The eldest mother is the "wet nurse" of Lu Xun's spirit.
Should "Ah Chang" be pronounced as "a′cháng" or "a′zhǎng"? After checking some information, I found that both pronunciations were mentioned. According to the Ah Chang (zhǎng) faction, Lu Xun was the eldest son, and his nanny was also called Ah Chang (zhǎng). The Chang (cháng) faction quoted the original text as evidence, "There is no one with the surname Chang there; she was born yellow, fat and short, and 'long' is not an adjective. ... Previously, there was a female worker in my family who was born very tall. This is the real A Chang. Later she went back, and...she became the eldest mother from then on."
Ordinary people like to name people based on their physical characteristics, such as Zhang Daguo, Fatty Li, and Wang Mazi. The eldest mother was “yellow, fat and short”, so “long” should not describe her height, neither her surname nor her given name. Obviously, “long” has nothing to do with her at all. She originally had her own name, but it seemed like she didn't have one. It was so vague that no one could tell clearly. "Ah Chang" is the name of a female worker from "previously". She came as a substitute. Because everyone was used to it, "she became the eldest mother from now on."
I prefer the latter.
In short, the name is just a code, it doesn’t matter what you read. Lu Xun wanted to say a few more words about his name because Chinese names represent rich content and are sometimes symbols of status. By speculating on the nanny's name, it is revealed that Chang's status is so humble that she doesn't even have a name. The so-called name belongs to someone else. She is just a substitute, just a habit of the master.
In it, faintly, delicate and profound sadness flows.
If it is pronounced as "a′zhǎng", it has a grade, which dilutes the tragic color.
The same technique is also used in "The True Story of Ah Q" and is described vividly. A rich person can have several names, but a poor person can have none. If you want to fight, your life is in danger.
However, the eldest mother is the "wet nurse" of Lu Xun's spirit.
Lu Xun also mentioned his mother many times in his works, including "Hometown", "She Opera", "A Chang and the Classic of Mountains and Seas", and "Preface to the Scream", but they all faded into the background, without any emotional color, far away. It's not as vivid and plump as Chang's image. The emotional gap between his mother and Lu Xun, the mother-child complex, Lu Xun's heart is full of emotions, and readers may only discover it occasionally from Lu Xun's works. In 1934, Lu Xun wrote a letter to his mother when he was in Shanghai: "My dear mother, I bow down to you...three days ago I bought twelve volumes of "The Golden Fen Family" and three volumes of "Beauty's Grace", all of which were written by Zhang Henshui. Written in two packages, sent by World Book Company, I have thought about it, but I have never read it, so I don’t know what the content is..." After reading this, we know that Lu Xun’s mother is a "novel fan" of Zhang Henshui. But Lu Xun didn't even look at it.
There are ten articles in "Morning Flowers Picked at Dusk", four of which mention Ah Chang, namely "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore", "Twenty-Four Filial Piety Pictures", "Cat, Mouse and Dog" and "Wuchanghui". There is also "Ah Chang and the Classic of Mountains and Seas" which is specially recalled and commemorated. In this way, Ah Chang became the first heroine in "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk".
Lu Xun used light language to express his very tender and deep memories to Ah Chang, such as "Ah Chang and the Classic of Mountains and Seas".
People who read this article for the first time would think that Lu Xun disliked Ah Chang, but later he liked Ah Chang again because she bought "The Classic of Mountains and Seas". If so, the work loses any meaning.
The key to understanding the work is to read that there are two subjects in the text. One is Lu Xun as a child, and the other is Lu Xun at the age of forty-five. The latter is the main theme of this article. Five or six-year-old children, being disciplined by adults, cause complaints and anger, which truly reflects an innocent and simple child's judgment and feelings about people and things. I was disgusted that she caused a "small disturbance" by "checking and checking". I was angry that her sleep took up my room to turn over and made an ugly "big one". I complained about her trivial rules. What's even more disgusting, she actually murdered Mole. Rat, the young Brother Xun resented her. Through these resentments, readers should feel another emotion. For example, in the first paragraph, the word "eldest mother" at the beginning has a profound meaning. The original meaning of the word "Mama" is to call mother. "Guangya?6?1 Shiqin" says "Ma, mother". It can also be used to address an elder or an older woman respectfully, such as: aunt; aunt. These two are terms of endearment and honorifics. In folk literature before the Qing Dynasty, we often see overlapping words, such as "In this case, mother leads the way."
