Write an article about the origin of surnames
As a continuation of bloodline, surnames first appeared in China. Starting from the Feng surname, the first Chinese surname in 3000 BC, Chinese surnames have continued to evolve with the development and changes of society. The latest research and statistics from relevant experts show that there are as many as 22,000 surnames used by Chinese people, and many of them have a history of thousands of years. The unity and continuity of Chinese culture are reflected in the inheritance of surnames.
According to research, the Chinese had surnames five thousand years ago. It was a matriarchal society at that time, and people only knew that there was a mother, but not a father. Therefore, the word "surname" is composed of "female" and "生", which vividly illustrates that the earliest surname is related to the mother.
During the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, people had both surnames and surnames. The "surname" comes from the name of the village where you live or the tribe you belong to. "Shi" comes from the land granted by the monarch, the title given by the monarch, the official position held, or the title added after death based on merit. Therefore, nobles have surnames, given names, and surnames, and common people have surnames, given names, and surnames, but no surnames. Men and women with the same "surname" can intermarry, but men and women with the same "surname" cannot intermarry. Because the Chinese discovered this genetic rule very early: incest marriage is detrimental to future generations.
The difference between surnames and surnames: In the pre-Qin period, surnames and surnames had different meanings. The surname represents blood relationship. People with the same surname cannot intermarry. The surname is a branch derived from the surname. It is a symbol of privilege and status. It is used to distinguish between high and low. Those with a surname are noble. Therefore, in the pre-Qin Dynasty, men were called by family name instead of surname.
The fusion of surnames and surnames: The Qin Dynasty abolished the original patriarchal feudal system and implemented the system of counties and counties. The surnames lost their meaning of representing nobility and inferiority, and were gradually used together with the surnames, becoming a symbol of patrilineal blood inheritance. Most of the surnames in China today are inherited from the surnames that originated in the Zhou Dynasty.
"Hundred Family Surnames" was written in the Northern Song Dynasty in 960 AD. It contains 408 single surnames, 30 compound surnames, and 438 single surnames. After development, the total number was said to have reached 5,000, but only about 1,000 were actually used.
There are "three major surnames" in various countries around the world. The United Kingdom is: Smythe, Jones, and Williams; the United States is: Smith, Johnson, and Carson; France is: Martin, Bernard, and Dupont; Germany is: Schultz, Mueller, Shmidt; Russia is: Ivanov, Vasiliev, Deternov; China has four surnames: Zhang, Wang, Li, and Zhao. They have a long history and are widely distributed, and they are all surnames given by the emperor.
According to the latest statistics, there are 100 million people with the surname Zhang alone. This is probably the largest surname in the world. In 1977, historian Li Dongming published an article on "surnames" in "Oriental Magazine". The article pointed out that the ten largest Chinese surnames are: Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, Chen, Yang, Wu, Liu, Huang and Zhou. These ten surnames account for 40% of the Chinese population, about 400 million people. The second largest ten surnames are: Xu, Zhu, Lin, Sun, Ma, Gao, Hu, Zheng, Guo and Xiao. Accounting for more than 10% of the Chinese population. The third largest ten surnames are: Xie, He, Xu, Song, Shen, Luo, Han, Deng, Liang, and Ye. Accounting for 10% of the Chinese population. The next 15 major surnames are: Fang, Cui, Cheng, Pan, Cao, Feng, Wang, Cai, Yuan, Lu, Tang, Qian, Du, Peng, and Lu. Together they account for 10% of the total population. In other words, among China's one billion people, 700 million people have these 45 surnames. The other more than 300 million people have relatively rare surnames, such as Mao, Jiang, Bai, Wen, Guan, Liao, Miao, Chi, etc.
The surnames of later generations come from the following sources:
1. Taking the surname as the surname. In the late clan society and even in the Xia and Shang dynasties, some of the names of branch clans also became later surnames, such as: Ji, Jiang, Si, Feng, Ji, Zi, Ren, Yi, Ying, and Yao.
2. Use the country’s name as your surname. The Xia and Shang dynasties both granted feudal lords and granted land. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, great feudalism was implemented. The vassal states, large and small, spread across the nine states. These country names became the descendants of their countries. Such as Cheng, Fang, Du, Ge, Lei, Song, Zheng, Wu, Qin, etc.
