The area is 30 13 18 square kilometers.
The population is 57.68 million (1999). Mainly Italians. Italian is spoken, and French and German are spoken in some border areas. Most residents believe in Catholicism.
Rome is the capital with a population of 2.644 million (end of 1999).
The head of state, President carlo azeglio ciampi, was elected on May 3rd. 1999.
Important festivals: Liberation Day: April 25th, National Day: June 2nd.
The brief situation is located in southern Europe, including Apennine Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia and other islands. It is bordered by France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia by the Alps in the north, and the Mediterranean Sea, Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea and tyrrhenian sea in the east, south and west respectively. The coastline is about 7200 kilometers long. Most areas belong to subtropical Mediterranean climate. 10, the monthly average temperature is 65438+2 ~ 10℃, and the July average temperature is 23 ~ 26℃.
Italy, an ancient civilization, was ruled by the Holy Roman Empire in 962 after the Roman Empire (509-28 BC) and the Roman Empire (27-476 BC). 165438+ Normans invaded the south and established a kingdom in the 0 th century. From 12 to 13, it was divided into many kingdoms, principalities, autonomous cities and small feudal territories. Since16th century, it has been occupied by France, Spain and Austria. 186 1 The Kingdom of Italy was established in March. 1870, the royal army conquered Rome and completed reunification. 1922 65438+1October 3 1 Mussolini came to power and practiced fascist rule for more than 20 years. The Republic of China was founded on June 2, 1946. After the war, the Italian government changed frequently, but its internal and external policies were relatively stable and continuous.
Politics In the national election held in May, 20001,the center-right alliance "Freedom House" headed by Berlusconi defeated the center-left "Olive Tree Alliance" which has been in power for five years. In June, the 59th post-war Italian government with Berlusconi as prime minister was formed. The new government has carried out a series of reforms in the fields of justice, taxation and labor security, and its relations with opposition parties and trade unions have become tense. Diplomatically, Italy has a closer relationship with the United States, emphasizing the protection of its own interests in EU affairs.
The current Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on February 22nd, 1947. The Constitution stipulates that Italy is a democratic republic based on labor. The president represents the country abroad and is elected by a joint session of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is accountable to the Parliament.
Parliament is the highest legislative and supervisory body, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Republic of China. The two houses have equal power and can pass their own resolutions, but the resolutions of the two houses are interrelated. The Senate and the House of Representatives have 365,438+05 seats and 630 seats respectively. Both the Senate and the House of Representatives are elected by universal suffrage for a term of five years. The president has the right to appoint five senators for life during his term of office. The main functions of the parliament are: to formulate and amend the Constitution and laws, elect the president, consider and pass cases of trust or distrust in the government, supervise the government's work, discuss and approve the national budget and final accounts, have impeachment power over the president, prime minister and ministers, decide the state of war and grant the government the necessary political decision-making power. This session is the14th parliament after the war, and was elected in May 20001year. The Speaker of the Senate is marcello Pera (Italian Power Party) and the Speaker of the House of Representatives is Pierre Ferdinando Cassini (Catholic Democratic Center). The seats occupied by the center-right and center-left camps and their parties in the two houses are as follows:
House of Representatives and Senate
Freedom House (ruling coalition) 367 173
Electricite Italia 189 82
National trade unions 96 46
White Flowers 40 29
Northern Alliance 30 17
New Socialist Party 2 1
Spark-social movement-1
Independent candidate 10-
Olive Tree Alliance (Opposition Alliance) 24 1 17
Left-wing Democratic Party 138 62
Daisy 76 42
[Sunflower] 18 16
* * * Producer 9 3
Independent candidate 7 5
Regional Parties 4 3
Value Italy-1
European Democratic Party -2
Reconstruction * * * Producer 1 1 3