"(Yu Yue's "Seven Heroes and Five Righteousnesses" in Qing Dynasty 6.1), this usage disappeared in modern times. Middle-aged and elderly maids can also be called maids, such as: Zhang Ma; Li Ma; Lao Ma Zi, with "Ma" added in front The surname does not need to rhyme. Obviously "Chang Mama" does not belong to this category. In Lu Xun's memory, A Chang had no surname and was different from other maids, so everyone called her "Chang Mama". Lu Xun usually called her. "Ama" "does not even contain the word 'long'". Here, Lu Xun expressed his attitude - love. It seems to be mentioned lightly, so it is not very noticeable, but careful readers will realize that the first The purpose of introducing the name of the nanny repeatedly is profound.
So, the first paragraph has set the tone of love for the whole text.
The whole text uses humor. The writing style uses the eyes of innocent and lovely children and the coquettish language of children to create the image of the eldest mother. "Qie Qie Cha Cha" expresses the character of ordinary working women who like to chat behind the scenes and gossip in detail. When sleeping, he filled up the big bed with the word "big", "I pushed her, but she didn't move; I called her, but she didn't listen." Naturally simple and hard-working. Writing various rules and stories about growing hair objectively reveal the character of A Chang as a simple working woman. Finally, the purchase of "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" highlights the kind and loving character of the eldest mother. "I" was greatly shocked. In childhood, "I" grew up in the care of my eldest mother, but such a kind and hard-working woman had such a humble status and had such a tragic fate. Ah Chang... I finally don't know her name or her experience; I only know that she has an adopted son, and she is probably a young widowed widow. "At the end of the article, I pray deeply, "O kindhearted and dark Mother Earth, may her soul rest forever in your arms! "Between the lines, there are memories and blessings for the elder mother, social resentment against injustice, and determination to fight for the suffering nation.
Some people say that Lu Xun opposed feudal superstition, and writing about the superstition of the elder is a criticism. . Here we should first clarify that feudalism and superstition are not the same thing.
"Feudalism" was originally a political system in which the monarch distributed land to clans and heroes and allowed them to build our country on this land. This system began to exist in the Zhou Dynasty, and later dynasties began to imitate it, forming the feudal landlord system. On this basis, the behavior and consciousness of feudal society gradually formed.
Superstition, in a broad sense. It refers to people's blind belief or worship in things. Superstitious activities generally refer to drawing lots, fortune telling, fortune telling, fortune telling, fortune telling, feng shui reading, exorcism, and dance performed by folk gods, witches, fortune tellers, and feng shui masters. Lu Xun deeply hated the feudal system and feudal ideas, and held a "survivable" attitude towards superstition. In "The Theory of Defeating the Sound of Evil" in the Supplement to the Collection of Collections, Lu Xun clearly pointed out that superstition comes from man's relationship with heaven and earth. The piety of Western "later religions" is based on cuteness. "When I look after China, I have always regarded universal respect for all things as the foundation of culture, respecting heaven and earth, following the laws, developing and developing in an orderly manner. "At the same time, it was pointed out that in order to get rid of superstition, one must "first tell people to have correct faith; if the correct faith is not established, Wu will know from the comparison school that he is delusional. "Nowadays, some fake scholars are shouting about "breaking superstition", which is all false. "People's hearts must have something to follow, and there is no foundation without faith." Therefore, Lu Xun solemnly pointed out that "the hypocrites should go away, superstition can survive, which is urgent today." "In "Nv Diao", "Impermanence", "Death" and "My First Master", Lu Xun described ghost stories and folk ghost plays in a gentle and peaceful style, which was vivid and interesting, without a word of criticism or irony.
Today, superstition is evolving into folk culture and is widely circulated, giving people fantasy comfort and spiritual relief, or entertainment games.
