Abalone has nothing to do with fish, but is related to snails and the like. It is a single-shell mollusk in the ocean. It has only half a shell. The shell is thick, flat and wide, and its shape is somewhat like a human ear, so it is also called "sea ear". Only traces of the spiral part remain, accounting for a very small part of the entire shell. There are 9 holes on the edge of the shell, through which seawater flows in and out. Even abalone's breathing, excretion and reproduction depend on it. So it is also called "9-hole screw". The surface of the shell is rough with dark brown patches, and the inner surface shows a pearly luster of cyan, green, red, blue and other colors. Fresh abalone is shelled, salted for a period of time, then cooked, the internal organs removed, and dried in the sun. Its meat is delicious and nutritious. "Abalone, ginseng, fins, and tripe" are all precious seafood, and abalone ranks first among sea cucumbers, shark fins, and fish tripes. Abalone shell is a famous Chinese medicinal material - Jua Ming. It is also called Senecio in ancient books. It has famous effects, hence its name. Cassia also has the effects of clearing heat, calming the liver and calming wind, and can treat dizziness, hand and foot spasms and convulsions caused by fever. There are about 90 species of abalone in the world, and their footprints are all over the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The wrinkled abalone produced in my country's Bohai Bay is called wrinkled abalone, which is larger in size; the variegated abalone produced in the southeast coast is smaller; the half-striped abalone and sheep abalone produced in the Paracel Islands are famous edible abalone. Since natural production is small, it is expensive. Nowadays, all abalone-producing countries in the world are developing artificial breeding. In the 1970s, my country cultivated variegated abalone seedlings and artificial breeding was successful. Abalone, known as the "Crown of Seafoods", has been one of the "Eight Treasures" of seafood since ancient times. Abalone is called a fish, but it is not actually a fish. It is a single-shell marine shellfish belonging to the class Gastropod and Baidae. Because it is shaped like a human ear, it is also called "sea ear". There are many islands along the coast of Dalian, Liaoning, with numerous reefs, a mild climate, and abundant bait, which is very suitable for abalone to inhabit and reproduce. The abalone produced here accounts for 70% of the national output. The single-walled shell of abalone is hard, right-handed in shape, and has a dark green-brown surface. The purple, green, white and other colors on the inside of the shell complement each other, making it look like jewels. The dorsal side of the shell has a row of protrusions that often form holes. The soft body part has a wide and flat fleshy foot. The soft body is flat oval, yellow and white, the big one is like a tea bowl, and the small one is like a copper coin. Abalone relies on its thick feet and flat soles to cling to rocks and crawl in reef shelters and caves. The adhesion of abalone's fleshy feet is quite amazing. An abalone with a shell length of 15 centimeters has a suction power of up to 200 kilograms. No matter how strong winds and waves hit, they could not lift it. When catching abalone, you can only take advantage of its unpreparedness and use a shovel to shovel it down or overturn it at lightning speed, otherwise you will never be able to remove it even if you smash its shell. Abalone likes to live in rocky waters with clear water, fast currents and dense seaweed, and feeds on seaweed and plankton. In the 1980s, artificial breeding of abalone in Liaoning Province was successful and progress was made in artificial raft culture. Abalone is one of the precious marine treasures. The meat is tender, fresh but not greasy. It is rich in nutrients, clear and rich in flavor. It is delicious when cooking and making soups. The famous dish "Clam Film Abalone" of Beihai Fangshan Restaurant in Beijing is a delicacy well-known at home and abroad. Abalone meat contains Xianlingsu I and Baolingsu II, which have a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cells. The shell of abalone is called Jua Ming in traditional Chinese medicine. Because it has the effect of improving eyesight and removing nebula, it is also called "Senior Light" in ancient books. Cassia also has the effects of clearing away heat and calming the liver, nourishing yin and suppressing yang, and can be used to treat dizziness, high blood pressure and other inflammations. The colorful nacreous layer of abalone shell can also be used as a raw material for decoration and shell carving crafts. Salted fish [salted fish] is like eating abalone, and you will not smell the smell for a long time. ――"Confucius' Family Collection·Six Books" (3) Another example: Bao She (a house where abalone is stored); Bao Shi (a room where abalone is stored); Bao Si (abalone shop. A shop selling salted fish). Metaphor of a place where villains live together) (4) Abalone, another name for sole fish. That is, abalone. Gastropod molluscs, seafood delicacies, shells used as medicine (5) Gastropod, Prebranchia, Batonidae, Abalone, marine shellfish [ear shell] (6) Ancient leather tanner workers [tanner]. For example: Baoren (an official in charge of leather. Also used to refer to craftsmen who govern leather). Abalone is a mollusk. Abalone is a very valuable seafood. It is not a fish, but a single-valve mollusk that clings to rocks in shallow waters below the low-tide line.