The current government was sworn in on June 1 1 2006, and it is the 59th government after the Italian War. The members of the Cabinet are as follows: Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister gianfranco fini, Deputy Prime Minister Marco Foligni and Interior Minister Giuseppe Pisanu. Minister of Economy and Finance Domenico Siniscalco, Minister of Defence Antonio Martino, Minister of Production Activities Antonio Marzano, Minister of Environment and Land Protection Altero Matteoli, Minister of Justice Roberto Castelli, Minister of Infrastructure and Transport Pietro Lunardi, Minister of Agriculture and Forest Policy Giovanni Alemanno, Minister of Labor and Social Policy Roberto Maroni, Minister of Cultural Heritage giuliano Urbani, Minister of Communication Maurizio Gasparri, Minister of Health Gerolamo Sirchia, Minister of Innovation and Technology Lucio Stanca, Minister of Institutional Reform and Decentralization Roberto Calderoli, Minister of Parliamentary Relations Carlo Giovanardi, Enrico La Gallery, Minister of Regional Affairs; Cludio Scajola, Minister of Government Planning and Implementation; Stefania Prestigiacomo, Minister of Equal Opportunities; mirko Mirko Tremaglia, Minister of Overseas Chinese; Rocco Butiglioni, Minister of EU Policy; Mario Bachini, Minister of Public Functions; letizia Moratti, Minister of Education, Universities and Scientific Research; Gianni Letta and Paul Bonaiuti, Vice Ministers of the Prime Minister's Office.
The whole country is divided into 20 administrative regions, 103 provinces and 8088 towns. The 20 administrative regions include 15 ordinary autonomous regions: Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto, Liguria, emilia-romagna, Tuscany, umbria, Lazio, Ma Erkai, abruzzo, molise, Campania, Puglia, basilicata, Calabria, and 5 special autonomous regions: Valle Dhaos Tower and Trentino-Alto Adi. These autonomous regions are due to.
The Supreme Judicial Council is the highest judicial organ. It has an independent judicial system and the power to appoint judges. It has the power to appoint, assign, dispatch, promote and prescribe measures for judges. It consists of 33 members, with the President as the chairman and the President of the Supreme Court and the Attorney General as ex officio members. The other members are composed of 65,438+00 members (lawyers and judicial professors) elected by the Parliament and 20 judges elected by all judges, with a term of four years, and cannot be re-elected or part-time. The Constitutional Court is mainly responsible for checking and supervising the constitutionality of legal provisions. It is composed of 15 judges, with a term of 9 years, no part-time job and immunity. Lei Natuo granata, President of the Constitutional Court, and vittorio Vittorio Sgroi, President of the Supreme Court.
In addition, there are local mediation judges, courts of first instance (misdemeanors), courts, courts of first instance (in charge of civil and criminal cases), courts of appeal and audit institutions (in charge of public accounts and pensions).
The main political parties are:
(1) forza Italia:19941was founded by silvio berlusconi. The party group was established before the national election in March, 1994. Its main strength comes from the Finningsi Group led by Berlusconi and some forces split after the decline of the former traditional ruling party. In March of the same year, he won the national election (with 2 1% of the vote) and the European Parliament election in June, and became an important political force in Italian politics. 1996 general election, the strength declined, and the vote rate was only 20.6%; In April 2000, Italy's power was significantly strengthened in local elections. 200 1 won the national election, with a vote rate as high as 29.5%, becoming the largest party in the country. In 2000, party member registered 300,000 people.
(2) Partito Democratico della Italiana: the Italian * * * Production Party, formerly known as 192 1, was renamed as 199 1 year. After 1947, the party has been the main opposition party in Italy, with a complete organizational mechanism and a broader mass base. In the April 1996 general election, the party won 2 1.2% of the votes and became the backbone of the ruling Coalition. 1In February, 1998, the party took the lead in proposing and promoting the establishment of a new political party, the Democratic Party of Sinisterra, which was composed of the left-wing People's Party, the Labor Party, * * and the five left-wing forces of the party, the United producers and the Christian social movement. 670,000 party member (2000). On June 5438+ 10, 2000, the party held its first congress in Turin, and elected the national secretary of Wertroni, who continued to serve as chairman. In the national election of 200 1, the left-wing people's party only got 16.6% of the votes, which fell to the lowest point in history and lost its ruling position. In the same year 10, 1 1, the party held its second congress in pesaro. The election law stipulated that Piero Fasino was the general secretary and D'Alema was the chairman.
