[1] Xiang Ji (232 BC-202 BC), courtesy name Yu
A native of Xiaxiang (now Suqian, Jiangsu Province). Han nationality, grandson of Xiang Yan, the famous general of Chu State, leader of ancient Chinese uprisings, famous military strategist and strategist. The God of War in Chinese history. A representative figure of the "brave war" school of Chinese military thought. He is known as the Overlord of Western Chu. Not long after the Dazexiang uprising, Xiang Yu rose up in Jiangdong and raised his troops to fight against Qin. In three years, he conquered Jiuzhou and unified the world. He led his army into Guanzhong and destroyed the Qin Dynasty with the five princes. He shocked the world and divided the world. He enthroned eighteen princes. All major political affairs were carried out by Yu. He was named "Overlord" and had the same power as the emperor. Although the position is not final, it has never happened in recent times. His appearance set off a storm in Chinese history and wrote a myth.
Xiang Yu-Historical Career
Early Xiang Yu
"Historical Records of Xiang Yu" says that Xiang Yu "When he was young, he failed to learn books, and he failed to learn swordsmanship. His uncle Xiang Liang was dissatisfied with him, and Yu said: "The book is enough to remember the name and surname. It is not enough to learn the sword to defeat ten thousand people." So Xiang Liang taught him the art of war, but Xiang Yu refused to continue learning after learning a little. Go down. Later, Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu fled to Wuzhong (now southern Jiangsu) to avoid their enemies because they killed someone. When the First Emperor of Qin was touring Kuaiji, Xiang Yu and Xiang Liang watched the emperor's tour together. Yu said, "He can take his place instead." Xiang Liang was so frightened that he hurriedly covered his mouth. From then on, Xiang Liang looked at Yu differently.
Revolt against Qin
In July of the first year of Qin II (209 BC), Chen Sheng and Wu Guang raised troops against Qin. In September, the prefect of Kuaiji planned to rebel against Qin and approached Xiang Liang for discussion. , but Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu killed the prefect of Kuaiji and raised their own troops to fight against Qin. Soon they gathered 8,000 elite soldiers. Xiang Liang appointed himself the governor of Kuaiji, and Xiang Yu appointed him as the general. Later, Xiang Liang led 8,000 people across the Yangtze River and gained the support of some anti-Qin troops. The number of troops increased to 60,000 to 70,000 and stationed in Xiapi. Xiang Liang adopted Fan Zeng's suggestion, found Sun Mixin of King Huai of Chu among the people, and made him King of Chu, still calling him King Huai, in order to win the hearts and minds of the Chu people.
The Battle of Julu
Main article: The Battle of Julu
Xiang Liang was later killed by Qin general Zhang Han in the Battle of Dingtao. Han then led his army to attack Zhao and defeated the Zhao army. Zhao Xie, the king of Zhao, retreated to Julu (also known as Julu). King Huai of Chu moved to Pengcheng after the defeat of Ding Tao, appointed Song Yi as the general, Xiang Yu as the second general, led troops to rescue Zhao, and made Xiang Yu the Duke of Lu.
Song Yijun stopped advancing after arriving in Anyang and stayed there for forty-six days. Xiang Yu suggested marching, but Song Yi refused, so Xiang Yu killed Song Yi. The generals of the Chu army did not dare to resist Xiang Yu and supported Li Yu as a false general. Xiang Yu sent someone to report to King Huai, who appointed Xiang Yu as general. Xiang Yu invaded Julu and defeated the Qin army in the Battle of Julu in 207 BC. The other anti-Qin princes armies surrendered. Xiang Yu became the general of the princes and the commander-in-chief of the armies of all princes.
Qin general Zhang Han later led his troops to surrender to Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu was worried that there might be a rebellion among the surrendered troops, so he ordered the Chu army to kill more than 200,000 Qin surrendered troops in the south of Xin'an City overnight, but he did not Killed Zhang Han, Qin Changshi Sima Xin and Duwei Dong Yi.
