1. Classical Chinese
Xu Jing (?—222), whose courtesy name was Wenxiu. A native of Pingyu, Runan (now Pingyu County, Henan Province). A celebrity and critic during the late Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. Shanxingcao, together with his younger brother Xu Shao, is world-famous for their ability to comment on people.
Later he was elected as Xiaolian by Liu Yi and appointed as Shangshulang. He defected to Kong Niao, Chen Yi, Xu Gong, Wang Lang and others successively. Before Sun Ce attacked Wang Lang, he and his family took refuge in Jiaozhou, and were treated courteously by the Jiaozhi prefect Xie.
Later, he benefited from the invitation of Liu Zhang, the governor of the state, and became the prefect of Bajun, Guanghan and Shujun successively. When Liu Bei besieged Chengdu, he tried to escape over the wall and was captured by Liu Zhang. After Liu Bei settled Shu, he wanted to abandon it, and on the advice of Fa Zheng, he made it the commander of the Zuo General.
In the 23rd year of Jian'an (218), Liu Bei was proclaimed King of Hanzhong and appointed Xu Jing as King Fu of Hanzhong. In the first year of Zhangwu (221), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and appointed Xu Jing as Situ, ranking among the three Dukes. He died in the second year of Zhangwu (222). There are two volumes of collected works. 2. Li Jingxi, also known as Ji Ming, classical Chinese answer
Zhou Shu Biography of Li Jingxi Original text Li Jingxi, also known as Ji Ming, was born in Hejian, and rarely lived in the world with his writing.
During the Taiwu period of the Wei Dynasty, Zeng Zuyi had made great achievements in defeating Pingliang. He was awarded the rank of Rongcheng County Male and the title of General Yingyang. Later he was the governor of Yan County.
He came from Zuzhen, Xijue, and served as a member of the Sanqi Shilang. His father, Qiong, was in Taihezhong, and he served as a nobleman. He served as a Yuanwai Lang and the magistrate of Wei County, and later became the governor of Fincheng County.
Ji Ming is fond of reading, has a strong memory, and has no ability to deal with it. His ancestor Guang was a minister during the Taiwu period, and he was good at ancient studies.
He first learned the meaning of characters from Qinghe Cui Xuanbo, the Minister of Civil Affairs, and learned regular seal script from Situ Cui Hao, so his method was passed down in his family. Ji Ming also taught it, which is quite different from Xu's.
He is also good at fortune-telling and knows a lot about magic. And those who are down and out do nothing to make a living.
There are more than a thousand volumes of books. Although he lives alone in poverty, he is not easily affected by hunger and cold.
He is an irreversible friend of Fan Yang and Lu Daoyuan. In Yong'an, Daoyuan persuaded him to become an official, and he became a mighty general.
At the beginning of Wei Xiaowu's reign, he moved to Zhenyuan General and searched for the infantry captain. After Xiaowu moved to the west, Ji Ming lived in Yi and Luo.
Hou Jing went outside the river and summoned Ji Ming to join the army. He was granted the title of Doctor Yinqing Guanglu and became a general of the Chinese Army. He paid homage to Xingtai Langzhong and eliminated the governor of Liyang County.
Ji Ming went to Xuanhu, but after inspecting the scenery, he could not rely on it, so he left. I was a guest in Yingchuan. I thought that the road to the world was not clear yet, so I wanted to travel in a leisurely way until I died.
At that time, Wang Sizheng was in the town of Yingchuan, and many envoys were summoned. Ji Ming had no choice but to go out and meet him.
Stay in the hotel for more than a month. Taizu conquered them again and entered the pass.
He ordered Ji Mingzheng to fix the ancient and modern characters in the East Pavilion. At the end of the reign of Emperor Datong, in addition to General Anxi, he sought to worship Zuo Lang.
In the Shilun generation, they all held the title of Chang Bo and served in Huasheng. Only Ji Ming lives in poverty and has no shame.
He is also diligent in his duties and does not neglect his writing. However, the nature is particularly fixed and does not suit the time.
Therefore, Yi was appointed as the historian, so there was no adjustment for ten years. In the first year of Emperor Gong of Wei, he was promoted to General Pingnan and Doctor Youyin Qingguanglu.
