guiyang has also listed eight sceneries. There is a West Lake in Hangzhou, and Guiyang calls the river below Jiaxiu Building Xiaoxihu. There are six bridges in Hangzhou West Lake, so Guiyang has built six bridges on a section of the river that flows into Nanming River in Dai Yu. The six bridges in the West Lake all have an elegant name. The six bridges in Guiyang only use the general term "Moon Palace Hongqiao", which means that the six-hole bridge is like six rainbows in the Moon Palace. So at that time, there were two proverbs that summed up this scenic spot like couplets: "One slope and nine temples; Half a river, six-hole bridge. " During the reign of Qing Qianlong and Jiaqing, He Lv■, a poetess in Guiyang, once lived in Liu Dong Bridge. She wrote a poem about Yuyanlou in Liu Dong. In the poem, "Looking at Six Bridges at Night" said: "The river is picturesque, and sometimes people sell flowers to cross the bridge. The sound of rock follows the flowing water, and the two columns shadow the sunset. Qing generals are only as angry as Lampe in summer, and Qiu Guang is a wicker. The most bitter anvil is urgent and has never been sent far. " In the past, Guiyang people used to wash clothes by river water and well water, and washed them repeatedly by hand. "Beating clothes sticks and sticks" has become a necessity for family laundry. This poem written by this poetess 200 years ago not only eulogizes the picturesque scenery along the Tomo Yanagishita Bridge in Qiu Guang, but also depicts a bittersweet folk painting of women washing clothes and patting their pestles by the river.
Liu Dong Bridge was not only famous for its picturesque scenery in Qing Dynasty, but also a famous person from China was born here in the 17th year of Daoguang (1837). He is Zhang Zhidong, a former governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, governor of the two lakes, minister of military aircraft, and one of the leaders of the Westernization School in the late Qing Dynasty. During the term of Governor Huguang, Zhang Zhidong built Daye Iron Mine and Daye Sanshi Wang Coal Mine in Hubei, and opened Hanyang Iron Works, newly-built Hanyang Arsenal and Hubei Cement Plant. It has made great contributions to the development of heavy industry in China.
Balitun-the birthplace of abundant water
Balitun, named after the garrison in Ming and Qing Dynasties, is located in Balitun, Guiyang City. Balitun is the birthplace of rich water in Nanming River tributary, and now it is a natural village in Youzha Village, Yun Guan Township. In the west of his village, there is a mouth 4? Dajing (also known as Longjing), with a diameter of 6 meters, a width of 3 meters and a depth of 2 meters, is an ancient drinking well with spring water flowing all the year round. The flowing water of Dajing flows from Balitun, passes through Longjiazhai and Shujia Village and reaches the vicinity of Hongqiao, forming a river with a small flow called Fushui, which flows into Nanming River. When talking about the scenic spots in Guiyang, the old local chronicles said: "The water is rich in the front, the mountains are surrounded by the back, the fertile land is in the middle, and the mountains and four villages are restored." The ancient city of Guiyang was built between rich water and expensive mountains, which shows that the ancients attached importance to rich water. Rich water flows through Balitun, Longjiazhai, Shujiacun and Hongqiao, which is beneficial to irrigation and good harvest of farmland. This is a rich Guiyang River. At the entrance of Nanming River where rich water flows, there used to be a stone arch bridge named Nanpu Bridge. In ancient Guiyang, people traveled far away, and most of the people who saw me off said goodbye here. Cao wrote in a poem: "Rich water smells the local accent, and now he rides a horse. ■ Fine clothes in the wind, bright pomegranate fire. Scholars and rusu and Erhu enjoy high reputation? When you are lucky, you will shrink, and everything will always be profitable. " The whole poem describes the scenery of Nanpu farewell party with horses, clothes in the wind and bright fire, as well as the scenery of "everything is water" Fushui River was listed as one of the eight scenic spots in Guiyang in Qing Dynasty.