Entering Guanzhong
Xiang Yu continued to march towards Guanzhong, but Pei Gong Liu Bang had already occupied Xianyang, the capital of Qin. Liu Bang's subordinate Zuo Sima Cao Wushang sent someone to tell Xiang Yu, "Pei Gong wants the king." In Guanzhong, I made Ziying my prime minister, and I have all the treasures." Xiang Yu was furious. At that time, Xiang Yu commanded 400,000 troops, while Liu Bang only had 100,000 troops. Fan Zeng lobbied Xiang Yu to eradicate Liu Bang. Xiang Yu hosted a banquet for Liu Bang at Hongmen, but did not kill him during the banquet. Liu Bang left safely. Later generations called this banquet the "Hongmen Banquet". In 206 BC, Xiang Yu entered Xianyang, killed Qin Jiang's prince Ying, and burned Qin's palace.
Self-proclaimed king
At this time, someone persuaded Xiang Yu to stay in Guanzhong and achieve hegemony, but Xiang Yu had no intention of staying in Guanzhong. Although Xiang Yu was nominally a subordinate of King Huai of Chu, King Huai at this time could no longer restrain Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu respected King Huai of Chu as the righteous emperor, and divided the world on his own. He named some of his meritorious subordinates and other anti-Qin generals as kings. Liu Bang was named King of Han, and Qin's surrendered generals Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Dong Yi were also named kings. Kings, each has his own territory. Xiang Yu also changed the territories and titles of the previous kings of the six kingdoms. Xiang Yu established himself as the overlord of Western Chu, ruled over the nine counties of Liang and Chu, and made Pengcheng his capital. Xiang Yu soon moved Emperor Yi to Chen County in Changsha and secretly ordered people to kill him on the way. Xiang Yu's move to change the fiefdoms of the six countries made some people dissatisfied, and turmoil broke out in Qi, Zhao and other countries soon after the enfeoffment.
The Chu-Han War and Xiang Yu's defeat
In 206 BC, Liu Bang, king of Han, sent troops to occupy Guanzhong. Xiang Yu did not attack Liu Bang with all his strength because he was using troops in Qi. In 205 BC, the Han army, together with the armies of the five princes, attacked Chu with 560,000 troops and occupied Pengcheng. Xiang Yu led 30,000 elite troops to rescue and defeated the Han army. The Han army lost hundreds of thousands of people. Liu Bang was lucky Escape. Xiang Yu led his troops to pursue westward, but the Han army held fast at Xingyang, preventing the Chu army from advancing westward. In 204 BC, the Chu army captured Xingyang. Liu Bang ordered Ji Xin to disguise himself as himself to deceive Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu was furious and set Ji Xin on fire. After that, the Chu and Han armies were in a tug of war in what is now Henan Province. However, Han Xin led the Han The army won repeated victories in the area north of the Yellow River, and the situation began to turn against Xiang Yu. In 203 BC, Chu and Han negotiated peace and divided the world equally, using the chasm as the boundary, with the west returning to the Han and the east returning to the Chu. Xiang Yu led his army back east, but Liu Bang soon broke the agreement and sent troops to attack Chu. In 202 BC, Xiang Yu was defeated by an ambush from ten sides at Gaixia. Xiang Yu led more than 800 men to break through, and the Han army was in hot pursuit. Xiang Yu retreated to Wujiang River, and a pavilion chief gave him a boat to cross the river. However, Xiang Yu said that he led 8,000 people from Jiangdong, but no one survived, so he refused to cross. In Wujiang, he fought against the Han army, killed hundreds of people, and then committed suicide. Before his death, he said: "A crime other than war." After Xiang Yu's death, his body was obtained by Lu Matong and five other people, and each of them received a reward. After Xiang Yu's death, the rest of Western Chu surrendered to the Han, and the King of Han buried Xiang Yu in Gucheng with the rites of Lu Gong.