Liuguanjian was a scholar of foreign history. Xiao Min (Reprinted from No. 1 Fanwen.com, please keep this mark.)
Emperor Jian Tae, additionally conquered General Nan and Doctor Youjin Ziguanglu. At that time, the Grand Sima He Lanxiang attacked Tuyuhun and ordered Ji Ming to join the army.
Except General Hussar and Doctor Youguanglu. At the end of Wucheng's reign, he moved abroad to serve as a senior official.
In the third year of Baoding, the palace was flourishing. There was a severe drought in spring and summer, and the ministers were ordered to live in a hundred buildings, talking about gains and losses.
Ji Ming wrote a letter saying: I heard that Chengtang was suffering from drought, and I reported six things to myself. King Xuan went too far, and Guibisi was exhausted.
Isn’t it because I think about Yuan Yuan in the long run and mourn for the common people? It is now the month of farming, the rain is still there, and the heart of the country is filled with longing and yearning.
Your Majesty loves all kinds of people, loves all living beings, pays homage to hundreds of gods, but if you are still not harmonious, you may be acting unethically, going against the seasons, making mistakes in your actions, and inviting you to such a drought. In the "Spring and Autumn", the king must write down his actions, and his movements are rituals. Floods, droughts, yin and yang, all come unexpectedly.
Confucius said: "In words and deeds, the reason why a gentleman moves the world is because of his carelessness." "Spring and Autumn" In the thirty-first year of Duke Zhuang, there was no rain in the winter.
"The Legend of the Five Elements" believes that building a platform three times a year is an extravagance that does not benefit the people. In the summer of the 21st year of Duke Xi, there was a severe drought.
According to the "Five Elements Biography", it was built as the south gate to work for the people. In the summer of the second year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, there was a severe drought.
In the summer of the fifth year, there was a severe drought, with little water in rivers and no water in streams. According to the "Five Elements Biography", the people were first sent to Chang'an with a population of 146,000.
In the summer of the third year of Yuanshou, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was a severe drought. "Five Elements Biography" thinks that it is the year when the world is prosperous, so the official passes through Kunming Pool.
However, the merits of civil engineering and the mobilization of people to promote military service are often responded to in different ways. Classics and books serve as warnings, which may be thoughtful or thought-provoking.
God condemns, but if you change it, you will do better. Now if the people are reduced to provincial service in response to the divine punishment, and the common people's spiritual wealth will fall in time, and the good and the valley will be successful, then the new year will be coveted, and the son will not be late.
"Poetry" says: "The people have stopped working so hard that they can be well-off. Benefit this country and bring peace to all directions.
"Maybe the extreme yang will produce yin, and there will be more rain in autumn, and the year will be better. If you don’t climb it again, the people will have no covet. If you are hungry again, it will be even more worrying.
" ——"Book of Zhou" Volume 47 Biographies 39 Reference Translation Li Jingxi, courtesy name Ji Ming, was born in Hejian. He was famous for his filial piety when he was young.
During the reign of Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, his great-grandfather Li Yi was awarded a title to a man from Rongcheng County. He later became the prefect of Yanjun County. Both his grandfather Li Zhen and his father Li Qiong were granted hereditary titles. He was born with a strong memory and had the ability to memorize silently, but not the ability to answer questions. His grandfather Li Guang was a minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs at the time, and he was good at ancient studies. Cui Hong studied the meaning of characters, and also learned regular script and seal script from Situ Cui Hao. From then on, his studies were passed down in his family. Ji Ming also studied the meaning of characters, regular script and seal script, and was very different from Xu Shen.
He also loved celestial phenomena. , is very proficient in magic, but he is poor and frustrated and does not engage in making a living. He has more than a thousand books.
Although he lives alone in poverty, he does not change his moral integrity due to the pressure of life. Lu Daoyuan was a congenial and affectionate friend.
During the reign of Emperor Xiaozhuang of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Lu Daoyuan persuaded him to become an official and became a powerful general. Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved west, and Ji Ming lived in Yi. Luo.