(3) "Margarita" is composed of middle parties in the center-left camp, such as Italian People's Party (PPI), Democratic Party (Democratici), Italian Innovation Party and European Democratic Union (UDEUR). Won 14.5% of the votes in the national election of 200 1. The leader is Francesco Rutelli, the former mayor of Rome and the candidate for prime minister of the center-left alliance.
(4) Alleanza Nazionale: Formerly known as the former Italian social movement-National Right, it was founded in 1946. Because the color is far right, it is isolated. The current name is activated at the end of 1993. After the reform, it appeared as a gentle face and its power expanded rapidly. 1March 1994 general election, won 13.5% of the votes and entered the cabinet for the first time. 1In February, 1998, a platform conference was held, which clearly announced the severance of relations with fascist history and devoted itself to establishing the image of a new right-wing party. In 2000, party member registered 532,000 people. In June 2006, 5438+0 won 12% of the votes and returned to the ruling position. Gianfranco fini, the leader of the party, became deputy prime minister.
(5) Reconstruction of Partito della Rifondazione Comunista Italiana, Italy: 199 1 12 was re-established on the basis of the original Italian * * * production party. The party adheres to the traditional left-wing ideology and emphasizes safeguarding the interests of the broad masses of workers, especially the middle and lower classes. In the 1996 general election, it won 8.6% of the votes and became an indispensable force in the parliamentary majority of the center-left alliance. In 2000, the number of people rebuilding party member was 90,000. 200 1 general election, reconstruction * * * withdrew from the center-left alliance and stood for election independently, with a vote rate of 5%. General Secretary Hostaux Bertinotti.
(6) Lega Nord: Formerly known as Lombardy Union, it was founded in April 1984. It represents the interests of small and medium-sized enterprises, advocates federalism and local autonomy, and its power and influence are mainly concentrated in the northern region. In the general election of 1996, the vote rate was as high as 10. 1%. Later, because the party pushed the idea of federalism to the extreme and engaged in activities to split Italy, it was strongly opposed by the Italian government, parliament and public opinion, and its influence and support rate declined. The party abandoned separatism in the local elections in 2000. In the 200 1 general election, the vote rate was only 3.9%, but he joined the center-right alliance and entered the cabinet to participate in politics. Umberto Bosi, Minister.
(7) "Bianco Fiore" is the middle party of two right-wing camps, namely, the Catholic Democratic Center (CCD) and the United Christian Democratic Party (CDU). The leaders are Pierre Ferdinando Cassini and Rocco Butiglione. The alliance won 5.8% and 3.2% of the votes in the two elections of 1996 and 200 1 respectively.
Important person: Chairman. Born in 1920, graduated from the literature department and law department of Pisa University. A famous Italian economist and financial expert. Independent. 1979 was the governor of the central bank, and 1993 to 1994 was the prime minister. 1996 as finance minister. 1999 was elected president.
Silvio berlusconi: Prime Minister. Born in 1936. A famous Italian entrepreneur with a wealth of about $654.38+0.5 billion. The Fenningxi Group he founded has an annual turnover of 7 billion lira. It owns three major private television stations in China, the famous AC Milan Football Club, Mondadori Publishing House, Time and Panorama Weekly, daily newspapers and 300 companies in the fields of finance, insurance and commerce, and is the second largest private group in Italy after Fiat Group. 1994, he founded the "Italian Power" and won the general election that year, becoming the 53rd Prime Minister of the postwar government. Step down in seven months. In May, 20001,Freedom House, a center-right alliance led by Bay, won the national election again, and became the 59th Prime Minister in June.