Xiang Yu - Battle of Gaixia
Xiang Yu
In August of the fourth year of the Han Dynasty, the Chu army that faced the Han army at Guangwu ran out of food; and Liu Bang did not The troops that could be mobilized by Han Xin, Peng Yue and others were unable to carry out the final encirclement of the Chu army. As a result, the two sides conducted the historically famous "Chasm Peace Negotiation" and divided the world based on the canal built by the Wei State during the Warring States Period: Chasm.
Subsequently, in September, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, led 100,000 Chu troops to withdraw from the Chu region by taking a circuitous route to the south and toward Guling. Liu Bang also wanted to return west.
However, just when Liu Bang was planning to lead his army back west, Zhang Liang and Chen Ping suggested tearing up the Chasm Peace Agreement and launching a sneak attack from behind while the Chu army was tired and returning eastward. Zhang and Chen thought: "Han has more than half of the world, and all the princes are attached to it. The soldiers of Chu have stopped eating, and this is the time when Chu will be destroyed." They suggested that "it is better to take advantage of the opportunity" ("Historical Records· "The Chronicles of Xiang Yu").
Liu Bang then adopted the two men's suggestions, broke the agreement, and suddenly launched a strategic pursuit against the Chu army. When the army pursued Xia Nan, Liu Bang gathered Han Xin and Peng Nan to go down and surrounded the Chu army together.
In October of the fifth year, Liu Bang personally led an army of more than 200,000 to pursue a Chu army of 100,000 to Guling (now Taikang, Henan). But at this time, neither Han nor Peng sent troops to cooperate with Liu Bang. When Xiang Yu found out, he was furious and launched a sudden counterattack here early in the morning, killing nearly 20,000 Han troops and defeating them again. Liu Bang hurriedly led his army to retreat into Chenxia and built a fortress to hold on. However, the Chu army once again surrounded Liu Bang.
Liu Bang, who stood firm on the fortress, asked Zhang Liang: "What can be done if the princes do not obey the agreement?" Zhang Liang replied: "The Chu army has been defeated, and Xin and Yue have not divided the land, so it is not suitable for them to consolidate. If the king can conquer the world, he can do it now. Even if he can't, the situation is unknown. If the king can fight with Han Xin from the east of Chen, to the north of Suiyang, he can fight with Peng Yue. , then Chu will easily be defeated."
So Liu Bang adopted Zhang Liang's advice and granted a large area of ??territory from the east of Chen to the sea to King Han Xin of Qi; and the territory north of Suiyang to Gucheng was granted to Peng Yue. In this way, Liu Bang finally moved Han and Peng in exchange for granting land, so that they could send all their troops south. At the same time, he ordered Liu Jia to lead the joint camp to march north from Huai, and the five armies launched a joint attack. Xiang Yu's final encirclement. The Battle of Gaixia then began.
Qi King Han Xin personally led an army of 300,000 people from Qi to the south, occupying Pengcheng, the capital of Chu, and vast areas such as northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, and eastern Henan today. Attack Xiang Yu to the west;
Peng Yue, king of Liang, led tens of thousands of troops from Liang, first went south and then west, and forced the Chu army to retreat when Liu Bang's army attacked him;
Han general Liu Jia led an army of tens of thousands, together with Wang Yingbu of Jiujiang and a hundred thousand troops. They set out from Huaibei and launched an attack on Chu from the southwest. They first defeated Shouchun, then captured the city's father and massacred all the soldiers and civilians in the city. ;
However, the Chu general Sima Zhou Yin who was guarding the southern line judged Chu at this time and massacred six counties first, then joined forces with Yingbu and Liu Jia, and then went north to attack Xiang Yu;
At the same time, Liu Bang, who had been supplemented by Guanzhong soldiers, led more than 200,000 troops out of Guling and marched eastward;
The Han army's five-pronged army, totaling nearly 700,000 people, formed from the west, The Chu army was surrounded from the north, southwest and northeast, and Xiang Yu was forced to retreat towards Gaixia with 100,000 Chu troops.