Hou Jing seized the land in Henan and summoned Ji Ming to the army. Later, he was appointed as the prefect of Liyang County. Ji Ming followed Hou Jing to Xuanhu and found that Hou Jing was finally unable to rely on him. He left him and lived in Yingchuan.
At that time, Wang Sizheng was guarding Yingchuan and sent people to summon Ji Ming many times. After more than a month, Emperor Wen of Zhou summoned him again. Guanzhong.
Emperor Wen of the Zhou Dynasty ordered Ji Ming to revise the ancient and modern texts in Dongge. At the end of the reign of Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty, he was awarded the title of Zhu Lang. All officials held concurrent positions as servants, and their carriages, horses, and clothing were sumptuous. Ji Ming was the only one who lived in a poor and lowly position, but he showed no signs of shame. Ji Ming was diligent in his duties and never slacked off in his writing. He was stubborn and unsuitable for the time, so once he became a historian, he would not be transferred for ten years. In the last years of Emperor Wucheng of Zhou Ming, he was promoted to the official position of Foreign History.
In the third year of Baoding (563), Emperor Wu of Zhou built a large number of palaces and suffered severe droughts in spring and summer. , ordered the ministers and civil and military officials to do their best to report the gains and losses of the government. Ji Ming sent a secret memorial and said: "I heard that there was a drought during Chengtang, so I asked the six ministers to state the gains and losses themselves.
King Xuan of Zhou went too far and ran out of precious jade. Aren't you thinking long-term for the people and bemoaning their misfortune? Now is the critical month for farming. The seasonal rains have been delayed, and people all over the world are longing for rain.
Your Majesty cares about everything in the world, cares for everyone as much as he cares for his sons, respects and treats all kinds of gods with respect and courtesy, but he cannot have a good harvest and harmony. Could it be that some things were out of control, contrary to the season, and actions were out of balance, which led to this drought? "Spring and Autumn" says that the monarch's actions must be recorded, and his actions must become a model of etiquette.
Floods, droughts, yin and yang are all caused by the monarch's actions. Confucius said: 'Words and actions have their own consequences. How can a moral person be careless when moving the world? 'Spring and Autumn' Zhuang Gongsan 3. Witty and eloquent in classical Chinese, Pan Jing, courtesy name Shichang
Pan Jing, courtesy name Shichang, was from Wulinghan.
When he was about 20 years old, the county government recruited Pan Jing as the chief administrator. The prefect Zhao Yan thought highly of him and once asked him: "Why is your county called Wuling?" Pan Jing said: "The original name of this county is the mausoleum. It is on the border of Chenyang County and borders the barbarians. It was attacked by the barbarians many times. During the reign of Emperor Guangwu, it was moved eastward and was preserved. We all discussed changing the name of the county together." According to the "Biography", the combination of "Zhi" and "Ge" means "Wu", and in "The Book of Songs", it is called "Ling" which is both high and flat, so the name of the county was called "Wuling".
"
Pan Jing was requisitioned by the state government, so he went to see the governor and was asked for advice. The word "unfilial" was caught. The governor joked to Pan Jing: "Is the requisition an unfilial person? Pan Jing immediately held up the paper and replied: "If you are a loyal minister now, you can no longer be a filial son." "Pan Jing's wit and change were similar to this.
Later, when the imperial court built the Ancestral Temple, people from various states and counties sent people to congratulate him. Pan Jing said to the eunuch: "When the Ancestral Temple is built and the god is moved, the Lord should be inquired, no. Congratulations are due. "The prefect then asked Pan Jing to write an article and sent him to the capital as a rule. 4. Answers to the classical Chinese reading of Lu Dazhong's character Jin Bo
Translation materials for reference:
Lu Dazhong, courtesy name Jin (or Jin) Bo, was born in Lantian, Jingzhao (now Lantian County, Xi'an City). He was a Jinshi in the fifth year of Emperor Renzong's reign (1053) (Volume 6 of "Lantian County Chronicles" in Jiaqing, Qing Dynasty). Wei and Jincheng signed a letter to appoint the national army judge. In the seventh year of Shenzong Xining (1074), he knew Daizhou and moved to Shizhou (Yuan Fengzhong, Volume 91). The judge moved to Huaixi Prison. In the first year of Zhe Zong Yuanyou (1086), he was the deputy envoy of Shaanxi ("Song Huiyao Collection" Shi Huo 24-26). He knew Shaanzhou and Qin Dynasty. Zhou, Weizhou and Tongzhou. He became an official in the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097) (Volume 492 of "Xuzhi Tongjian Changbian"). There are five volumes of "Wangchuan Collection" and ten volumes of "Memories". "Jun Zhai Shu Zhi" Volume 19) has been lost. "Song History" Volume 340 has a biography.