"From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" has a clear and clear artistic conception. The colors are bright and the emotions are joyful, which is rarely seen in Lu Xun's works. The story of Nanny A Chang, Run Tu's father, and mentor Shou Jing Wu are all Lu Xun's favorites. The story of the eldest mother is so magical and confusing that it deeply attracts Brother Xun's attention. Brother Xun’s little dreams were always disturbed, “Of course I can’t sleep. In the middle of the night, it really came, rustle! There was the sound of wind and rain outside the door. "I was so frightened that my soul was about to come out. "What happened next? Later, the old monk said that this was a flying centipede that could suck the brains of snakes, and the beautiful snake was killed by it. "This is a conversation between an old man and a young child. When Lu Xun became an adult, he always asked "what about the future" in everything, which was probably the training of his eldest mother at that time. After telling the story, he also had to draw lessons, "So if a strange voice calls your name , you must not agree to him.
" had a profound influence on Lu Xun and inspired Lu Xun's literary talent.
The eldest mother has a very good story-telling ability. Lu Xun mentioned it many times in his works and expressed his deep respect. "Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures" "Even illiterate people, such as Chang, can narrate this story just by looking at the picture. "It can be seen that Chang is also an extremely smart woman. If she were alive today, she must be a storyteller. As a teacher, she must also be an excellent Chinese teacher.
However, there are times when the eldest mother is useless. "I'm going to Dongguan to watch the Wuchang Festival. This was a rare event in my childhood... I laughed and jumped, urging them to move quickly. ... Mother, workers, and eldest mother, that is, Chang, were all unable to save them. ..." ("Wuchanghui") Faced with his father's strict test, "they only waited silently for me to learn it well and recite it. "More than thirty years later, Lu Xun would ask with almost lamentation: "When I think about it, I still wonder why my father asked me to endorse it at that time. "
Compared with his eldest mother, his father is such a rotten scholar who "doesn't understand current affairs". In the heart of young Lu Xun, he is simply a devil.
Lu Xun was lonely in his childhood. , the dull family atmosphere and the lifeless private school study could not satisfy Lu Xun's thirst for knowledge and imagination. It was the eldest mother who decorated this lonely night sky with countless stars, making Lu Xun's childhood dreams beautiful and bright. One's life. "When I look up at the flowing clouds one day," these dewy flowers "will flash before my eyes" (quote from "Morning Blossoms Picked Up at Dusk") The current situation is "bizarre" and "my heart is so complicated." "When I was walking, I heard that "there are still voices in front of me, urging me, calling me, making me unable to breathe", "my feet have been worn out a long time ago, there are many injuries, and there is a lot of blood", but "I have to go" ( "Passenger")
Soon after, the family declined. Lu Xun had more contact with the working people at the bottom, saw the true face of the rich, and formed his social outlook - "lower class people" are pure and sincere, This further prompted him to completely betray his class as an adult and become a "hero raised on beast's milk" (Herzen's words). Herzen was a Russian aristocrat in the first half of the 19th century. A revolutionary thinker by birth, he praised the Decembrists who aimed to overthrow the feudal rule of the Tsar as "a large group of heroes raised on beast's breasts... These are heroes made of pure steel from head to toe, and they are brave warriors." , they consciously went through fire and water in order to awaken the younger generation to a new life and wash away the dirt on the children who grew up among executioners and slaves.")
Lu Xun paid attention to the people at the bottom. What affects his emotions is the weak who are exploited and oppressed.
His works are the most powerful proof. In narrative works, the main protagonists are:
Female workers-A Chang, Sister-in-law Xianglin;
The helpers - also the so-called marginalized people in society nowadays - Ah Q, Kong Yiji, Wei Lianshu;
The monks and nuns - Master Long, the little nun;
Farmers—Runtu;
Urban poor—Hua Laoshuan, Juansheng;
Those killed—Xia Yu, Zijun;
Lu Xun suffered and mourned for them. This kind of pain and sorrow was completely different from the compassionate feelings of feudal literati who looked down on the people and sympathized with all living beings, such as Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Su Shi, etc. Sympathy was selfless and had no subject. The subject stood in the circle. Looking on from the outside. Lu Xun's pain is integrated into it, "painting through the bones, affecting the heart and lungs". Every time he thinks of these characters, the pain that penetrates his hands and feet will become "softer" and become "comfortable". Revenge Part 2")