In December of the fifth year of the Han Dynasty, the five armies of Liu Bang, Han Xin, Liu Jia, Peng Yue, and Yingbu were basically at Gaixia (now south of Lingbi, Anhui, or between Huaiyang and Luyi in present-day Henan). Completed the encirclement of 100,000 Chu troops. Liu Bang immediately appointed Han Xin as the commander-in-chief of the coalition forces to command the army in battle. Han Xin ordered Liu Jia and Ying Bu's troops to block all the Chu army's peripheral exits from the south, and ordered Peng Yue's army to block the routes from the north. Han Xin's army of 300,000 soldiers combined with the main force of Liu Bang's main army to attack the 100,000 Chu troops trapped in Gaixia. Attack and start a decisive battle!
At that time, the Chu army was at an absolute disadvantage:
1. All the land of the Western Chu State north of the Yangtze River had been lost, and the 100,000 Chu army became absolutely alone;< /p>
2. The Chu army has been short of food for several months, the soldiers are hungry, and the army has no supplies at all;
3. The Han army has about 700,000 combined troops, and they are full of energy and have sufficient food. , morale was strong, but Xiang Yu's 100,000-strong army was exhausted from long-term battles. The decisive battle was already in the winter of December, and the Chu army had just withdrawn from the Guangwu front line. Without supplies, most of them were wearing summer and autumn equipment. , cold and hungry, morale collapsed;
4. The Han army advanced in an orderly manner in five groups, first occupied the Chu territory, and then encircled it. They camped step by step, and the encirclement was complete, making it difficult for the Chu army to launch a sudden counterattack;
Fifth, the Chu army is far away from the five counties in Jiangdong. Even if it breaks through the encirclement, it will be difficult to return to its own territory in time under the pursuit of the Han army. It can be said that "breakout is ineffective."
It was under such a situation that Han Xin's 300,000 main force joined Liu Bang's more than 200,000 troops in his own army, and formed five companies, facing away from the 100,000 Chu troops trapped in Gaixia. The army launched the final attack!
Han Xin led an army of five to six hundred thousand, and arranged such a formation: Han Xin personally led an army of three hundred thousand in the center, which was the main force of the forward; general Kong Xi led an army of tens of thousands on the left; Chen He led an army of tens of thousands on the left Tens of thousands of troops formed the right wing; Liu Bang led the main force of his headquarters to follow Han Xin's army, and General Zhou Bo led his army to cut off the rear.
As for Xiang Yu, for the Chu army, the current situation cannot defend or retreat.
Living without supplies and without food is tantamount to sitting back and waiting to die!
If you retreat, all the four counties in the north of the Yangtze River have been occupied, and there is no way to retreat; if you retreat to the south of the Yangtze River, the road is far away, and the road is blocked by the Liu and Ying armies, and you will be trapped in the Han army's front and rear attacks, which is also a dead end. One!
At that time, Xiang Yu had only one idea in his mind: to break through Han Xin's 300,000 former troops with a powerful assault that the Chu army was best at, and directly destroy Liu Bang's central command system, thereby defeating the enemy and turning the tide of the war!
And Han Xin should also be very clear in his heart that the Chu army had no other choice but to rely on a beheading attack. Therefore, Han Xin deliberately placed his headquarters at the back of several iron walls consisting of an army of 300,000 people. Behind him was Liu Bang's army of more than 100,000 people, and at the end was Zhou Bo's army. At the same time, there were Kong Xi on the left and right. , Chen He cooperated with the two large formations.
