Montessori defined class as work, children's work. Work is a manifestation of human nature. Children, like adults, will not feel uneasy about their work. Let them choose the materials they are interested in, operate by themselves, and explore, learn, discover, build and develop themselves in the process of fiddling. Analyze and integrate the incomprehensible mathematical knowledge and understand the logical concept of quantity. It brings the expansion of children's mental space, the stimulation of nature and the healthy development of life, which will have a far-reaching impact on children's life.
Montessori teaching AIDS set of 88 features:
I. Sensory education
1, training children's senses such as vision, hearing, touch and smell.
2. Train children's discrimination and hand-eye coordination.
3. Train children's observation ability and classification ability, and cultivate their attention.
4. Establish the consciousness of geometric figures and assemble them freely.
5. Cultivate children's aesthetic ability.
6. Cultivate children's interest in learning and curiosity.
Second, mathematics education concretes and visualizes difficult mathematics knowledge through operational activities, making it easy for children to understand.
1, cultivate the concept of children's initial quantity.
2. Cultivate children's logical thinking ability, understanding ability and judgment ability.
3. Add, subtract, multiply and Divison.
4. Learn the concepts of space and time.
5, learning conservation.
Three. Language education and scientific and cultural education
Language education:
1, cultivate children's reading ability.
2. Cultivate children's writing ability.
3. Cultivate children's listening and speaking ability.
4. Ability to appreciate literature.
5. Cultivate children's early reading.
6. Cultivate children's good ideological and moral qualities.
Science and cultural education:
1, cultivate children's love for science.
2. Cultivate children to master the method of understanding things.
3. Cultivate children's curiosity and thirst for knowledge.
4. Guide children to contact the world around them, enhance environmental awareness and gain scientific experience.
5. Learn national culture and cultivate national pride.
Fourth, daily life education.
1. Cultivate children to master basic life skills and develop good living habits.
2. Cultivate children's independence, autonomy, concentration, hand-eye coordination and self-confidence.
3. Guide children to learn polite language.
4. Cultivate the flexibility of children's large and small muscles.
5. Cultivate children's initial self-control ability.
6. Cultivate children's awareness of communication and cooperation.
7. Cultivate children's healthy emotions and emotions.
8. Cultivate children's initial sense of responsibility and promote the development of children's personality and sociality.
9. Cultivate children's social adaptability, learn to do things and learn to live.
The 88-piece set of Montessori teaching AIDS includes the following teaching AIDS: 3 sets of daily life teaching AIDS, 23 sets of sensory teaching AIDS, 465,438+0 mathematics teaching AIDS, 5 sets of Chinese teaching AIDS and 65,438+06 natural science teaching AIDS.
First, sensory education teaching AIDS
1, sleeve cylinder
It consists of four groups of cylinders, which can cultivate children's tactile and visual ability to distinguish size, height, thickness and depth, and cultivate children's logical thinking and keen observation ability according to the arrangement order of cylinders; Holding the round handle can be used for pen holding practice and preparation before writing.
2. Sound bucket
Each of the two wooden cases consists of six wooden columns, which are filled with different materials such as stones, sand, shells, rice grains and rice bran. Make different sounds when shaking, cultivate the auditory ability to distinguish the strength of the sound and develop the muscle movement of the wrist.
Step 3 form a triangle
It consists of five boxes of different triangular building blocks. We can understand triangles by vision, and understand the geometric relationship and the concept of equality between triangles and polygons through the combination and decomposition of polygons.
4. Long stick
It consists of 10 squares. Through the discrimination of touch and vision, we can correctly understand the difference in perception and develop the coordination of hands, eyes and muscles. Teaching AIDS for direct preparation of mathematics education (quantity, basic operation, decimal system, division system).
5. Brown ladder
It consists of 10 cuboids. Through the discrimination of touch and vision, we can fully understand the difference of perception and develop the coordination of eye, hand and muscle movements. Understand the relationship between progressive and decreasing; Learn the concept of cuboid; Cultivate logical thinking order and attentive observation ability.
6, binomial
Eight wooden cubes and cuboids * * * can cultivate the visual understanding of three-dimensional space and mathematical thinking ability, and can be used to calculate the volume (a+b)3.
