What is a cruiser?
Cruisers have a variety of combat capabilities, mainly large surface warships fighting in the ocean. Main types of ships in combat vessels. It is used in maritime offensive and defensive operations, covering aircraft carrier formations and other fleet formations, defending ourselves or destroying enemy maritime traffic lines, attacking enemy ships, bases, ports and shore-based targets, providing fire support in landing operations, and undertaking the command task of maritime formation ships.
Cruisers are equipped with attack and defense weapon systems commensurate with their displacement, sophisticated detection and calculation equipment, and command and control communication systems. Divided into light guided missile cruisers and heavy guided missile cruisers according to the displacement; According to the power plant, it is divided into conventional power cruisers and nuclear-powered cruisers. Its full-load displacement is 0.5 ~ 30 thousand tons, and its maximum speed is 30 ~ 35 knots. It has high speed, great endurance and good seakeeping.
/kloc-at the end of 0/9th century, it was mainly armored cruisers and horizontal armored cruisers. During the First World War, cruisers with full displacement of 3,000 ~ 4,000 tons appeared. At the beginning of World War II, heavy cruisers (equipped with naval guns over 203 mm) and light cruisers (equipped with 152 mm naval guns) appeared, and later, large cruisers with full displacement of 27,000 tons and equipped with naval guns of 305 mm appeared ... In the early 1960s, the United States built nuclear-powered guided missile cruisers. Modern cruisers are generally equipped with ship-to-ship missiles, ship-to-air missiles, new naval guns, anti-submarine weapons and anti-submarine helicopters, as well as new radars and sonar. , constantly improve the anti-submarine and air defense capabilities, equipped with ship command and control automation system, with rapid response capabilities.
Cruiser is one of the most active warships with guns and missiles, and it is an older type of warship in the navy. It is mainly used to destroy the enemy's maritime traffic lines, join the formation to carry out maritime operations, protect their own maritime traffic lines, ensure the landing of landing soldiers, and lay mine obstacles.
Cruiser is a powerful and versatile surface ship and one of the main battle ships of modern navy. Can carry out mobile operations for a long time under bad weather conditions. It is equipped with an offensive and defensive weapon system, which is fast and has great endurance.
Early cruisers, like battleships, used naval guns as their main weapons. With the rise of ship-to-air carriers, cruisers once declined like battleships. The missile weapons and nuclear power devices that were born and widely loaded in the 1950s brought the cruisers back to life. In 1950s, the United States took the lead in equipping cruisers with missile weapons, and later built the world's first nuclear-powered cruiser "Long Beach". The former Soviet Union never stopped building large cruisers. France, Britain and Germany also attach great importance to the development of cruisers. In this way, by the early 1990s, there were still nine countries in the world with 85 cruisers.
The history of China cruisers;
Anyone familiar with the navy knows that as a kind of large surface warship, cruisers with various combat capabilities have created countless outstanding achievements in the history of naval operations in the world and won the reputation of "fortress of maritime operations". China's navy had a brief glory in modern history, with several excellent cruisers, leaving a proud footprint on the oceans of the world.
Fuzhou Shipping Bureau, located in Mawei, was officially started on February 23rd, 1866 (the fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty) and completed in the summer of 1868. The 7th "Wu Yang" built by Fuzhou Shipping Bureau was completed and launched in March 1872. Wu Yang was the earliest cruiser in China.
In 1937, Japan's full-scale war of aggression against China broke out, and there were only nine cruisers of the Republic of China navy, namely Haiqi, Haichen, Hairong, Haichou, Pinghai, Ninghai, Yixian and Yingrui. On September 25th, four old cruisers, Haiqi, Haichen, Hairong and Haichou, were stuck in the main blockade line as auxiliary blockade lines. These four cruisers sank without fighting! Almost at the same time, in the fierce battle with Japanese planes in the same place, three cruisers, Pinghai, Ninghai and Yixian, sank in succession. 10/0 On October 23rd, the cruiser Yingrui, which retreated from Jiangyin to anhui cuisine market, was also sunk by Japanese planes. In late September of the same year, another cruiser "Zhao He" was sunk by a Japanese plane in a fierce battle at Humen Fort in Guangdong. At this point, China navy cruisers have all gone, buried in the water.
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the China Navy accepted the cruiser "Chungking" presented by the British Navy. Originally named "Dawn Goddess" or "HMS Aurora", the ship was a light cruiser built by Britain in 1936 (cost 225995 1). In World War II, this ship, as the flagship of the British Navy's Mediterranean K Fleet, sank more than 10 enemy ships and more than 20 merchant ships, and was praised as a "silver ghost" by the British army. 1943, the ship carried the king of England to Malta; 1944, the commander-in-chief of the allied forces in Europe, General Eisenhower, commanded the attack on Ban Treglia Island from the ship. The main technical data of the ship are: length 154.03 m, width 15.56 m, draft of 4.2 m, standard displacement of 5,274 tons, full-load displacement of 7,500 tons, propulsion power of 64,000 HP, maximum speed of 32.25 knots, endurance of 4,000 nautical miles and crew of nearly 600 people. Its shipborne weapons mainly include three152mm main guns, four100mm auxiliary guns (all of which can be loaded automatically), two 40mm anti-aircraft guns, three 20mm cannon, two 533mm torpedo tubes and deep-water bombs. The ship is equipped with a radar director, which can control the artillery to shoot into the air. The cruiser "Chongqing" can be regarded as the newest warship with the strongest firepower in the history of China's navy, and was praised as "the newborn of China's navy" by the Kuomintang military and political officials at that time. But "good times" are unusual. 1On February 26th, 949, the "Chongqing" sailed from Wusongkou, Shanghai to Yantai Port under the control of the * * * producer, and went to its new owner. Soon after, because of the bombing of the Kuomintang air force, it sank in the waters near Huludao in western Liaoning. Since then, China people no longer have their own cruisers.
Attachment: List of cruisers in China (in order of construction time)
Name of ship, displacement, country of construction, completion time and time
0 1 Wu Yang 1560 China 1872
02 Chaoyong 1350 UK 188 1
03 Yang Wei 1350 UK 188 1
04 China Kaiji 2200 1883
05 Jiyuan 2300 Germany 1883
06 NARI 2200 Germany 1884
07 Chen Nan 2200 Germany 1884
08 China Jing Qing 2200 1885
09 China Huantai 2200 1886
10 Zhiyuan 2300 UK 1886
1 1 Jingyuan 2300 UK 1886
12 Jingyuan 2900 Germany 1887
13 Laiyuan 2900 Germany 1887
14 plain 2 100 China 1887
15 Guang Jia 1300 China 1887
16 Guangyi 10 10 China 1890
17 guangbing 1030 China 189 1.
18 sea capacity 2950 Germany 1898
19 Haichou 2950 Germany 1898
20 Haichen 2950 Germany 1898
2 1 Haiti 4300 UK 1899
22 Haiqi 4300 UK 1899
23 Zhao He 2600 UK 19 13
24 Yingrui 2460 UK 19 13
25 Yixian 1500 China 193 1
26 Ninghai 2600 Japan 1932
27 China Pinghai 2600 1937
28 Chongqing 5270 UK 1936
In recent years, China tried to buy the former Russian "Glory Class" cruiser, but it didn't work.
The following website introduces the history of cruisers in China in more detail.
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