The reason for Han Xin's formation method is very simple. If Xiang Yu wants to launch an attack and break through the battle formation of 300,000 troops, it will not be easy. He can hide at the end and make his command headquarters It may be inevitable to avoid being knocked out; and if Xiang Yu breaks through the battle formation of 300,000 troops, he can quickly retreat to the protection of Liu Bang's 100,000 main force and continue to maintain the existence of the command system; if even this is broken through, Then Zhou Bo's rear army will be responsible for covering Liu Bang and Han Xin's escape from the battlefield; and the most important thing is the two large formations on his left and right wings. Once Xiang Yu launches the central breakthrough tactic and launches an attack on the coalition headquarters, the left and right armies can take advantage of the opportunity. Detour to the rear of the Chu army, improve the Chu army's flanks, and move the Chu army's central breakthrough. Whether the Chu army can win this battle can only depend on whether Xiang Yu's charge can succeed before the left and right armies of the Han army complete their detour. If the Han army's command system still exists before the Han army's left and right armies complete their detour, then the Chu army will fail. The coaches of both sides understand this very clearly.
To be honest, no matter what the outcome of this battle is, the artistic beauty of this battle is not high, and neither side can speak of any outstanding tactical use.
In this way, the battle started:
First, Han Xin led five formations of troops to launch a provocative attack on the Chu army. Xiang Yu immediately led 100,000 Chu troops to launch a central breakthrough operation to directly attack Han Xin's headquarters. Xiang Yu personally led his troops to attack, charging at the front. The Chu army followed him with cavalry in front and infantry behind. The Han army engaged and the front line was immediately defeated. Han Xin immediately ordered the army to retreat, using 300,000 troops as a barrier to cover the headquarters and Liu Bang's 100,000 troops to retreat. The Han army fought and retreated, while the Chu army continued its desperate and crazy assault. Xiang Yu himself took the lead. The charge was so fast that he left all 100,000 Chu army soldiers behind. Not even the Chu army cavalry could catch up. . Along the way, the Han troops were layer upon layer like dark clouds, covering the entire field as far as the eye could see. Xiang Yu led a fierce attack with 100,000 soldiers, breaking through several lines of defense of the Han army. More than half of the 300,000 army was defeated. Unstoppable along the way, he went straight towards Han Xin himself.
On the other hand, while Han Xin used the front formation as a barrier to cover Liu Bang's retreat, the left and right armies led by Kong Xi and Chen He also made circuitous maneuvers from the left and right sides of the Chu army. The purpose is to control the Chu army's attack on the flanks, separate the coordination between the Chu army's cavalry and infantry, and divert the Chu army's attack.
After half a day of fighting, the Chu army defeated countless troops, and Han Xin's front army was almost beaten into scraps. However, Xiang Yu still failed to break into the Han army's headquarters. Han Xin kept retreating, and never failed. Appeared in front of Xiang Yu. However, Xiang Yu's too fierce charge obviously widened the distance between the front and rear of the army. In the Chu army at that time, Xiang Yu himself broke away from the whole army and charged forward, breaking through the enemy's ranks one after another. Behind him was the faster main cavalry that rushed to catch up with Xiang Yu and intercepted the skirmishers of the Han army who had been opened up by Xiang Yu himself. They rushed and trampled over; and the slowest infantry unit at the back was fighting with the Han soldiers who were not trampled to death by the cavalry while continuing to chase the cavalry. The Chu army's formation became more and more scattered and stretched, and it gradually lost its close formation and mutual coordination.
As the battle progressed into the afternoon, the center of the Han army retreated again and again, while the left and right armies advanced rapidly in roundabout ways, finally completing a pincer attack from both front and rear. The left and right armies of the Han army then launched an attack on the Chu army's rear wing, pressing in from both sides in a tight formation, and quickly surrounded the Chu army's infantry who fell behind. The officers and soldiers of the Chu army resisted desperately. The officers and soldiers of the two armies fought together and immediately fell into a state of war. The Chu army's infantry and cavalry were divided into two halves, and the Chu army's offensive was subsequently suppressed. Xiang Yu had no choice but to lead the remaining cavalry back to the division to rescue the infantry.
When he learned that the left and right armies had completed their detour and launched an attack on the Chu army's rear infantry, Han Xin immediately organized a counterattack and put Liu Bang's main force and all remaining Chinese troops into the counterattack.