King Wen of Zhou granted his young son the title of Di Territory, and his descendants were named Di. A branch of the Baidi tribe established the Gu Kingdom in present-day Wuji County, Hebei Province, and their descendants had the surname Gu. Some surnames were brought by foreigners after the Qin and Han Dynasties. For example, the surname Mi comes from the country of Mi in the Western Regions, and the surname An comes from Anxi.
3. The surname is based on the name of the town. For example, during the reign of King Wu of Zhou Dynasty, Si Kou Yinsheng was granted a fief in Su, and his descendants were named Su.
4. Name the village or pavilion as its surname. For example, the descendants of Feizi, the founder of the Qin Kingdom with the surname Ying, were granted the title of Yi surname in the township. By the time the sixth generation grandson was granted the title of Yihou by King Xi of Zhou Dynasty, he was able to collect food and relieve the state.
5. Use the place of residence as the surname. For example, the princes and officials of Qi State lived in Dongguo, Nanguo, Xiguo, and Beiguo respectively, and these four Guo became surnames.
6. Use the surname or name of the ancestor. For example, the concubine of King Ping of Zhou was named Lin Kai, and his descendants were named Lin. Another example is the grandson of Tong Diao, a senior official in Qi State, who was passed down as the Diao family.
7. Use ranking as the surname. For example, in the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, there were the Mengsun, Shusun and Jisun families.
8. Take the official position as the surname. For example, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhiguansi, Sima and Sikong later became surnames. Another example is that in the Han Dynasty, there was a captain who controlled Su, and his descendants were named Su.
9. Taking skills as a surname. In the Shang Dynasty, there was the Wu family, who was the founder of divination with a divination vessel, and later generations regarded him as his family. Another example is Bu, Tao, Zhen, Tu and other surnames, all of which are based on skills.
10. The surnames brought about by the integration of ancient ethnic minorities into the Han nationality. Such as Murong, Yuwen, Huyan, etc.
11. Take the posthumous name as your surname. For example, the Zhuang family was originally the queen of King Zhuang of Chu, and the Kang family was originally the queen of Uncle Kang, the younger brother of King Wu of Zhou.
12. Change of surname due to given surname or taboo. For example, Emperor Longwu of the Southern Dynasty gave the national surname "Zhu" to Zheng Chenggong, and the people of Fujian and Taiwan called Zheng Chenggong "the national surname master". Another example is that the Han Emperor's name was Liu Heng, and the Heng family name was changed to Chang family.
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Please help me write an investigation report on surnames
The origin of Chinese surnames. As surnames that continue by blood, the earliest appeared in China. Starting from the Feng surname, the first Chinese surname in 3000 BC, Chinese surnames have continued to evolve with the development and changes of society. The latest research and statistics from relevant experts show that there are as many as 22,000 surnames used by Chinese people, and many of them have a history of thousands of years. The unity and continuity of Chinese culture are reflected in the inheritance of surnames. According to research, the Chinese had surnames five thousand years ago. It was a matriarchal society at that time, and people only knew that there was a mother, but not a father. Therefore, the word "surname" is composed of "female" and "生", which vividly illustrates that the earliest surname is related to the mother. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, people had both surnames and surnames. The "surname" comes from the name of the village where you live or the tribe you belong to. "Shi" comes from the land granted by the monarch, the title given by the monarch, the official position held, or the title added after death based on merit. Therefore, nobles have surnames, given names, and surnames, and common people have surnames, given names, and surnames, but no surnames. Men and women with the same "surname" can intermarry, but men and women with the same "surname" cannot intermarry. Because the Chinese discovered this genetic rule very early: incest marriage is detrimental to future generations. The difference between surnames and surnames: In the pre-Qin period, surnames and surnames had different meanings. The surname represents blood relationship. People with the same surname cannot intermarry. The surname is a branch derived from the surname. It is a symbol of privilege and status. It is used to distinguish between high and low. Those with a surname are noble. Therefore, in the pre-Qin Dynasty, men were called by family name instead of surname. The fusion of surnames and surnames: The Qin Dynasty abolished the original patriarchal feudal system and implemented the system of counties and counties. The surnames lost their meaning of representing nobility and status, and were gradually used together with the surnames, becoming a symbol of patrilineal blood inheritance.