Lu Dazhong was upright and consistent in his words and deeds. Cheng Yi said: "Lu Jinbo is cute, old and eager to learn. When he learned about Qinzhou, the state judge was Ma Juan, the number one scholar in the imperial examination. At first, Ma Juan often called himself "the number one scholar". After seeing this, Lu Dazhong said to Ma Juan: "The person who is the number one scholar has not been eliminated. It is also called an official, but it is not allowed to be a judge. Nowadays, the study of imperial examinations is useless, so one must cultivate one's own studies. " He advised Ma Juan not to be obsessed with the name of the imperial examination, but to proceed from reality, adopt practical methods to cultivate his character, and constantly improve his governance. He often taught Ma Juan the methods and principles of diligent government and the people. Ma Juan was very grateful and humbly worshiped Lu Dazhong as his Teacher. Lu Dazhong also took Ma Juan to visit Xie Shangcai, a famous scholar who was an academic official in Qinzhou at that time. Every time he listened to Xie Shangcai's lectures on the Analects of Confucius, Lu Dazhong always kept his face straight. Ma Juan began to be puzzled. He said to him: "The words of the sage are still there, but I dare not be disrespectful. Later, Ma Juan was re-employed by the imperial court. He was very grateful and said: "Lv Gong taught me a lot." ”
Under the influence of his younger brother, Lu Dazhong also studied under Zhang Zai, and carried forward Zhang Zai’s tenets of “managing the world for practical use” and “practicing ethics as the basis”. After Zhang Zai’s death, Lu Dazhong still Dissatisfied with his knowledge, he went to Luoyang to complete his studies under Er Cheng. 5. Classical Chinese Reading Zhou Qizi Wan Qing was born in Zouping, Zizhou
13.D 14.A 15.B 16.(1 ) When Zhou Yi was serving as the magistrate of Weizhou, he was removed from his official position for committing a crime. Zhou Qi was only thirteen years old. He went to the capital to defend his father, and his father was reinstated.
(To the effect, 2 points, "Sitting on the throne." ""Yi" and "Litigation" each have 1 point) (2) Follow the emperor to worship Fenyin, temporarily serving as Hezhong Mansion, and later moved to Yongxing and Tianxiong Army. Wherever he went, he had a strong style and was praised by the emperor many times. ( 2 points for the general idea, 1 point each for "Congsi", "Quanzhi" and "Praise") Analysis 13. Analysis of test questions: To segment sentences in classical Chinese, you must first infer the general meaning of the sentence. The general understanding of this sentence is "be good at listening and judging, discerning the details, without Backlog of official duties.
Zhenzong once went to the government office to express his condolences. Zhou Qi asked: "Your Majesty lived here before he ascended the throne. I request to avoid this main hall and move to the west corridor below the hall." 'The emperor issued an edict to agree with his opinion and named the lobby Ji Zhao Tang."
Then combined with the general rules of sentence segmentation, such as "Zhenzong", "Qi" and "Your Majesty" as the subject before the sentence segmentation Open. Test point: Comprehension of the sentences in the text.
The ability level is Comprehension B. 14. Question analysis: A. "Zhenzong, Renzong" is not a posthumous name, but a temple name.
Test points: Memorize common knowledge of literature. The ability level is Memorize A.
15. Question analysis: B "Zhou Qi corrected those cases where grievances have been committed". The text content is: Zhou Qi. Request that the complaints of those prisoners who have been sentenced but are actually wronged and who were tortured indiscriminately by the officials will be heard.
Test points: Summarize the main points and summarize the central meaning. The ability level is analysis and synthesis C.