The Han army counterattacked Xiang Yu and the Chu army's forward cavalry. Hundreds of thousands of Han troops launched a pincer attack on the Chu army. Seeing that the situation was not good, Xiang Yu immediately led his entire army to break out of the encirclement in the opposite direction, broke through the encirclement of Han's left and right armies, and retreated to the camp. In this battle, the Chu army suffered more than 40,000 casualties, 20,000 were captured, and 20,000 were dispersed. Only less than 20,000 wounded soldiers followed Xiang Yu back to the formation. The Han army also suffered hundreds of thousands casualties, and its sacrifice was much higher than that of the Chu army. price.
Subsequently, Han Xin led the entire army to gather all the troops that had been scattered by the Chu army, and completely surrounded the Chu army's camp. During this period, more than 20,000 Chu troops were scattered, and King Xiang was not given a chance to gather the scattered troops. This is the end of the decisive battle in Gaixia.
Xiang Yu - A Biography of Martial Arts
Xiang Yu was proficient in eighteen kinds of weapons, among which he loved the gun, the king of weapons! Legend has it that before Xiang Yu launched his army, a meteorite fell from the sky in Kuaiji County. Later, Xiang Liang privately asked the local to cast the name of the weapon People came to use this stone to get iron to forge weapons for Xiang Yu. After nine days and nine nights, they finally forged a giant gold-plated tiger head spear, which was one foot, two feet, nine inches long and weighed 129 kilograms. The barrel alone was as thick as the mouth of a bowl. Xiang Yu made it Named "Overlord"! This spear usually requires the combined strength of two people to lift it, but Xiang Yu's innate supernatural power meant that he could only use the spear with one hand. Later, he even created an invincible marksmanship called "Eighteen Picks with One Hand"!
Xiang Yu - Character Evaluation
Sima Qian, the author of "Historical Records", criticized Xiang Yu in the book for "being pretentious about his merits and exploiting his own wisdom instead of learning from the past. He calls it the career of an overlord and wants to conquer and run the world with his strength." , died in Dongcheng in five years, but he did not feel guilty and did not blame himself. It was too late to say, "It is not the crime of using military force to destroy me." Isn't it absurd?
Du Mu, a talented man from the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem titled "Inscribed on Wujiang Pavilion": "The victorious and defeated soldiers have unpredictable family affairs, and it is a man who is ashamed to bear shame. The disciples in Jiangdong are many talented people, and their comeback is unknown." Wang Anshi and Du Mu of the Northern Song Dynasty had exactly the same views On the contrary, he said in "Ti Wu Jiang Pavilion": "The warriors are tired from hundreds of battles, and the Central Plains will never recover from a defeat. Although the children of Jiangdong are here today, who will come back as the king." Li Qingzhao, a female poet in the Song Dynasty, praised in her poem: "Sheng Although he is regarded as a hero, he will die as a ghost hero. I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross the Yangtze River. "
Mao Zedong, the former president of the People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of China, once said: "It is better to chase the poor bandits with the remaining brave men, and not to use their names. "Learn from the king."
Xiang Yu - Xiang Yu's spirit
Xiang Yu
"I was born as a hero, but died as a ghost hero. I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross the Yangtze River." ”
The hand is upright and dignified, penetrating the chest and pointing straight to the spine. "You will be a hero in life, but you will be a hero in death." This is not an exquisite combination of a few words, nor is it a clever embellishment of a few words. It is a condensation of the essence, a carrier of courage, and a fearless attitude towards life. That kind of awe-inspiring character and awe-inspiring righteousness filled the world, making ghosts and gods change their colors in vain. What is "as" is also "as", a woman! The delicate and boneless hands, the delicate and weak body, the tenderness of the performance, winding around the fingers and heart, the sadness cutting into the bones, the exquisiteness and touchingness can't be added. Through her consistent writing style, she is reflected in her aura of being famous in the literary world as "the sect of the graceful school". When the strength of the pen tip rises and the strength of the pen tip appears, this tenacity and momentum are so great, dare I ask how many men in the world can match it?