Most of the surnames in China today are inherited from the surnames that originated in the Zhou Dynasty. "Hundred Family Surnames" was written in the Northern Song Dynasty in 960 AD. It contains 408 single surnames, 30 compound surnames, and 438 single surnames. After development, the total number was said to have reached 5,000, but only about 1,000 were actually used. Countries around the world have "three major surnames". The United Kingdom is: Smythe, Jones, Williams; the United States is: Smith, Johnson, Carson; France is: Martin, Bernard, Dupont; Germany is: Schultz, Mueller, Shmidt; Russia is: Ivanov, Vasiliev, Deternov; China has four major surnames: Zhang, Wang, Li, and Zhao. They have a long history and are widely distributed. They are all surnames given by the emperor. According to the latest statistics, there are 100 million people with the surname Zhang alone. This is probably the largest surname in the world. In 1977, historian Li Dongming published an article on "surnames" in "Oriental Magazine". The article pointed out that the ten largest Chinese surnames are: Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, Chen, Yang, Wu, Liu, Huang and Zhou. These ten surnames account for 40% of the Chinese population, about 400 million people. The second largest ten surnames are: Xu, Zhu, Lin, Sun, Ma, Gao, Hu, Zheng, Guo and Xiao. Accounting for more than 10% of the Chinese population. The third largest ten surnames are: Xie, He, Xu, Song, Shen, Luo, Han, Deng, Liang, and Ye. Accounting for 10% of the Chinese population. The next 15 major surnames are: Fang, Cui, Cheng, Pan, Cao, Feng, Wang, Cai, Yuan, Lu, Tang, Qian, Du, Peng, and Lu. Together they account for 10% of the total population. In other words, among China's one billion people, 700 million people have these 45 surnames. The other more than 300 million people have relatively rare surnames, such as Mao, Jiang, Bai, Wen, Guan, Liao, Miao, Chi, etc. The surnames of later generations may come from the following sources: 1. Taking the surname as the surname. In the late clan society and even in the Xia and Shang dynasties, some of the names of branch clans also became later surnames, such as: Ji, Jiang, Si, Feng, Ji, Zi, Ren, Yi, Ying, and Yao. 2. Use the country’s name as your surname. The Xia and Shang dynasties both granted feudal lords and granted land. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, great feudalism was implemented. The vassal states, large and small, spread across the nine states. These country names became the descendants of their countries. Such as Cheng, Fang, Du, Ge, Lei, Song, Zheng, Wu, Qin, etc. King Wen of Zhou granted his young son the title of Di Territory, and his descendants were named Di. A branch of the Baidi tribe established the Gu Kingdom in present-day Wuji County, Hebei Province, and their descendants had the surname Gu. Some surnames were brought by foreigners after the Qin and Han Dynasties. For example, the surname Mi comes from the country of Mi in the Western Regions, and the surname An comes from Anxi. 3. The surname is based on the name of the town. For example, during the reign of King Wu of Zhou Dynasty, Si Kou Yinsheng was granted a fief in Su, and his descendants were named Su. 4. Name the village or pavilion as a surname. For example, the descendants of Feizi, the founder of the Qin Kingdom with the surname Ying, were granted the title of Yi surname in the township. By the time the sixth generation grandson was granted the title of Yihou by King Xi of Zhou Dynasty, he was able to collect food and relieve the state. 5. Use the place of residence as the surname. For example, the princes and officials of Qi State lived in Dongguo, Nanguo, Xiguo, and Beiguo respectively, and these four Guo became surnames. 6. Use the surname or name of the ancestor. For example, the concubine of King Ping of Zhou was named Lin Kai, and his descendants were named Lin. Another example is the grandson of Tong Diao, a senior official in Qi State, who was passed down as the Diao family. 7. Use ranking as the surname. For example, in the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, there were the Mengsun, Shusun and Jisun families. 8. Take the official position as the surname. For example, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhiguansi, Sima and Sikong later became surnames. Another example is that in the Han Dynasty, there was a captain who controlled Su, and his descendants were named Su. 9. Taking skills as a surname. In the Shang Dynasty, there was the Wu family, who was the founder of divination with a divination vessel, and later generations regarded him as his family. Another example is Bu, Tao, Zhen, Tu and other surnames, all of which are based on skills. 10. The surnames brought about by the integration of ancient ethnic minorities into the Han people. Such as Murong, Yuwen, Huyan, etc. 11. Take posthumous name as surname. For example, the Zhuang family was originally the queen of King Zhuang of Chu, and the Kang family was originally the queen of Uncle Kang, the younger brother of King Wu of Zhou. 12. Change of surname due to given surname or taboo. For example, Emperor Longwu of the Southern Dynasty gave the national surname "Zhu" to Zheng Chenggong, and the people of Fujian and Taiwan called Zheng Chenggong "the national surname master". Another example is that Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty named Liu Heng, so the Heng family name was changed to the Chang family name.