Affected by the global economic downturn, Italy's 200 1 economic growth is slow, lower than the government's 2% expectation. After the center-right government came to power, it launched a "100-day plan" to revitalize the economy, including encouraging investment, increasing employment, abolishing inheritance tax and gift tax, reducing the burden on enterprises, promoting industrial and infrastructure construction, reforming the labor and employment system, reducing medical expenses, raising the minimum pension, gradually abolishing the underground economy, adopting high technology, etc., which was welcomed by business owners, but the contradiction between labor and capital intensified. The main economic indicators of Italy in 200 1 year are as follows:
Gross domestic product:12165.83 million euros (about10.94925 million US dollars).
Per capita GDP:2 109 1940 euros (about 18983 USD).
GDP growth rate: 1.8%.
Currency name: lira, euro.
Exchange rate: 1 euro =0.9 USD, 1000 lira = 0.62 1 euro.
Inflation rate: 1.4%.
Unemployment rate: 9.5%.
Mineral resources are scarce, only hydropower, geothermal energy, natural gas, marble, mercury, sulfur and a small amount of lead, aluminum, zinc and bauxite.
Three quarters of the energy supply and main industrial raw materials in this industry depend on foreign imports, while more than 1/3 of the products are exported. Historically, Italian state-owned enterprises were relatively developed. Yili, Eni and Eiffel used to be three state-owned consortia, accounting for about13 of the national industrial output value, and their business scope involved steel, shipbuilding, machinery, petroleum, chemical industry, arms and other departments. Since 1990s, the government has accelerated the privatization of state-owned enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises occupy an important position in the nursing economy, and have great advantages in the fields of tanning, shoemaking, clothing, textiles, furniture, kitchen equipment, ceramic tiles, silk, jewelry, wine-making, machinery, marble mining and machinery industry, and are characterized by high degree of specialization, strong adaptability and large proportion of products exported. Italy ranks sixth in the world in crude oil processing capacity, with an annual refining capacity of about 654.38 billion tons. In 200 1 year, the output of crude steel is 26.7 million tons, the output of plastics and tractors is the sixth in the world, and the power generation is the ninth in the world. In recent years, I am interested in the development of emerging technology industries, mainly electronics industry. At present, the information and communication technology industry accounts for 6.2% of the gross national product. Output of main industrial products in recent years: (1995 = 100)
1998 1999 2000
Energy products107.4109.4112.4
Metal and nonferrous ore 99.9 9 1.6 98.9
Non-metallic ore104.9109.3114.9
Chemical products105.9106.1107.7
Metal products106105.1106.8
Agricultural and industrial machinery103.7101107.5
Office equipment10192.9103.8
Mechanical and electrical products 98.7 98. 1 98.8
Transportation equipment111.11.8116.4.
Food and tobacco104.4107.5109.7
Textiles, clothing and leather 99.9 95. 1 95.6
Wood and furniture10411.9121.3
Paper and publishing industry10711.5112.5
Total index104.3104.4107.7.