Jiuzao legend
The area around Chenjiapo in Nanming District used to be called "Nine Stoves", and there was a folk saying: "Redmi in the middle of Cao is ripe, Yongle Cunninghamia lanceolata is thick with two arms, sickle in the field and axe on the mountain, and steel fire needs nine stoves." Some elderly farmers like to say: nine sickles, steel fire "fine immersion", thirteen old scales, that is, only the width of willow leaves has been ground, and the beard can be repaired. Jiujialu's heyday was during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China until liberation, there were only a few blacksmiths left here. Where did the name of Jiuzao come from? There are two folk legends: one is that Zhuge Liang went south from Sichuan in the third year of Zhangwu in Shu Han, and performed his colorful military actions to capture Meng Huo and appease the people of all ethnic groups in South China. First, armies from all walks of life went hand in hand, attacking Yelang army led by Ma Zhong and killing Zhu Bao, the Sui satrap. In order to contain one side, Zhuge Liang ordered the army to be stationed in the northern border area of Lanzhou (now Guiyang), which was responsible for the construction of military equipment and the transshipment of grain and rice materials. After the troops were stationed, Ma Zhong entrusted Wang Zhi to be responsible for forging military weapons and storing materials. Wang Zhi doesn't know the art of smelting iron. When weapons are used in the battlefield, they are either curled or broken, and they often violate military aircraft by mistake, and they are also punished a lot. Mr. Cai is a book case under the account, and he recommended Jingzhou fellow villagers to cast weapons. Ye Feng is a famous cast iron craftsman and a descendant of Mo Xie. At that time, King Chu Zhao ordered the general to cast iron, which took three years to cast two swords, male and female. Two swords are as sharp as mud and can be broken by blowing. In case of wonders, they will automatically draw their swords and whistle. Because he concentrated on casting, the lieutenant exceeded the time limit given by the king of Chu. He had a premonition that something was going to happen, so he let his wife Mo Xie escape with the male sword and went to see the king of Chu with the female sword. When the king of Chu heard the magic of the sword, he immediately had a vicious idea and killed the lieutenant, lest he cast a sword for others and monopolize this rare treasure himself. So the king of Chu accused the lieutenant of delaying the casting date and committing the great crime of deceiving the king. He was sentenced to a sword test and brutally beheaded. Shortly after Mo Xie escaped, she gave birth to a posthumous child with a red nose. Red nose grew up under the guidance of her mother, stabbed the king of Chu with the male sword her mother gave him, and avenged her father. Mother and son came to Jingxiang. In a blink of an eye, over 700 years have passed. Although the past has been forgotten, his family still retains its famous ancient style and exquisite smelting skills. This is the source of Ye Feng's fame. Wang Zhi invited Ye Feng to ask him how to smelt refined iron. Ye Feng said: The success or failure of refined iron lies in quenching, and the quality of quenching lies in Longquan, which is the spring water containing dragon saliva. After careful reconnaissance, Ye Feng discovered that there was a spring named "Longquan" in the south of the autumn moon (now Chenjiapo), which came from the landslide of Nanyue Mountain in Kulan, and it was Longquan with dragon saliva. Ye Feng put forward the idea of casting furnace, Wang Zhi reported to the coach Ma Zhong, and Ma Zhong adopted it. Around the autumn moon, 998 1 stove was built, with all the stove doors facing south, fire in the south, yang number in nine, and one in nine, which is endless, with Longqiu Spring as halogen and forging day and night. The weapons manufactured are extremely sharp and continuously sent to the front line of the troops, which has made great contributions to accelerating the establishment of stability in the south. In order to commemorate this legendary story, later generations took the homonym of "99-99" as one. First, jade is the essence of stone, so they used stone instead of jade to carve out nine white stone incense burners, symbolizing the eighth rank of Kyushu, and put them on Chenjiapo. The stone stoves in all directions, with their ends facing the center, and the white stoves in the green hills, added a beautiful view.