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An investigation report on the origin of the surname Mao
The surname Mao ranks 76th among Chinese surnames ranked by population in mainland China today. , accounting for approximately 0.27 of the country's contemporary population, with a total number of approximately 3.2 million people. The blood ancestor of the Mao surname is Qi (known as Houji in history), the ancestor of the Zhou people.
9 Views 2802016-05-14
Our teacher asked us to write a research report on our surname. My surname is Mei. How to write a research report on the history and current situation of the surname Mei? ?
Research report on the history and current situation of the surname Mei. 1. Asking questions. I am the only one with the surname Mei in our class. I heard from the teacher that the surname is a kind of culture and is worth studying. So, I asked about the surname Mei. conducted another investigation into its history and current situation. 2. Investigation methods 1. Check out books about Chinese surnames and browse the Internet to learn about the origin of the surname Mei and historical celebrities. 2. Collect stories about celebrities with the surname Mei through various channels. 3. Aspects involved in the investigation and data collection, information channels, specific contents, books, and the Internet. The source of the surname Mei. There was a patriotic and loyal minister in the Shang Dynasty. The king of Shang named him Uncle Mei. He was later persecuted by the king of Shang Zhou. Later generations commemorated his loyalty and unyieldingness. , with his surname Mei. Books, newspapers, and the Internet. Mei Xun, Mei Qing, Mei Yaochen, Mei Lanfang, and Anita Mui in history. The number of people with the surname Mei on the Internet accounts for about 0.1% of the country's population. Online genealogy of the surname Mei. Eight volumes of the genealogy of the Mei family in Xinzhou, Hubei. It was revised three times by Mei Liezhong (the Republic of China) and was printed with movable type woodcuts in the seventh year of the Republic of China (AD 1918). Zhoushan Village, Greening Township, Xinzhou County, Hubei Province. 4. Conclusion 1. The surname Mei in our country has a long history. The ancestor of the surname Mei, Uncle Mei, was a patriotic and loyal minister. He was unyielding and unyielding. His loyalty will be remembered for generations. The descendants of the descendants will also take his surname in memory of him. plum. 2. In the long history, talents with the surname Mei have emerged in large numbers, including many writers in ancient times, such as Mei Xun, Mei Qing, Mei Yue, Mei Yaochen, etc., as well as modern artists Mei Lanfang and Anita Mui... We are The ancestors of the surname Mei are proud of the glory created! 3. The surname Mei has been distributed in the vast areas south of the Yangtze River such as Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Zhejiang. It is the 136th surname in China today. It has a large population, accounting for about 0.1% of the country's Han population.
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How to write the surname Cui in the investigation report?