7. Color block
It consists of three boxes of small color plates of various colors, which can cultivate children to distinguish color contrast, color sense and combination; ***9 1 sample.
8. Geometry panel
A 6-story wooden cabinet with panel drawers, 1 demonstration wooden cabinet, 36 geometric panels and 99 geometric cards. Through the combination of muscle and touch, help children intuitively understand the existing geometric figures and develop hand-eye coordination, attention and observation. Preparation of plane geometry.
9, trinomial
It consists of 27 wooden cubes and cuboids. It can be used as an algebra teaching aid of trinomial (a+b+c)3, and it can cultivate the visual ability and mathematical thinking ability to distinguish three dimensions.
10, weight plate
It consists of six heavy, sub-heavy, light boards and a wooden box to cultivate children's sense and judgment of distinguishing between light and heavy.
1 1, geometric solid group
Comprise a cuboid, a cube, a sphere, an ellipsoid, an ovoid, a triangle, a cylinder, a circular vertebra, a triangular vertebra, a quadrangular vertebra and a 1 1 projection plate equal to one side of the geometric shape. Cultivate children's feelings about entities, know all kinds of geometric bodies, understand their characteristics, enter the preparation of geometry, and stimulate muscle feelings.
12, tactile board
It is composed of 13 boards with different rough and smooth surfaces, which cultivate rough and smooth touch and analytical and comparative thinking ability.
13, color cylinder
It consists of four boxes, and each box has a column of 10. Cultivate the concept of visual recognition size and corresponding relationship, develop the coordination of hand-eye movement, control arm muscles, and cultivate keen observation and attention.
14, pink tower
It consists of 10 cubes, and correctly obtains the perception of three-dimensional spatial differences through vision; Understand the relationship between progressive and decreasing; Cultivate the concept of cube, hand-eye coordination and muscle movement control; Keen observation when accumulating height; Indirect preparation of mathematics education (understanding decimal method); Logical thinking ability (sequence).
15, olfactory tube
It consists of 12 cylinders filled with various natural spices or different spices such as coffee and camphor. By smelling different products through the nose, let the baby know all kinds of smells in life and cultivate the ability of children to distinguish all kinds of smells. (There are 6 groups 12 olfactory columns and 2 wooden frames)
16, iron geometry panel
Metal geometric panel is the direct preparation of writing ability. Practicing metal panel not only strengthens the ability of grasping with three fingers and the coordination of wrist muscles, but also improves the proficiency of brushwork through painting practice. Overlapping different geometric panels makes the graphics change endlessly.
17, taste bottle
It consists of eight drop bottles. Taste various flavors and cultivate the ability to distinguish basic flavors.
18, temperature sensing plate
It is composed of metal, stone, wood and carpet, which can cultivate the feeling of temperature and distinguish the difference of temperature.
19, hand and eye adjustment throwing circle
It consists of five assemblable wooden posts and five hemp rope rings to exercise hand-eye coordination.
20, round plate
It consists of 100 colored circles. It can classify and correspond colors.
2 1, geometric pillar
It consists of 1 plug-in box, 3 cylinders, 3 triangular columns and 3 square columns. It can cultivate children's sense of entity and identify geometric features, and can be used for color classification, height comparison and ranking.
22, three-dimensional four chess
23. Cylindrical ladder
It consists of 1 plug board and 25 cylinders with different heights and colors. Can be used for color classification, the height is->; Compare and rank low.
Second, teaching AIDS for mathematics education
24. Count the sticks
It consists of 10 strips with the same red and blue from short to long, and digital slices from 10 to 10. The wooden stick is a teaching aid representing continuous quantity. Know and understand numbers and numerals, remember 1 to 10, and prepare decimal method.
25, sand digital board
It consists of 1 long numbers from 0 to 9 and 10 single numbers from 0 to 9. It is the preparation before writing to cultivate the understanding of numbers from 0 to 9 and practice writing numbers.
26, yellow beaded stick
It consists of 55 beads and 10 beads. Know the concepts of numbers and quantities above 10, and be prepared for bank games.