(Source: Annual Report of the Bank of Italy in 2000)
In 2000, the output value of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery was 52.8 trillion lira, accounting for 2.4% of GDP. Due to mountainous areas and lack of fertile soil, the area of agricultural arable land only accounts for 10% of the total area of China (1995). 1995 The main agricultural output values are as follows: 3,606.5 billion lire for crops, 2,243 lire for livestock, 733 billion lire for forestry and 230.7 billion lire for fisheries. In 20001year, the import and export of vegetables, beans and fruits in Italy were194 billion euros and 2.853 billion euros, respectively, increasing by 20.7% and 1.7% over the previous year. It means that the world's second largest wine producer, after France, produces 5 1 100 million liters of wine in 200 1 year, which is 5% less than the previous year, accounting for about one-fifth of the world's total output. The export profit in 2000 was 2 billion euros, and the export profit in the first nine months of 20001year was 654,380.8 billion euros. Besides fruits and vegetables, it means a net importer of agricultural products. The total output of major agricultural products in recent years is as follows (unit: ton):
1998 1999 2000
Wheat 8460.9 7947.2 764 1.8
Corn 9127.310127.910/96.3
Potato 2320.7 2 155.8 2 108
Tomatoes 6076.4 7498. 1 7594.2
Grape 9400.2 9599.6 9 186.5
Olive 2664.9 3888.4 2927.4
Citrus1422.31912.71852
Apple 220 1.5 2383.7 28338+0
(Source: Italian National Bureau of Statistics, Annual Statistics 2000)
Tourism tourism is developed, and tourism income is an important source to make up for the country's balance of payments deficit. In 200 1 year, foreign tourists spent about 28.779 million euros, down 3.8%; Italian tourist consumption abroad 1, 568. 1, 000 euros, down by 7.9%; The net profit of tourism in the whole year was 6.5438+0.3098 million euros, slightly higher than the previous year's 6.5438+0.2893 million euros. Italy is rich in tourism resources, humid climate, beautiful scenery, numerous cultural relics, good beaches and mountains, and convenient highways. Most hotels are small and medium-sized There are 1 15000 hotels in China, including hotels, campsites, tourist villages and agricultural tourist houses. In 2000, it received 44.53 million domestic tourists and 34.59 million foreign tourists. The number of people staying in China is China 1948 13000, and foreigners 137545000. The main tourist cities are Rome, Florence and Venice.
Traffic Domestic traffic mainly depends on roads, with road passenger traffic accounting for 2/3 and freight traffic accounting for 70%. The toll revenue of 1989 is about 3 trillion lira, and that of 1998 is 679.8 billion lira, which has more than doubled.
Railway: 1995, with a total length of 19527 km, of which 80% are state-owned railways and the rest are private railways. In 200 1 year, the national railway company made a profit of 20 million euros for the first time. Group employees106,000, ensuring 7500 trains running every day; The annual passenger traffic is 474 million passengers and the freight volume is 87 million tons. The group owns 80,000 locomotives and vehicles on the railway with a length of16,000 km, and is also responsible for the ferry crossing the Messina Strait to Sardinia.
Highway: 1995, with a total length of 307771km; China has 30.3 million motor vehicles, 2.8 million commercial vehicles and 6.2 million motorcycles and mopeds. 1996 road transport17.55 million tons/km. From 65438 to 0999, the total length of Italian expressways was 6,453 kilometers, and it was decided to sell the shares of state-owned expressways and hand over 30,000 kilometers of expressways to local management.
Water transport: Due to its special geographical location, sea transport has always been the main mode of cargo transportation. 1986 There were 203 merchant ships and fishing boats, with a total tonnage of 8.06 million tons; 1995 65438+294 million tons of inbound goods; /kloc-0.08 million tons of outbound goods (of which 5 100 million tons are shipped abroad); China has 19 major ports, such as Genoa, Naples, Venice, Trieste, taranto, Livorno and Siracusa. Due to the measures of establishing independent management institutions, privatization and liberalization of port services, its ports are more competitive than other ports in the central Mediterranean.
Air transport: 1998 international arrivals17.9 million passengers, including 6.6 million passengers from Alitalia; The number of people leaving Hong Kong is 6.5438+0.98 million, of which 6.9 million are from Alitalia. The main airports are fiumicino in Rome, Noeraert in Milan, Malpensa in Turin and Caselle.
Huge fiscal deficit and public debt have always been two major problems in the Italian economy. Since 1992, it has intentionally increased its privatization, and successively invested in National Labor Bank (BNL), Credit Italia Bank (1993 65438+February), Italian Commercial Bank (1994 March), as well as Yili, Eni and National Insurance Company (INA). At the same time, public expenditure has been cut, the social welfare system has been reformed, and the financial situation has been continuously improved. 1999, the first batch to join the European Economic and Monetary Union. In 200 1 year, the government's fiscal deficit was1761400 million euros (34.3 trillion lira), accounting for about 1.4% of GDP, and the national debt was about122.4 billion euros, accounting for about/kloc-of GDP. The financial revenue and expenditure in recent years are as follows (unit: one billion euros):
1999 2000 200 1
Fiscal deficit-194.17-62.63-176.6438+04
(%) of GDP1.80.51.4.