Another legend is that in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Guiyang experienced nearly ten years of war and turmoil due to the military confrontation between the Li Yong regime in Nanming and the Qing Dynasty headed by Zhu Youlang, and the separatist struggle between Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo in Li Yong's small court. In the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), Sun Kewang was jealous of Li Dingguo's exploits and rushed to Hunan. When he set out, he hoped that God would bless him. Before he left, he offered a white horse to heaven and earth outside the south gate of Guiyang, and invited a skilled craftsman to carve nine large stone incense burners and put them at the sacrifice site to show his piety. Sun failed to return to Hunan, but was defeated by the Qing soldiers and returned to Guiyang. Due to the cold world, the nine-stone incense burner was gone, but the name of the nine-stone incense burner has been used.
In the late 1950s, some blacksmiths in Shinan Road and Shiling Street set up an ironware production cooperative named Jiuzao to make sickles, hoes, axes, coal hooks, poker and other daily necessities needed by the people.
The Story of Shilin Jingshe in Shilin Street
There is a small street near Nanming River, named Shiling Street, opposite Baba Street from No.9 Middle School of Xinhua Road to Shinan Road. The historical sections of Shiling Street are named Laizipo, Aozi Street and Yanghegou respectively. This short street faces Nanming River Yuji Bay. The river is circuitous and dark green. This section of the river faces the reputation of a small West Lake. Some private gardens were built in the Ming Dynasty. One of them is Yangjiayuan called "Shilin Jingshe", which has unique scenery, including Yuting, Shilin, Xiaoqiuchi, Mingxia Cave, Caotang, Songfengge and Cuiping Mountain. Yang Zhai Stone Forest is surrounded by mountains and waters, with grotesque rocks like forests, grotesque rocks like holes, staggered pavilions and terraces, and picturesque scenery. On this little-known street, Yang, a patriotic general and painter in the late Ming Dynasty, fought to the death with the Qing army. Long Youyang practiced martial arts since childhood, but his talent was low. He is good at fencing, especially painting and calligraphy, stretching paper and splashing ink, which makes him full of life. In the forty-six years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 18), Yang took the provincial examination at the age of 22, and the answer sheet was far from the meaning of the examination questions. Zhang Rulin, a scholar, thought himself a wizard and made an exception and was selected as the first winner. In the third year of the apocalypse (1623), he moved to Nanjing, made friends with celebrities in the south of the Yangtze River, and studied literature and martial arts. After entering politics, he successively served as the Oracle of Huating, the magistrate of Qingtian, Yongjia and Jiangning. Hong Guang in the Southern Ming Dynasty was the imperial adviser, governor, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and minister of war in the Long Wu period. He used to be the military affairs prefect, ranking first, and was one of the highest figures in Guiyang. In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646), the Qing army entered Fujian. He and Sun Lin, Fujian's deputy envoy, moved to Xianxiaguan, where they fought fiercely with the Qing army and were seriously injured. He retreated to Pucheng and was captured. The Qing army persuaded him to surrender many times, and promised to give him a generous salary. He never gave in, and finally 36 servants of his family and children died. Yang is not only talented militarily, but also has made great achievements in literature and art. He is good at calligraphy, poetry, and especially painting, and his paintings are famous all over the country. He was one of the "Nine Scholars of Jinling" in the late Ming Dynasty and one of the "Eight Masters of Chongzhen" in the poetry circle. He is a versatile talent in Guizhou after Xie Sanxiu. At that time, people called his poems, books and paintings "three wonders".
Mingxia Cave is legendary among the scenic spots in Shilin Jingshe. It is said that the origin of the name of Shiling Street is also related. According to legend, shortly after Yang's martyrdom, someone went into Mingxia Cave to look for Yang's secret book "Tie Juan Meng Shu", went straight ahead after entering the cave, and finally came out from Bailang Village in the south, 20 miles away from the entrance of Mingxia Cave. This story has spread from one story to ten stories, turning a "stone forest" into a "stone ridge". Shiling Street got its name.
(Author: Nanming District Office of Guiyang City)