27. Spinning pestle box
It consists of 2 sorting boxes, 45 rotating bars and 10 digital blocks. It introduces the concept of 0 and strengthens the concepts of number and quantity set.
28, gray beads
Be familiar with numbers, numbers and names within ten to prepare for learning subtraction.
29, black and white beaded stick
Deepen the understanding of the concept of quantity within ten and experience the concept of equivalent exchange, which can be used for addition and subtraction exercises.
30. Solitaire and Dragon Descending Games
Practice the mixed operation of addition and subtraction to increase children's interest in mathematics and cultivate their logical thinking ability.
3 1, a multiple of 2
It consists of seven pieces of wood. Cultivate the concept of twice, understand the simple multiple relationship and introduce the concept of square.
32. Stamp Games
After children know the decimal method through bank games, they can enter the operation of stamp games, be familiar with the conversion relationship of numbers, carry out a lot of four operations, and cultivate their mathematical thinking ability.
33. Add and subtract board
The addition practice with the maximum addend of 9 can introduce addition mental arithmetic after proficiency;
Used to present the subtraction exercise with the maximum minuend of 18. After proficiency, you can import subtraction mental arithmetic.
34, multiplication and division board
The multiplication problem with the maximum number of 100 can be introduced into multiplication mental arithmetic after proficiency.
Practice the division of the maximum dividend of 8 1, and understand the concept of average distribution from the senses. After proficiency, you can import division mental arithmetic.
35. Scoring villain
Four groups of graphs are composed of 1 block and 10 block. Know how to divide 1 integer (= 1) into several parts as a preparation for scoring.
36. Cube
It consists of 1000 cubes with a side length of 1 cm. Learn the concept of cube.
37. Cubic bead chains and frames
It consists of 1 frame and 55 bead chains (385 beads). Learn the concept of cube and the preparation of multiplication.
38. Square bead chain
It consists of 10 beaded chain (55 beaded strips), which strengthens the continuous concept of numbers with 1; Learn the concept of square; Prepare for multiplication.
39. Decimalization and banking games
It consists of 10 single bead, 10 bead, 10 bead, 2 1000 bead arrays and 1 set of 45 digital cards. Knowing the arrangement and composition of the decimal system and learning the rules of exchange, you can do four operations of large numbers.
40, colored beaded sticks
Be familiar with numbers, numbers and names within ten, and make indirect preparations for learning squares and cubes.
4 1, 1- 100 continuous counting board
Children will arrange the active digital cards on a certain grid to understand the arrangement of 1- 100 and the continuity of numbers.
42, plug root plate
It consists of four boards and 18 digital blocks. Numbers from 1 1 to 19 can be used for name exercises correctly. Be able to master the arrangement of serial numbers and understand the sequence relationship of serial numbers; Understand the relationship between 10 and single digits; Consistency between learning quantity and symbols (numbers) representing quantity.
43, 100 beaded chain
Cultivate children to practice continuous numbers in the range of 1- 100, be familiar with decimal method, and cultivate comprehensive analysis ability and independent thinking ability.
44, 1000 beaded chain
String 100 beads (each 10 bead) to strengthen the understanding of logarithm; Familiar with continuous numbers and their sequence; Compared with 100 beaded disk and 1000 cubic beads, it can cultivate different impressions, strengthen the knowledge of decimal method and cultivate concentration and independence.
45, volume group
Understand the relationship between the whole and the parts, establish the concept that the volumes of different geometric solids can be converted, and develop children's spatial concept.
46, three times
Use objects such as cubes or cuboids to express the relationship between three multiples.
47. Numbers and chips
It consists of 55 CDs and 10 digital cards, ranging from 1 to 10. Help children understand the relationship between number and quantity, and know odd and even numbers.
48. Digital puzzles
49, add, subtract, multiply and divide the giant array
It consists of 10 colored beads, and each bead has 10 beads. Learn to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
50, irregular platter
It is composed of irregular geometric panels, which can recognize geometric figures and exercise observation ability.
5 1, counting bar group
Learn the concept of 0- 10, and add and subtract within 10.
52, 1 cm cube group
It consists of a connecting ruler with a scale of 1 cm. Learn addition and subtraction.