The surname Cui is one of the surnames in China, North Korea and South Korea, and it is mainly derived from the surname Jiang. , the ancestor is Jiang Taigong, the originator is Emperor Yan Shennong, and Linzi (Zibo), Shandong Province is the birthplace of the Cui surname. The Cui surname reached its peak in the Six Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and belonged to a prominent family in the Central Plains and a popular surname throughout the country. The famous families were distributed in Zibo, Shandong, Puyang, Henan, Anping, Hebei, and Guidong, Hunan. The main hall names include Bolingtang, Qinghetang, etc. Celebrities in the past dynasties include the upright official Cui Zhuan, the writer Cui Xiang, the calligrapher Cui Yuan, the political commentator Cui Shi, the poets Cui Hao and Cui Hu, etc. The surname Cui ranked 189th in the Song Dynasty version of "Hundred Family Surnames". It ranks 54th among the surnames in China today and has a large population, accounting for about 0.28 of the country's Han population. Today, the surname Cui is especially common in Shandong, Henan, and Hebei, as well as in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jiangsu and other provinces. The above six provinces account for about 60% of the Han population in the country with the surname Cui. Overseas distribution is mostly in North Korea and South Korea. The origin of the surname Cuī has three origins: 1. It comes from the surname Jiang, which is named after the city. According to the "Tangshu Genealogy List of Prime Ministers" and "Yuanhe Surname Compilation" and other materials, Ji Zi, a descendant of Emperor Yan's Shennong and the eldest son of Ding Gongji, the king of Qi in the Western Zhou Dynasty, once ate food in Cui Yi (now Zhangqiu, Shandong Province). County), the descendants take Yi as their surname, which is the surname Cui of Shandong. According to records in various ancient books, the Cui family is derived from the surname Jiang. The surname Cui originated from the State of Qi in the Western Zhou Dynasty and has a history of nearly three thousand years. It was once a prominent family name in Shandong and a popular surname in China. Qi State was one of the important vassal states entrusted by King Wu of Zhou Dynasty in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Its capital was Linzi (now Zibo City, Shandong Province). Its founding monarch was Lu Shang. Lu Shang's original surname was Jiang. Because his ancestor was granted the title of Lu (now Nanyang, Henan Province), he was named Lu Shang from his surname. Lu Shang's son Ding Gongji was the second generation king of Qi. His legitimate son was called Ji Zi. He was supposed to inherit the throne, but he gave up the throne to his younger brother Shu Yi (i.e. Duke Yi), while he lived in Shizi. The mining area was Cui Yi (now northwest of Zhangqiu County, Shandong Province). Later, he took Yi as his surname and became the Cui family. And this Ding Gongji is said to be the son of Jiang Taigong Jiang Ziya. It can be seen that the Chinese Cui family is a direct descendant of Jiang Taigong, and can be traced back to the descendants of the Yan Emperor Shennong in ancient times.
Their surnames have a history of more than 3,000 thousand years. 2. According to the "New Book of Tang", the surname Cui existed in Silla during the Tang Dynasty. 3. The surname Cui comes from the ethnic minority: ① The surname Cui was among the surnames of Koreans and Manchus in the Qing Dynasty. ② Today, the Yi, Hui, Mongolian, Tu and other ethnic groups all have the surname Cui. Cui Jizi, the ancestor who got the surname. According to legend, Emperor Yan Shennong was the son of Shaodian. He got the surname Jiang because he lived on the shore of Jiangshui (a tributary of the Weishui River). In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, one of his descendants was Jiang, whose surname was Lu Shang, whose given name was Ziya, and was known as Jiang Ziya. He was granted the title of Qi (now northeastern Shandong Province) for his contribution to assisting King Wu in destroying the Shang Dynasty. Jiang Taigong's son was Qi Dinggong during the reign of King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty. Ji Zi's name is Dexing, his birth and death are unknown. The fifty-sixth generation grandson of Emperor Yan, the fourth son (legitimate son) of Duke Ding of Qi. After Ding Gong died, Ji Zi should succeed to the throne. But Ji Zi was benevolent and filial to the virtuous, and promoted the virtuous to the country to his brother-in-law, Uncle Yi. Ji Zi and his family lived in seclusion in the beautiful Cui Yi. Later, he was granted the surname of Yi, and his descendants took the surname "Cui". Known as the "ancestor of the Cui family" in history. The descendants of another branch of Qi Dinggong took the posthumous surname "Ding". Therefore, Qi Dinggong Ji was the ancestor of the two surnames "Cui" and "Ding". Note: Ji Zi, the ancients ranked him according to the ranking of "Bo Zhong Shu Ji", "Ji" should be four, so Ji Zi's ranking among brothers is four. However, he was indeed born to the imperial concubine, so the throne should be passed on to Ji Zi. Uncle Yi is the third eldest among the brothers, but because he is the concubine, there was a status difference between the concubine and the concubine in ancient times. Migration distribution Cui surname originated in Shandong. Ji Zi's descendants have been serving as officials of the state of Qi. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Cui Yiru, a descendant of Ji Zi, was appointed as a senior official in the State of Qin (the capital is now Xianyang, Shaanxi Province) and was granted the title of Marquis of Donglai. The eldest son Cui Boji was the Marquis of Donglai in the Western Han Dynasty and lived in Wucheng, east of Qinghe (now northeast of Qinghe County, Hebei Province, or west of today's Wucheng County, Shandong Province)