Treasury bonds 2457 2493 13300
(%) of GDP114.9110.6109.4.
Note: 1999 and 2000, the unit of public debt was trillion euros.
(Source: Italian National Bureau of Statistics Economic Situation Report 200 1)
The main banks are as follows: Sao Paulo Imi, formerly known as the Bank of Sao Paulo in Turin, was established in 1563 with assets of 99 billion euros (2001); In 2000, he took over the Bank of Naples, including its 16.2% government share. IntesaBci, which was formed by the merger of Lombardy Savings Bank 1998 and Ambro Veneto Bank, merged with Parma Savings Bank and Frisian Bank on 1999, and then merged with Italian Commercial Bank (Bci) on 200 1, with total assets of 96.3 billion euros (2006544). UniCredit is the first banking group in Italy. 1June, 1998, Credit Italia, Rollo Bank and Turin merged into UniCredit Italia. 1June, 1999, Trieste Savings Bank of Trento and Rovereto was merged again, with assets of 732.2 billion euros (200 1). Banca di Roma, founded on March 9th, 1880, with assets of 25.4 billion euros (2001); 1997 acquired 33% of the shares of Yili Group, 1999 acquired Mediocredito Centrale, one of the last state-owned banks in Italy. The National Labor Bank (BNL) was established in August 2003 with assets of1919.8 billion euros (200 1).
Foreign trade is the main pillar of Italian economy. Traditional products are the main source of foreign exchange earned by export, with manufacturing accounting for a quarter of the total output value and three quarters of products and services exported. Although the output value of service industry is twice that of manufacturing industry, most service industries are related to the marketing or supply of manufacturing products. Specialized industrial zones and government policies to encourage exports have effectively promoted export growth. Italy's foreign trade surplus year after year is the third largest country in the world after Japan and Germany. Due to the rising oil prices and the depreciation of the euro, Italy's trade surplus in 200 1 year reached 9.8 billion euros (19 trillion lira); Among them, imports were almost the same as the previous year, totaling 495.499 billion lira (26,065,438+79 million euros), up 0.6% over the previous year, while exports were 4982.0 10 billion lira (269,705,438+million euros), up 3.6% over the previous year, mainly to Russia, China and Central and Eastern Europe. The foreign trade situation in recent years is as follows (unit: billion euros):
2000 200 1
Total amount 5 139 5298.8
Import value 2559 260 1.79
Export value 25802697.06438+0
Difference 2 1 95.22
(Source: Italian National Bureau of Statistics Economic Situation Report 200 1)
Imports are mainly petroleum, raw materials and food, and exports are mainly mechanical equipment, chemical products, household appliances, textiles, clothing, leather shoes, gold and silver jewelry and other light industrial products. Italy's foreign markets are mainly in Europe. The regional distribution and import and export volume of Italy's foreign trade in 200 1 year are as follows: (unit: 100 million euros)
The year-on-year growth rate of imports and exports.
Omon1469.44 0.3%1448+040.3%
Eu member States 1284.40 1.3%
European Free Trade Association 107.32 14.8%
Russia 85.34 2.4%
Other European countries 33.73 25.1%49.0217.2%
EU candidate 159.20 19.7%
Opec countries181.13-12.6%102.68 20.7%
USA 127.78-5.5%
Mercosur 34.55 -5.6% 37.49-1.7%
China 74.8 1 6.4% 32.72 37.5
Japanese books 62.77-2.2% 47.04 8.4%
Asian economies 63.50-5.9%
Other countries 202.22 0.3% 25 1.96 3.3%
Note: EFTA: EFTA countries; MERCOSUR: Southern Common Market, mainly referring to Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina; Asian economies refer to Singapore, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong.
