The Legend of Nurhachi

The legendary vegetable dumplings that Nuerhachi eats Bao 'er rice are also called "Bao 'er rice", "Fei Ke" and "Cai Tuan Zi". Its practice: put leaves such as Chinese cabbage and pickled cabbage on the palm of your hand, then put cooked rice (mainly small rice in the past), stir-fried vegetables, shallots and soy sauce on it, close the leaves with both hands, or wrap them into rolls and eat them with your hands; Or wrap it into a ball and eat it with both hands. The leaves, rice and vegetables used are often selected due to seasonal changes. There is a legend about the origin of eating cabbage. In those days, the old Han King Nurhachi took the Eight Banners soldiers out of the old city to attack Fushun, and surrounded Fushun for several days. People in Zhangjiakou Blockhouse cook for them every day. When he won the battle and took Fushun City, the old Han king did not order a rest, but commanded the Eight Banners to pursue the Ming army. As luck would have it, when the soldiers left, the people had just cooked their meals. The military orders are like a mountain, and I dare not eat the cooked food, so I have to set off. However, when a daughter-in-law saw the hungry soldiers leaving, she used her quick wits and said to the soldiers who lived in her house, "There is an idea. You can take your food with you and eat it on the road." At that time, there were no tools to bring food. These soldiers look at me and I look at you. That means, "You little wife are full of lies. How can we bring this food?" The daughter-in-law didn't speak when she saw that the soldier didn't believe it. I saw that she washed some fresh-dried cabbage leaves outside the house with water, smoothed them, put a spoon on the cooked rice with meat dishes, made a big vegetable dumpling with a bag of leaves, and gave it to each of these soldiers. The soldiers glanced at the clever kannika nimtragol with surprise and thanks, and hurried on their way. In order to pursue the Ming army, Lao Han Wang didn't let the soldiers eat, and he didn't eat himself. After he led the troops out of dozens of miles, he was caught in a heavy rain. By this time, King Lao Han and his team were exhausted and hungry. Old Han Wang ordered to rest and cook. However, just after the heavy rain, the ground is wet, some are wet, and cooking is impossible. At this time, the old Han Wang was anxious, hungry and helpless. When the soldiers with vegetable dumplings saw the appearance of the old Han king, they dedicated the vegetable dumplings in their arms to the old Han king. The old Han king held a dish with his hands and swallowed it. As the saying goes, chaff is like honey when he is hungry, but honey is not sweet when he is full. Old Han Wang ate this dish dumplings when he was starving, not to mention how delicious it was. When he was full, he asked where the dumplings came from. These soldiers reported to him truthfully. After listening to this, Lao Han Wang patted his thigh and said, This daughter-in-law is really smart, so we won't go hungry when we disturb her in the future. From then on, whenever there was a March and a war, Lao Han Wang asked the people to cook dumplings and bring them to the soldiers. This practice has gradually become a folk custom, forming a unique food of Manchu and has been passed down to this day. Why should Manchu commemorate crows? This should start with a myth and legend of Manchu.

Manchu is a descendant of the Jurchen nationality. They lived in the northeast of China a long time ago and gradually formed their own customs. The customs and habits of the early Jurchen nationality have not been preserved in the history books so far. Later customs, such as offering sacrifices to Wanli's mother, to dogs and to crows, are all legends in Nurhachi's personal growth process, with strong superstition, which spread among the people and became the customs respected by Manchu.