16. Test question analysis: Classical Chinese translation must first clarify the test points of the sentences, and then connect them into sentences based on supplementing the omitted components and adjusting the word order. The test points involved in this question are (1) the passive sentence of "sitting down and demoting one's official position", meaning one was demoted from one's official position due to a crime; "achieve" to arrive; "litigation" to litigate and defend grievances.
(2) "Congsi" means following the emperor in offering sacrifices; "Quanzhi" means acting temporarily; "Praise Edict" means issuing edicts and commendations. Test point: Translate sentences in the text.
The ability level is Understanding B. Classical Chinese translation: Zhou Qi, courtesy name Wanqing, was born in Zouping, Zizhou.
He was born with a plump jaw. His father Zhou Yi thought he was very strange and said: "This child will definitely shine on my family." Hence the name.
Zhou has been as smart as an adult since he was a child. When Zhou Yi was serving as the magistrate of Weizhou, he was removed from his official position due to a crime. Zhou Qi was only thirteen years old. He went to the capital to defend his father's grievances, and his father was reinstated.
After passing the Jinshi examination, he served as the governor of Qizhou. He was also promoted to Zuo Lang, and was promoted many times to the position of magistrate of the household department.
During Zhenzong’s Northern Expedition, Zhou began to manage the food and grass affairs of the accompanying army. Soon, he served as the left-behind judge in Tokyo and was also in charge of Wenguyuan. He is in charge of documents as You Zhengyan, and temporarily serves as Libu Liuneiquan.
The emperor granted the title of Mount Tai, and he served as the censor Zhongcheng. Wherever he went, he interviewed officials about their abilities and the suffering of the people, and reported to the court. After Dongfeng returned to the dynasty, all the emperor's ministers praised him for his merits, but only Zhou Qi warned him to be prepared for danger in times of peace.
When the picket prison department was first set up, Zhou Qi was appointed as the first official. So Zhou Qi requested that those prisoners who had been sentenced but were actually wronged and who had been tortured indiscriminately by the officials should be heard. He appealed and the emperor listened to him. He was promoted to a direct bachelor of the Privy Council and temporarily acted as the governor of Kaifeng.
Zhou Qi is good at listening and judging, discerning details, and has no backlog of official duties. Zhenzong once went to the government office to express condolences, and Zhou Qi sent a petition saying: "Your Majesty lived here before he ascended the throne. I request to avoid this main hall and move to the west corridor room below the hall."
Your Majesty, Your Majesty The imperial edict agreed with him and named the hall Jizhaotang. Zhou Qi once performed something in the palace, and it happened that Renzong was born. The emperor said: "Do you know that I have a happy event? I should congratulate me on having a son."
The emperor then entered the harem, came out with money, and took out Reward Zhou Qi. He followed the emperor to offer sacrifices to Fenyin, and temporarily served as Hezhong Prefecture. Later, he was transferred to Yongxing and Tianxiong Army. Wherever he went, he had a strong style and was praised by the emperor many times.
He was granted the position of Minister of Rites. Zhou Qi had always been friendly with Kou Zhun. He and Kou Zhun once went to his colleague Cao Wei's house for a drink. Soon all the guests went back, but Zhou Qi and Kou Zhun were both very drunk and did not go back until late at night.
The next day, he went to court to see the emperor, took the blame on himself, and knelt down to apologize to the emperor. Zhenzong smiled and said: "The world is peaceful and peaceful. What's wrong with the ministers drinking together?" Kou Zhun was about to be demoted, and Zhou Qi was demoted to the position of Doctor of the Ministry of Finance, and later to Taichang Shaoqing.
Later he was restored to the position of minister of the Ministry of Rites. Due to illness, he asked to be in charge of Yingzhou and moved to Chenzhou. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Minister of Rites, and his posthumous title was "Anhui".
Zhou Qi had a thorough and meticulous character. He would burn the drafts whenever he reported matters and responded to palace documents in writing, so his opinions on words were not known to outsiders. There are more than ten thousand volumes of books in his family. Zhou Qi is good at calligraphy, and his younger brother Zhou Chao is also good at calligraphy.
His younger brother collected calligraphy and evolved calligraphy from ancient and modern celebrities and wrote ten volumes of "Shu Yuan".