The body of the abalone is covered with a thick calcareous shell. The shell is a right-handed spiral shell in the shape of an ear. Its Latin literary name can be called "sea ear" according to the literal translation, because Its shell is shaped like an ear. In addition, abalone shells have a series of spirally arranged protrusions that gradually increase from the top of the shell to the ventral surface. Some of these protrusions near the ends of the whorls are pierced with holes, and the number of holes varies with the species. There are 4-5 Panda abalone distributed in the north of my country, and 7-9 Variegated abalone distributed in the south. In ancient my country, abalone was named "nine-hole snail" because of its characteristics. The head of abalone is very developed, and its two tentacles are very thin and long when extended. There is a short protrusion on the dorsal side of the base of the antennae, and eyes grow on the ends of the protrusions. There is a head lobe between the two antennae. There is a kiss extending forward on the ventral surface of the head lobe, and there is a sun at the front end of the kiss. There is a powerful radula in the mouth. The radula is a unique organ of many shellfish. It is a chitinous band with many rows of small teeth on it. It is shaped like a file. Shellfish use these small teeth to scrape and Grind food. Generally speaking, herbivorous species have a large number of small teeth with round apex, while carnivorous species have a small number of small teeth but are powerful and often have hooks or spines at the apex. Abalone is a herbivorous species, so its radula has a large number of small teeth. The feet of abalone are particularly thick and divided into upper and lower parts. There are many antennae and hillocks on the upper feet, which are used to sense the external situation; the lower feet are oval-shaped when extended, with a flat belly, suitable for attachment and crawling. When we eat abalone, we mainly eat the muscles of its feet. The mantle of abalone has the same shape as a shell, covering the entire back of the body. What is different from other snails is that there is a crack on the right side of the mantle of abalone. The position of this crack is equivalent to the hole on the edge of the shell. Tentacles grew on the edges of the crack. When the abalone moves, these tentacles extend from the shell hole to act as Weijue. Slits on the edge of the mantle are a characteristic of primitive gastropods, such as sea snails, the famous red wengjong and keyhole snails. Abalone live in rocky areas with fast currents and luxuriant seaweed. They like to inhabit coastal islands or rocky corners protruding from the coast. Abalone mostly crawls in the cracks of rocks or caves. The water depth in which they are distributed varies with the species. Panda abalone in northern my country is generally distributed at a depth of more than ten meters. In winter, it moves deeper to avoid the cold. The depth can be Up to 30 meters. In spring, it slowly moves up, and some can live several meters below the tide line. Small abalone can even be collected near the low tide line. Abalone likes to stay out during the day and come out at night. Abalone kept in a pond usually lie dormant during the day and slowly become active as soon as it gets dark. Especially after 10 o'clock and before 3 o'clock at night, they are most active. At this time, their heads and feet are fully extended, and the tentacles on the mantle cracks extend from the shell holes and crawl on the bottom or wall of the pool. They can crawl at a speed of up to 50 centimeters per minute. Abalone also have the habit of returning to their nests. They often like to live in caves, go out to look for food at night, and return to live in caves near dawn. Abalone likes to eat brown algae or red algae. For example, abalone likes to eat wakame, young kelp and sargassum. Abalone raised in a pond can eat dozens of grams of small kelp per day. The food intake of abalone changes with the seasons. Generally, abalone eats more in seasons with higher water temperature, but is less active in winter and eats less. When people put kelp into the pond where abalone is raised, although the abalone's head is shrunk in the shell, it can quickly find the direction of the food and crawl to the kelp by relying on its more sensitive sense of smell. When the food is still some distance away from its body, it can extend the two lobes at the front of its lower legs to pull the food toward its mouth in a hugging posture, and extend its disk-shaped snout to use its radula. Lick food. The kelp that they have eaten often has large, round holes with toothed edges. The reproduction of abalone is different from that of ordinary snails. Generally speaking, most snails reproduce through mating, and when they lay eggs, they secrete membranous or gelatinous substances to wrap the eggs and lay them individually or in groups. Abalone is dioecious, but it does not mate. During the breeding season, after the male and female gonads mature, they release sperm and eggs into the seawater outside the body. The eggs can be fertilized and developed when they encounter sperm in the seawater. This method of reproduction is similar to the reproduction of bivalves. Very similar. It is not easy to tell the male and female of abalone from the appearance. You must look at its gonads to determine. The gonads are very developed during the breeding season. The female's gonads are dark green, while the male's are light yellow. Abalone spawning periods vary by species and region.
In Qingdao, Panda abalone usually breeds in summer and autumn. After fertilization, the eggs pass through the floating trophopod larvae and basal larvae, and then sink to the seabed to metamorphose into young abalone. The growth of abalone is relatively slow. After one year, the shell can reach 2-3 cm, and after two years, the shell can reach 4-5 cm. Abalone with a shell length of more than 10 centimeters will take about six or seven years to grow. There are many types of abalone and they are widely distributed. They can be found in seas almost all over the world. Abalone is also distributed along the coast of my country. In the north, Dalian and the eight islands of Changshan produce more. All the abalone produced are large abalone. Their individuals are larger and oval. In the South China Sea, variegated abalone and ear abalone are produced. Etc., the shapes of the variegated abalone and the large abalone are similar, but smaller in size; the ear abalone is longer in shape, and its shell is more like an ear. The meat on its feet is the thickest, and the shell cannot usually completely wrap it inside. The meat of abalone is very delicious and people like to eat it since ancient times. However, its natural output is small and far from meeting demand, so people are trying to cultivate it. At present, a lot of work has been done on the cultivation of abalone in Japan. Our country has also carried out some work in this regard and established certain conditions for abalone farming. In addition to being eaten fresh, abalone can also be processed into canned and dried abalone. Its shell is called Shijue Ming, which is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, abalone shells can also be used to make handicrafts. The names of many animals have been passed down from ancient times. The ancients did not have as strict a taxonomy of animals and plants as modern people. Basically, everything living in the sea was considered to be fish, so names such as whales, abalone, and octopus were passed down. down.