There are many anecdotes about "Old Han Wang" in Shengjing area. Legend has it that when Nurhachi was a teenager, due to the decline of his family, he once worked as a cop under Li Chengliang, the company commander of Liaodong in Ming Dynasty. Because Nurhachi is clever, Li Zongbing left him under the account as a Qinbing. One day, Li Zongbing suddenly received an "imperial edict" from the emperor, saying that there were purple stars descending from the sky and there were statues of the son of heaven in the northeast, so he sent Li Chengliang to arrest them. Time flies, and half a year passed quickly, but no trace of the future "son of heaven" was found, which made Li Chengliang unhappy all day. On this day, he asked Qinbing Nurhachi to bring him foot washing water to wash his feet. Li Chengliang said proudly, "You see, I can become a company commander because I have seven moles on my feet." Nuerhachi said disapprovingly, "To tell you the truth, I also have seven red moles on my feet!" Li Zongbing was shocked when he heard this, but he did not show any emotion. He thought that the "right son of heaven" I had been looking for for for a long time was by my side, and it was really hard to get it. He happily went back to his bedroom and said to his beloved concubine, Lihua, "The man whom the emperor asked me to arrest is right in front of us. Please send someone to prepare the prison car and deliver Nurhachi to the capital for a reward!" Confused by this remark, the second monk, Zhang Lihua, quickly asked, "What's wrong with you today, Master? I don't understand what you said at all!" So Li Chengliang told Pear Flower what had just happened again. Pear flower thought, it would be a pity to send Nurhachi, a young man, to the capital. She pondered for a moment, then smiled apologetically and said, "I congratulate you!" On the surface, she complimented Li Zongbing and wondered how to save Nurhachi from danger. That night, when she saw that Li Chengliang was already asleep, she got up quietly and went to the concierge to wake Nurhachi up and told him that Li Zongbing was going to escort him to the capital to receive the reward. Nurhachi was so scared that he broke into a cold sweat that he quickly knelt down and said, "Madam's rescue is really a rebirth of his parents. He was successful in his years, and he respected his wife first and his parents later." Pear flower urged him to run away quickly. Nurhachi, with great gratitude, stole a big green horse and rushed to Changbai Mountain. His old yellow dog, which he kept at ordinary times, also quietly went with him.

The next day, Li Chengliang disappeared from Nurhachi. When he went to the backyard, he was surprised. His beloved concubine, Pear Flower, was hanged under the willow tree with white silk. He immediately realized it and flew into a rage. Ask someone to untie the pear flower, strip her naked, hit the forty boards hard, and then send someone to chase it, and make sure to catch Nurhachi back.

It is said that Manchu people put willow branches in front of the door on the day when the yellow rice is ripe every year, that is, the day when Mrs. Pear hanged herself, to show their respect for Mrs. Pear who saved their ancestor Nurhachi. Not only that, in the past, when the Manchu people offered sacrifices to sweep, they began to put out the lights and offer sacrifices to sweep first. Legend has it that it was to worship the ancestor Mrs. Lihua. Because he was naked when he died, in order to avoid shame, he turned off the lights and offered sacrifices. Since then, inserting willow branches in front of the door and turning off the lights to offer sacrifices to sweep have become Manchu customs and habits, which have been passed down.

Let's talk about it. Nurhachi ran all night, and he was exhausted. He wanted to dismount and have a rest. Just as he was about to dismount, he suddenly heard the noise from the horse behind him. This must be the pursuer coming up, slapping the big green horse and running forward again. It's strange, this big green horse is as fast as lightning. Later, the big green horse was sweating and panting, and was exhausted to the ground. Nurhachi said sadly, "If you can win the world in the future, you will never forget' Daqing!'" "Later, after Nurhachi's death, when Huang Taiji ascended the throne, he changed his name to" Daqing "and followed Nurhachi's living promise.

The Daqingma in Nurhachi was so tired that he had to run away on foot. But Li Chengliang's men chased him, and he was about to catch up with him. He was in a hurry and got into the meadow in front. The pursuers arrived and saw the meadow standing there. What a sigh! After a while, they figured out a way to burn this meadow with fire, so Nurhachi would be burned to death by the fire, and it would be a job to go back. The time was full of flames. At this time, Nuerhachi was exhausted from running and fell asleep lying on the grass. He knew that the fire was going to burn his head. When he woke up, he felt that he was lying in the Shui Bo. When I stood up, I saw that all the grass around me had burned out, and only my beloved old yellow dog was exhausted by my side. He understood that it must be that the yellow dog jumped into the bubble to get wet, and then returned to his side to get the grass and clothes wet, so that he saved his life, but the yellow dog was exhausted. He immediately burst into tears and said to the yellow dog, "Yellow dog! You saved my life, and I will never forget you. I will tell my children and grandchildren never to kill dogs, eat dog meat, and wear dog skin hats and clothes. "

After Nuerhachi buried the yellow dog, he heard that someone was chasing him. Looking back, he really caught up with the pursuers. It turned out that the pursuers were going back, and one of them said, "Let's go back and have a look. If it doesn't burn, we won't be able to make a job. "So they went back to the meadow and looked at it carefully, but they didn't see Nurhachi's body and ashes. They suddenly realized that they must have run away and chased forward. Nurhachi was walking in a hurry when he heard the noise of officers and men behind him, thinking that this time it would be over and he would definitely die. At this moment, I only saw crows coming at him all over the sky. He was busy crawling on the ground, trying to escape the crows and run again. I knew that some crows were holding his clothes in their mouths. At this time, the pursuer had arrived, and he simply lay on the ground pretending to be a dead man, motionless. Strange to say, many crows landed on him, and the pursuers rushed to have a look and said, "What bad luck!" So many crows were pecking at dead bodies for food, but they ignored them and chased them forward. The crow saved Nurhachi. He said to the crow, "Old Hong! Mom! I will never forget your saving my life. I will succeed in the future. On holidays, I will kill 3, barbarians and chop them into meat to feed you! "Now north of Liaoyang, there is a place called Laoyao Beach, which is said to be named because Nurhachi was rescued there.