"I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross the Yangtze River." The female poet recalled the Chu tyrant named Xiang Yu, followed Xiang Yu's spirit and integrity, and hated the peaceful political affairs of the Song Dynasty. It is said that taking a step back, the sea and the sky are vast, just a river away, but it is the boundary between life and death. In just one thought, it is the difference between life and death. Xiang Yu, in order to live up to his reputation as a hero, live up to his seven-foot-long body, and live up to the trust of his elders in Jiangdong, died in retribution. "Refuse"! It’s not “can’t”, not “don’t want to”, not “unwilling”, not “won’t go”. The charm of a "unwilling" pen is better than the miraculous craftsmanship, and higher than the creation of heaven and earth. A kind of heroic spirit of "can be killed but not humiliated", "will not be afraid of death but will not be humiliated", stains the surface of the paper and penetrates the back of the paper. It’s so amazing that there are no words left!
The quatrains are not just for their artistic skill, not just for the cleverness of their words. When the awe-inspiring righteousness and literary talent are integrated into one place, where they are written, the heaven and earth will be shocked and ghosts and gods will weep. Because of her spiritual cohesion and moral integrity.
In modern literary works, someone once commented on Xiang Yu like this, "Xiang Yu is an unparalleled hero. He moans and screams, and thousands of people are useless. Why did he die in Dongcheng and make the world laugh? The reason for his failure' "The benevolence of a woman, the courage of an ordinary man" are all included. When he was defeated, if he crossed the Wu River and came back, he still didn't know who would win. But Xiang Yu sighed to the sky: "I crossed the river to the west with eight thousand people from the east of the Yangtze River." Now there is no one left, even though Jiangdong’s father and brother took pity on me, how can I see him? Even if I don’t say anything, I am not ashamed of myself, but I have given up my own self-esteem!”
From the author's perspective and at a certain level, I don't object to such comments, but that's only from the perspective of the author. Throughout history, there are countless heroes with endless romances. Xiang Yu died generously to repay his father and brother Jiangdong, and calmly sacrificed his life to comfort his son. With such integrity, when his heroic body suddenly fell to the ground, he rose into the sky, soared into the clouds, and spread. Thousands of miles, destroying people till now.
It is better to die without shame than to live with shame. This is the pen of choice made by Xiang Yu's life. It writes a kind of loyalty: loyalty to the name of a hero and loyalty to the spirit of a man. Thinking of "Farewell My Concubine", we can see its humanistic rendering and personality charm, creating the kind of generous integrity and tragic righteousness that would rather be broken than destroyed.
Li Qingzhao was born as a daughter. A frail woman, a rough and wandering woman, a woman who has gone through many vicissitudes of life. The "outstanding" characters described in the pen and ink are several levels higher than the rest of the world; the "heroic" characters described in the poems are prominent in places where ghosts and gods are everywhere. The word "thinking" indicates the direction of her thoughts and ambitions, and how fearless she is about life and death. This quatrain, in her words with lingering warmth and soft moans, is a sudden stroke of luck and a sudden rise. It is another revelation of her heritage, a different kind of temperament and brilliance, a symbol of the sorrow and anger of the country's subjugation, and patriotism. The strong character and sonorous testimony of the unyielding destiny.
The star-studded river of classical literature is filled with extremely bright stars. This is where China has gone through its five thousand years of history, leaving a colorful imprint on future generations. Countless talented men and beautiful women have qualified to write their own names in the history of literature with their dazzling talents. But no matter under the blue sky and white sun, or when the moon is in the sky, when you open the collection of poems, Li Qingzhao's quatrains of "Being a hero in life, and a hero in death" will always make people awe and think deeply with their majestic righteousness and proud character. , thinking and feeling!
What is the character of a person and what is the integrity of a person? We can find the most accurate answer from Li Qingzhao, a woman who dominates the literary world with her graceful and poignant beauty!