53, color decimal bar
Learn the concept of 0- 10, and add and subtract within 10.
54, geometric plate
Understand geometric figures and lay the foundation for learning geometric knowledge.
55, arithmetic ruler
It consists of a ruler with a scale of 1 cm, which can be used for addition and subtraction.
56, according to the set
It is composed of scales, scales and colored wooden beads, and the relationship between learning volume and balance.
57. Arithmetic Balance Group
It is composed of scales, sticks and colored beads, learning the relationship between quantity, addition and subtraction and balance.
58. Decimal group
It consists of 1 cm square, 10 connecting rod and 10 square connecting block. Learn decimal relations.
59, circular scoreboard
It consists of 23 round scoreboards with soft colors and 1 double-sided nail boards. Knowing the relationship between fractions and parts and the whole can enhance the concept of combination. Using two rubber bands with different lengths and colors on the back of the nail board can give play to children's imagination and creativity.
60, geometric ladder
Cultivate children's sensory education and understand the difference between geometry and plane and solid.
6 1, square platter
Composed of triangular, square and parallelogram building blocks, learn geometric figures and relationships.
62, combined geometric disk
Through the area decomposition and combination of regular pentagon, square, regular triangle, rectangle and circle, learn the relationship between score and area.
63, decomposition of geometric disk
It consists of 1 wooden pedestal and 9 groups of various geometric figures. It's preparation for scoring.
64. Count
It consists of 1-5 color bead counting rack. It can be used for classification, assembly, decomposition and quantitative learning.
Third, teaching AIDS for Chinese education
65. Two-letter sand table
Familiar with the spelling and writing of Chinese Pinyin.
66. Movable mailbox
Correctly judge letters and combine reading with recognition; There are 1 wooden box with 26 lowercase letters.
67. Sand painting
Know the stroke side.
68, pinyin structure practice
Practice the correct combination of Chinese Pinyin.
69, sandpaper letter board
Know English letters by touching them, and prepare for writing a book. There are 26 motherboards and 2 wooden cases.
Four. Teaching AIDS for cultural and scientific education
70. China map panel
It consists of 1 group panels. Know the location of China and the locations of provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and provincial capitals; Cultivate spatial thinking.
7 1, Asia map panel
Understand the location, names, customs and habits of Asian countries, and initially understand the spatial concept of geography.
72. World Map Panel
It consists of 1 group panels. Establish the concept of map, understand the positions of the seven continents and four oceans from the map, and cultivate empty thinking.
73. Active clock
Intuitively understand the composition of clocks and watches, understand the concept of time, and lay the foundation for watching watches in life.
74. Nine planets in the solar system
It is composed of 1 group panel, which can understand the solar system, know the positions of the nine planets and cultivate spatial thinking.
75. Leaf cabinet
It consists of 14 leaves and 4 wooden cabinets. Learn to recognize all kinds of leaves, plants and animals.
76. Plant cards
77. Animal cards
78. Bird panel
Cultivate hand-eye cooperation and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of various parts of animals and birds.
79, ant panel
Cultivate hand-eye cooperation and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of each part of animal ants.
80, large blade panel
Cultivate hand-eye cooperation and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of various parts of plants.
8 1, fish panel
Cultivate hand-eye cooperation and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of various parts of animals and fish.
82.tortoise panel
Cultivate hand-eye cooperation and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of each part of the beast turtle.
83, flower panel
Cultivate hand-eye cooperation and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of various parts of plants.
84. Horse board
Cultivate hand-eye cooperation and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of various parts of animal horses.
85. Tree panel
Cultivate hand-eye cooperation and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of each part of the plant tree.
V. Teaching aids for daily life
86, two fingers grasp
It consists of 1 socket board and 9 little people. Exercised the ability to grasp things with two fingers, and improved the coordination of hand and eye.
87. Carpets (two pieces)
It consists of two carpets. It is used to pave the way for Montessori teaching AIDS. (Length and width dimensions of each carpet: 120*80*2cm)
88. Clothes hangers and clothes
It consists of 1 clothes rack, 12 rack and 12 clothes. Learn how to tie all kinds of ropes and buttons, exercise finger flexibility, cultivate self-care ability and adapt to daily life.