After Nuerhachi ran out of Li Chengliang's house, several times he was in danger, and he was killed. Since then, he has found his own way of life.

One day, while walking, he came to Changbai Mountain and met eight brothers who were digging for ginseng. They hit it off immediately and soon became brothers. Nurhachi is often threatened by wild animals in the mountains and forests. Every day, he takes a poker in his hand, and he is inseparable wherever he goes. It is said that this poker has helped him tide over many difficulties. Whenever he encounters difficulties, he sacrifices to heaven with a pole, and asks God to bless him. After Nurhachi came to power, in order not to forget the past, he set up a Soren pole in front of Qingning Palace. Use it to worship heaven, which is the reason why the Manchu set up the Soren pole.

Above, it is said that after Nurhachi became the Great Khan, in order not to forget the preface, he made several rules for Manchu descendants. Three of them have been fixed and become well-known customs of Manchu.

First, there is an ancestral niche of "Wanli Mom" outside the western wall of the main room of Manchu family. This is to commemorate pear flower, the legendary "Wanli mother". All ancestor worship is like treating ancestors. However, pear flower is a Han Chinese, not a native, so the niche is located outside the door, and the real ancestor niche is located on the Xishan wall of the Westinghouse in the first room; Second, Manchu people don't kill dogs, don't wear dog skin hats and don't eat dog meat. Anyone who wants to wear a dog skin hat to the ancestral shrine of Manchu people is regarded as insulting his ancestors; Third, there are Soren poles on the left side of the gate of Manchu people. There is a bucket on the pole. Rich people are made of silver, ordinary people are made of tin, and there are grains in it. Here, don't forget the kindness of the old crow to save the king of Han and feed him. (1) Among these three articles, "pole worship to heaven" is not only a permanent place in Manchu people's homes, but also a fixed place for "pole worship to heaven" in the Qing government. In front of Qingning Palace, a god pole is erected, which is more than ten feet long and crowned with a tin plate. "Used to worship the heavens, ancestor worship is generally held in spring and autumn. In addition, in case of major events or expeditions, activities such as offering sacrifices to heaven, gods and ancestors should also be held. Later, it was held in Tangzi Temple, so it was also called offering sacrifices to Tangzi. After that, the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Tang Zi became more and more complicated. " Every year on the first day of March and the first day of September, the prince, the county king and Baylor each offered three poles; Zi, Zhen Guogong, Fu Guogong, each family has two poles; General Zhen Guo, Fu Guo and Feng Guo each offered a pole, and no imperial clan offered it. ""Every year, on the first day of March, a pole is erected, and the emperor goes to offer sacrifices. On this day, the day's halogen book was completed, and the official in charge of ceremonies was set up. The emperor was set to salute and sit on the mattress in the main hall of the hall, and the front round hall was set up. He put on his dress in front of the main hall and the round hall forest, and bowed three times, asking the five ministers to be afraid of standing in line and not accompanying him. After the ceremony and sacrifice, they sat on the top of Danbi, sitting on the west side, and the male and above also sat on the top of Danbi, entering the sacrifice and drinking the wine to make fun. quot; . More interestingly, "when the sacrifice is held, there will be crows to peck at it, which is called god's enjoyment." Then began to "jump into the gods", "those who jump into the gods, or witches or housewives, shook their hips with bells, while drumming with their hands. The drums were made of single cowhide with iron rings on their handles, and several rings were struck and shaken, and their voices were dull. The words of two prayers were indistinguishable. Jump and spin after prayer. There are tigers returning to the famous color sacrifices, pork and flying stones. "Those with flying stones and black peaks stick to rice cakes, which are yellow as jade. They are greasy and mixed with bean powder and dipped in honey. After jumping, they will feed their neighbors and relatives all over again, while the meat will draw people at home and be eaten to the limit, but it will be unknown if they are not exhausted." This ancient ritual sweep gradually formed the shamanism of Manchu.