When it comes to Xiang Yu’s spirit, we have to think about the spirit of the Chu people. Throughout the history of the demise of the Qin Empire, the descendants of the Chu State should be the biggest winners. The Chu people figure in the entire anti-Qin force. It's also admirable. Not yielding, having faith, and hating Qin. Looking at history, as an ally, when Qin was conquering other vassal states, Chu had no doubts and kept its promise. Chu was the most innocent, but died in hatred in the end. It was a confused defeat. Therefore, when the Qin army invaded the capital of Ying, many Chu people committed suicide and died for their country. There is a classic rumor among the surviving Chu people: Although Chu has three households, if Qin is destroyed, Chu must die. In times of grief, he set up earth-shattering ambitions, and this rumor was verified by Xiang Yu's hands. Maybe this is the essence of a nation.
Xiang Yu - Farewell My Concubine
The story of Xiang Yu is well known to women and children. Many literati wrote poems to describe it, either pity or praise it, which all reflect Xiang Yu's role in Chinese history and impact on future generations. In the eyes of future generations, Xiang Yu's spirit has been sublimated to the highest level, injecting vitality into the essence of the Chinese nation.
Gaixiage
Xiang Yu
Strengthening the mountain, the world is overwhelming, the times are not good, the bad things will not fade away, the bad things will not fade away, what can be done, the danger is there, the danger is there Ruohe.
Liu Bang (256 BC - 195 BC), the emperor of the Han Dynasty, was of Han nationality, with the courtesy name Ji (one theory is that his original name was Ji). His father Liu Xuan, named Zhijia (Liu Taigong), had four sons, Liu Bo, Liu Zhong (also known as Liu Xi), Liu Bang and Liu Jiao. Liu Bang ranked third among four brothers. During the Qin Dynasty, he served as the pavilion chief of Sishui. He rebelled during the Peasant War at the end of the Qin Dynasty. When he ascended the throne and shouted, heroes from all over the world gathered under his command, and he was called "Pei Gong". In 206 BC, the rebel army led by Liu Bang took the lead in attacking Xianyang, the capital of Qin, and was granted the title of Xiang Yu, the leader of the rebel army. He was the king of Han, and his fiefdoms were Hanzhong and Bashu (so when the country was founded after defeating Xiang Yu, the country was named "Han"); he proclaimed himself emperor in 202 BC, made his capital Luoyang, and later moved the capital to Chang'an. After ascending the throne, Liu Bang adopted a loose policy of rest and recuperation, which not only appeased the people and united China, but also contributed to the cultural foundation of grace and magnanimity in the Han Dynasty. It can be said that Liu Bang truly unified the divided China, and also gradually united the disintegrated people's hearts. He made decisive contributions to the formation of the Han nation, the unification and strength of China, and the protection and promotion of Han culture. Reigned from 202 BC to 195 BC, eight years.
It should be noted that Han Gaozu is neither Liu Bang’s temple name nor his posthumous title. As the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang's temple name was "Taizu" and his posthumous title was "Emperor Gao". However, since Sima Qian, the historian in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang was called "Gaozu", and later generations often continued to use it, so he was called "Taizu Emperor Gao", "Han Gaodi" or "Han Gaozu" in history.
Chronology of Liu Bang
In 256 BC, Liu Bang was born in Pei County, Qin Dynasty, and was a native of Zhongyangli, Fengyi (now Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province).
In September 209 BC, Liu Bang rose up and joined the army of peasant uprisings in the late Qin Dynasty.
In October 206 BC, Liu Bang entered the Pass to destroy Qin in advance of Xiang Yu.
In 206 BC, Liu Bang was named King of Han, and the story of the Hongmen Banquet took place.
From 205 BC to 202 BC, Liu Bang destroyed Xiang Yu, conquered other rebel armies, and established the Han Dynasty.
From 201 BC to 195 BC, Liu Bang destroyed kings with different surnames in 6 years.
In 196 BC, Empress Lu killed Han Xin.
In 195 BC, Liu Bang died at the age of 62 and was buried in Changling