(Source: Italian National Bureau of Statistics 200 1 Economic Report)
Import and export trade of major projects in recent years: (unit: million US dollars)
1998 1999 2000
Total exports 245.7 235.2 238.3
Machinery and transportation equipment110.0105.010.0
Textiles, clothing and leather 38.5 37.0 4 1.0
Metal products14.214.816.8
Total imports 2 18.4 220.3 236.6
Machinery and transportation equipment 74.5 83.0 93.5
Chemical products 32.5 36.0 39.5
Energy products 18.5 19.5 22.3
Metals and nonferrous metals 19.0 20.0 22.0
(Source: Press release of the Italian National Bureau of Statistics, 2000)
Famous companies A brief introduction of several famous big companies is as follows:
(1) Gruppo Fiat, full name of Turin Automobile Factory, Italy, was founded in 1899, and its current name was officially adopted in 1906. The business scope of the enterprises controlled by the Agnelli family includes: various forms of automobiles and parts, commercial vehicles, agricultural and construction machinery, metallurgical products, production systems, aircraft and marine engines, publishing and communication, finance and insurance, and commercial services. In 2000, Fiat Group's turnover exceeded 57 billion euros, and it had 654,438+0,064 companies in 64 countries around the world, with 223,000 employees, of which 654,438+0./kloc-0./10 million were distributed in overseas companies. Among its 242 production plants, 167 are located abroad, 13 1 is located in the R&D center, and 6 1 is located overseas. In 2000, Fiat Auto Company * * * produced 2.439 million cars, and its operating income reached more than 25 billion euros, accounting for 45.5% of the group's total income. 200 1 year, the group lost 79 1 10,000 euros.
(2) National Hydrocarbon Company (Eni), also known as Eni Group. 1953 February 10 was formed by the merger of state-controlled oil, natural gas and petrochemical enterprises. Business scope includes: crude oil, natural gas, chemical and petrochemical products, nuclear fuel, coal, machinery and equipment, textile raw materials and clothing, mining and metallurgy, contracted construction and trade. In 20001year, the group's net profit reached 7.745 million euros, an increase of 1.974 million euros over the previous year, with an increase of about 34.2%.
People's livelihood is 200 1 year, and the total number of employed people in China is 21510.4 million, with 434,000 new jobs, up 2. 1% year-on-year. Among them, the agricultural population1126,000, up by 0.6% year-on-year; The industrial population is 684 1 10,000 people, with a year-on-year increase of1.1%; The population of construction industry1707,000, up by 5.5% year-on-year; Service industry population13.548 million, up 2.7% year-on-year; The number of unemployed people is 206 1 000, accounting for 9.5%. At present, every 3.4 people have a TV set, every 3.9 people have a radio, every 1.7 people have a telephone, and every 1000 people have 154 daily newspapers and 565 cars. For many years, the birth of Italian population has been zero or negative; In 200 1 year, there were 544,000 babies born and 544 deaths110,000. The population growth rate is zero, but the life expectancy is longer, with an average of 75 years for men and 82 years for women.
The southern region includes abruzzo, molise, Campania, Puglia, Calabria, licata, Brazil, Sicily and Sardinia. The southern area is 654.38+2300 square kilometers, accounting for 40.8% of the total area of Italy, and the population is 20.85 million, accounting for 36% of the national population. Although Italy is the fourth largest economic power in the European Union, due to historical reasons, the economic and social development in southern Italy is seriously lagging behind, and there is a big gap between the north and the south. Some provinces and regions are even the most backward places in the EU economy. Since 1995, although EU institutions and Italian government have been implementing various preferential policies for this region, its development and changes are still not obvious, which has become a long-standing problem in Italy. 1999 the per capita GDP of southern Italy is only in the central and northern regions.